How to get regular stuff working
Alpine Linux is built around Musl libc and BusyBox. This makes it small and very resource efficient. The utilities in BusyBox tend to only implement standard options and lack GNU-specific extensions. This page explains how to get the utilities typically found in GNU/Linux distributions.
Core utilities
Most of the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities commonly grouped under Core Utilities are provided by BusyBox. To replace it with original coreutils package:
# apk add coreutils
Util-linux
A set of approximately 100 basic Linux system utilities not included in GNU Core Utilities, such as mount, cfdisk, more, lsblk and kill are maintained under Util-linux. The util-linux package is split into multiple subpackages, so it is possible to install only some of them individually. To have the complete util-linux package:
# apk add util-linux
The full featured file pager utility less can be installed from the less package.
Search utilities
Standard search tools xargs and find can be installed by via the findutils package as follows:
# apk add findutils
GNU Grep is also available as the grep package.
Shell management
The default shell used by Alpine Linux is the Busybox variant of the ash shell. This is a POSIX compliant shell. All popular shells are available in Alpine Linux and the default shell can be changed, if desired.
Hardware management
Install pciutils and usbutils for identifying and configuring PCI and USB hardware using the full featured version of lspci and lsusb commands respectively.
The packages hwdata-pci and hwdata-usb are dependencies for the above utilities and they are installed automatically. These packages can be removed once the hardware configuration has been completed.
Disk management
Managing disks including removable disks is much easier with udisks.
# apk add udisks2
To see the mounted disks:
# udisksctl status
Network management
For network, you may want to install iproute2.
# apk add iproute2
Subpackages and missing functionality
When a package is installed in Alpine Linux, no assumption is made on what features the user wants, so subpackages are not installed by default. The user might get a false impression of missing functionality. Alpine Linux package database page shows the list of available subpackages.
For eg: NetworkManager, the standard network configuration tool is split into 20+ subpackages based on features. If the user installs networkmanager package or network-manager-applet only the NetworkManager utility and the applet will get installed. To manage Wifi networks or to use commands like nmcli and nmtui the user is expected to add the required subpackages networkmanager-wifi, networkmanager-cli and networkmanager-tui respectively.
In other Linux distributions when NetworkManager is installed, all the above features plus bluetooth, adsl, wwan, vpn, l2tp, ppp etc are automatically installed along with their dependencies.
Development environment
Compiling in Alpine Linux may be more challenging because it uses [Musl] instead of glibc. The build-base meta package provides regular compiler stuff such as binutils, gcc, g++, make etc..
# apk add build-base
The alpine-sdk meta package is provided to build packages for Alpine Linux. It includes abuild, build-base, and git.
# apk add alpine-sdk
To install CMake:
# apk add cmake extra-cmake-modules
ccache and a lot other tools are also available in Alpine Linux.