Alpine Linux:FAQ
Alpine Linux is an independent, non-commercial, general purpose Linux distribution designed for power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency.
This is a list of frequently asked questions about Alpine Linux. If your question is not answered on this page, check the available support options.
General
Where to start?
The Installation page and the Post Installation section on that page, provide a basic orientation.
A broader overview may be found on the official About page and at the wiki overview.
Please note that testing is safer on your own virtual machine.
I have found a bug, where can I report it?
You can report it on the bugtracker, but search it first to see if the issue has already been reported.
Are there any details about the releases available?
Please check the Release Branches page for more information.
What is the difference between edge and stable releases?
Stable releases are just what they sound like: initially a point-in-time snapshot of the package archives, but then maintained with bugfixes only in order to keep a stable environment.
Edge is more of a rolling-release, with the latest and greatest packages available in the online repositories.
Occasionally, snapshot ISO images of the then-current state of edge are made and are available for download.
Typically these are made when there are major kernel upgrades or package upgrades that require initramfs rebuilds.
What architectures does Alpine Linux support?
The table below lists the architectures that are officially supported.
| Alpine Linux Hardware Support Matrix | |||
| Architecture | Port | Description | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| x86 | x86 | 32 bit i686 compatible (or later) CPUs with at least CMOV and SSE2 | All |
| x86_64 | AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 instruction set | All | |
| ARM | armhf | 32 bit ARM with hard-float ABI - for ARMv6 devices- Raspberry Pi 1, Zero, ZeroW, cm1 (defconfig bcmrpi) | v3.0 |
| armv7 | 32 bit ARM - for ARMv7 devices - Raspberry Pi 2, 3, 3+, Zero2W, cm3, cm3+ (defconfig bcm2709) | v3.9 | |
| aarch64 | 64 bit ARM - for ARMv8+ devices - Raspberry Pi 3, 3+, 4, 400, Zero2W, cm3, cm3+, cm4, 5 (defconfig bcm2711) | v3.5 | |
| PowerPC | ppc64le | 64 bit PowerPC (little-endian) mostly for POWER8 and POWER9 | v3.6 |
| IBM System Z | s390x | IBM Z mainframes, especially IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE (z196 minimum) | v3.6 |
| RISC V | riscv64 | 64 bit RISC V | v3.20 |
| LoongArch | loongarch64 | 64 bit LoongArch | v3.21 |
Please check Downloads page for media availability on each one.
How can I contribute?
You can contribute by:
- Using the software and giving feedback.
- Documenting your Alpine Linux experiences on this wiki.
- Flag packages as outdated in the package database, or even better enable release monitoring in Anitya for them.
- In many other ways.
Please visit the Contribute page to read more about this topic.
Why don't I have man pages or where is the 'man' command?
The man command and man-pages, the system's core manual pages are not installed by default. Since binary packages are thinned out and split, documentation sub-packages in the format packagename-doc are not installed by default.
Install the man command:
# apk add mandoc
Optionally, install the apropos command to search in man pages:
# apk add mandoc-apropos
Once mandoc is installed,add documentation for the package where you need it. For example, say you installed nftables and you now require its man pages:
# apk add nftables-doc
The docs meta package installs the documentation sub-package for all the currently installed packages and mandoc, if unavailable. docs meta package ensures that documentation sub-packages are installed or removed automatically for any packages that you may add/remove in future.
# apk add docs
Keep in mind not all packages have a corresponding documentation package and even when it has one it may not be in the form man pages.
Setup
What is the difference between sys, data, and diskless when running setup-alpine or setup-disk?
sys: This mode is a traditional disk install. The following partitions will be created on the disk: /boot/, / (filesystem root) and swap. This mode may be used for development boxes, desktops, virtual servers, etc.
data: This mode uses your disk(s) for data storage, not for the operating system. Runs from the media and only a /var/ is created on disk. The system itself will run from a tmpfs (RAM). Use this mode if you only want to use the disk(s) for data, like mailspool, databases, logs, etc.
diskless: No disks are to be used. Alpine local backup may still be used in this mode.
These modes are explained further on the Installation page.
How do I upgrade Alpine?
To upgrade to a new stable release or edge:
apk upgrade --available
Why don't my cron jobs run?
Start service crond and add it to the default runlevel:
rc-service crond start && rc-update add crond
After that the cron daemon is started automatically on system boot and executes the scripts placed in the folders under /etc/periodic/ - there are folders for 15min, hourly, daily, weekly and monthly scripts.
To check whether your scripts are likely to run, use the run-parts command, for example:
run-parts --test /etc/periodic/15min
This command will tell you what should run but will not actually execute the scripts.
If the results of the test are not as expected, check the following:
- Make sure the script is executable - if unsure, issue the command
chmod +x /etc/periodic/[path/scriptname]
- Make sure the first line of your script is
#!/bin/sh - Do not use periods on your script file names - this stops them from working; for example: /etc/periodic/daily/myscript will run, but /etc/periodic/daily/myscript.sh won't.
Time and timezones
How do I set the local timezone?
If you wish to edit the timezone (TZ) after installation, run the setup-timezone script.
Packages
Can you build an APK package for ...?
Please create an issue in the bugtracker. Prefix it with "package request:" in the title and include a short description (one-line), a URL for the home page, why you need it, and a URL for the source package.
How can I build my own package?
Please see the Creating an Alpine package page.
What does "required by: world[$pkgname]" mean?
It means that the package you tried to install does not exist in the repositories you have configured.
Maybe you forgot to add community or testing to /etc/apk/repositories?
Or is the package in a pinned repository and you forgot to suffix the package with the repo tag? Example:
apk add experimental-package@testing
How can I find out if a certain package exists in Alpine?
If you want to only search repositories you have configured in /etc/apk/repositories, then apk search $pkgname should get you sorted. If you want to search all repositories have a look at the online pkg oracle
WARNING: Ignoring APKINDEX.xxxx.tar.gz
If you get WARNING: Ignoring APKINDEX.xxxx.tar.gz: No such file or directory while running package related tools, check your /etc/apk/repositories file.
To check the content of the repositories file
cat /etc/apk/repositories
or
setup-apkrepos
Dynamic DNS
How do I schedule a regular dynamic DNS update?
You'll want to install the ez-ipupdate package:
apk add ez-ipupdate
After that, create a new file at /etc/ez-ipupdate.conf with contents similar to:
service-type=dyndns user=myusername:mypassword interface=eth1 host=myhostname.dyndns.org
Make the new ip cache directory:
mkdir /var/cache/ez-ipupdate lbu add /var/cache/ez-ipupdate
Then schedule a new cron job with this command:
echo >> /var/log/ez-ipupdate && \
/bin/date >> /var/log/ez-ipupdate && \
ez-ipupdate --config-file /etc/ez-ipupdate.conf -f -F /var/run/ez-ipupdate.pid \
--cache-file /var/cache/ez-ipupdate/ipcache --quiet >> /var/log/ez-ipupdate 2>&1
Don't forget to backup your settings!
lbu ci
Terminal
How to enable/fix colors for git?
The problem is not in git itself or terminal, but in the less command. Busybox’s less doesn’t support -r (--raw-control-chars) and -R (--RAW-CONTROL-CHARS) options.
The simplest (yet not ideal) solution is to install GNU less:
apk add less
Additionally, for colorized diff while using verbose commit (git commit -v), add this to shell init scripts (e.g.: ~/.profile):
Contents of ~/.profile
Fix lacking lsusb / lspci output
If you launch lsusb or lspci on a minimal installation, there's no device descriptions, and the latter doesn't exist.
This can be fixed by installing the usbutils and hwdata tables.
Old questions, no longer frequently asked
Alpine freezes during boot from Compact Flash, how can I fix?
Most Compact Flash card readers do not support proper DMA.
You should append nodma to the append line in syslinux.cfg.
How do I remove the CD-ROM?
Since the modloop loopback device is on CD-ROM you cannot just run eject. You need to unmount the modloop first.
Unmounting both the modloop and the CDROM in one step can be done by executing:
/etc/init.d/modloop stop
Then it's possible to eject the CD-ROM:
eject
How can I install custom firmware in a diskless system?
The modules and firmware are both special images which are mounted as read-only.
To fix this issue you can copy the firmware directory to your writeable media (cf/usb) and copy your custom firmware to it.
After reboot Alpine should automatically use the directory on your local storage instead of the loopback device.
OpenNTPD reports an error with "adjtime"
Your log contains something like:
reply from 85.214.86.126: offset 865033148.784255 delay 0.055466, next query 32s reply from 202.150.212.24: offset 865033148.779314 delay 0.400771, next query 3s adjusting local clock by 865033148.779835s adjtime failed: Invalid argument
openntpd is supposed to make small adjustments in the time without causing time jumps.
If the adjustment is too big then something is clearly wrong and ntpd gives up. (its actually adjtime(3) that has a limit on how big adjustments are allowed)
You can make ntpd set the time at startup by adding -s option to ntpd. This is done by setting NTPD_OPTS="-s" in /etc/conf.d/ntpd.
Using a cron job to keep the time in sync
Add the following to /etc/periodic/daily (or use another folder under the /etc/periodic hierarchy if you want to run the script more/less frequently)
Example: file called do-ntp
#!/bin/sh ntpd -d -q -n -p uk.pool.ntp.org
This queries the uk time server pool - you can modify this to suit your localisation, or just use pool.ntp.org. More info here: https://www.pool.ntp.org/zone/@
Windows clients reports an error when trying to sync
openntpd needs to run for a while before it is satisfied it is in sync. Until then it will set a flag "clock not synchronized" and Windows will report an error while trying to sync with your openntpd server.
Only thing to do is wait, do something else for 15-20mins and then check.