Configure Networking: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:37, 18 October 2024

This page will assist you in setting up networking on Alpine Linux.

Note: You must be logged in as root in order to perform the actions on this page.

Network setup-scripts

Among the alpine setup scripts that are installed as part of alpine-conf, the following network related scripts are available.

setup-hostname
setup-interfaces
setup-dns
setup-proxy
setup-ntp

All the above utilities are interactive. When setup-interfaces is invoked as follows,

# setup-interfaces

it helps to configure wireless and ethernet interfaces in addition to other types. The above scripts will satisfy most trivial configurations. For a versatile networking front end, refer NetworkManager. If you're needs are more advanced, you've to refer to the following detailed guides..

Setting System Hostname

To set the system hostname:

# echo "shortname" > /etc/hostname

Then, to activate the change:

# hostname -F /etc/hostname

If you're using IPv6, you should also add the following special IPv6 addresses to your /etc/hosts file:

Contents of /etc/hosts

...
::1             localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
fe00::0         ipv6-localnet
ff00::0         ipv6-mcastprefix
ff02::1         ipv6-allnodes
ff02::2         ipv6-allrouters
ff02::3         ipv6-allhosts

Tip: If you're going to use automatic IP configuration, such as IPv4 DHCP or IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration, you can skip ahead to Configuring DNS. Otherwise, if you're going to use a static IPv4 or IPv6 address, continue below.

For a static IP configuration, it's common to also add the machine's hostname you just set (above) to the /etc/hosts file.

Here's an IPv4 example:

Contents of /etc/hosts

...
192.168.1.150   shortname.domain.com
...

And here's an IPv6 example:

Contents of /etc/hosts

...
2001:470:ffff:ff::2   shortname.domain.com
...

Configuring DNS

Tip: For users of IPv4 DHCP: Please note that /etc/resolv.conf will be completely overwritten with any nameservers provided by DHCP. If DHCP does not provide any nameservers, then /etc/resolv.conf will still be overwritten, but will not contain any nameservers!

For a static IP address and static nameservers, use one of the following examples.

For IPv4 nameservers, edit your /etc/resolv.conf file to look like this:
The following example uses Google's Public DNS servers.

Contents of /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

For IPv6 nameservers, edit your /etc/resolv.conf file to look like this:
The following example uses Hurricane Electric's public DNS server.

Contents of /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 2001:470:20::2

You can also use Hurricane Electric's public IPv4 DNS server:

Contents of /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 74.82.42.42

Tip: If you decide to use Hurricane Electric's nameserver, be aware that it is 'Google-whitelisted'. What does this mean? It allows you access to many of Google's services via IPv6. (Just don't add other, non-whitelisted, nameservers to /etc/resolv.conf — ironically, such as Google's Public DNS Servers.) Read here for more information.

Interface Configuration

Loopback Configuration (Required)

Note: The loopback configuration must appear first in /etc/network/interfaces to prevent networking issues.

To configure loopback, add the following to a new file /etc/network/interfaces:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

The above works to set up the IPv4 loopback address (127.0.0.1), and the IPv6 loopback address (::1) — if you enabled IPv6.

Wireless Configuration

Alpine Linux supports two wireless daemons i.e iwd and wpa_supplicant. Using both may lead to conflicts.

Ethernet Configuration

For the following Ethernet configuration examples, we will assume that you are using Ethernet device eth0.

Initial Configuration

Add the following to the file /etc/network/interfaces, above any IP configuration for eth0:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
auto eth0
...

IPv4 DHCP Configuration

Add the following to the file /etc/network/interfaces, below the auto eth0 definition:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet dhcp
...

By default, the busybox DHCP client (udhcpc) requests a static set of options from the DHCP server. If you need to extend this set, you can do so by setting some additional command line options for the DHCP client, via the udhcpc_opts in your interface configuration. The following example requests domain-search option:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet dhcp
    udhcpc_opts -O search
...

For a complete list of command line options for udhcpc, see this document.

IPv4 Static Address Configuration

Add the following to the file /etc/network/interfaces, below the auto eth0 definition:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.1.1
...

Since Alpine 3.13 (and only if you have ifupdown-ng installed) must be:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150/24
        gateway 192.168.1.1
...

Additional IP addresses

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150
        netmask 255.255.255.0

iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.151/24
...

Since Alpine 3.13 (and only if you have ifupdown-ng installed) must be:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150/24
        gateway 192.168.1.1

iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.151/24
...

IPv6 DHCP Configuration

Alpine's use of ifupdown-ng supports three DHCP clients: udhcpc, dhclient, and dhcpcd. Of these, only dhcpcd can interact with both DHCP and DHCPv6 from the same process, which ifupdown-ng requires. Thus the IPv4 DHCP configuration given above will also result in the use of DHCPv6, but only if you install the dhcpcd package. (The ifupdown-ng scripts prioritize dhclient over udhcpc, and they prioritize dhcpcd over dhclient; see /usr/libexec/ifupdown-ng/dhcp.)

IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration

Add the following to the file /etc/network/interfaces, below the auto eth0 definition:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet6 auto
...

IPv6 Static Address Configuration

Add the following to the file /etc/network/interfaces, below the auto eth0 definition:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet6 static
        address 2001:470:ffff:ff::2
        netmask 64
        gateway 2001:470:ffff:ff::1
        pre-up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra
...

Since Alpine Linux 3.13 (and only if you have ifupdown-ng installed) must be as:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

...
iface eth0 inet6 static
        address 2001:470:ffff:ff::2/64
        gateway 2001:470:ffff:ff::1
        pre-up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra
...

Example: Dual-Stack Configuration

This example shows a dual-stack configuration.

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150
       netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 192.168.1.1

iface eth0 inet6 static
        address 2001:470:ffff:ff::2
        netmask 64
        gateway 2001:470:ffff:ff::1
        pre-up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra

Take care since Alpine 3.13 (and only if you have ifupdown-ng installed) must be as:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static
        address 192.168.1.150/24
        gateway 192.168.1.1

iface eth0 inet6 static
        address 2001:470:ffff:ff::2/64
        gateway 2001:470:ffff:ff::1
        pre-up echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra

Firewalling with iptables and ip6tables

Install iptables/ip6tables

To install iptables (includes ip6tables in alpine 3.19 and up):

# apk add iptables

To install ip6tables (Alpine older than 3.19 only):

# apk add ip6tables

To install the man pages for iptables and ip6tables:

# apk add iptables-doc

Configure iptables/ip6tables

Save Firewall Rules

For iptables

Set iptables to start on reboot
- # rc-update add iptables
Write the firewall rules to disk
- # rc-service iptables save
If you use Alpine Local Backup:
1. Save the configuration
  - # lbu ci

For ip6tables

Set ip6tables to start on reboot
- # rc-update add ip6tables
Write the firewall rules to disk
- # rc-service ip6tables save
If you use Alpine Local Backup:
1. Save the configuration
  - # lbu ci

Activating Changes and Testing Connectivity

Changes made to /etc/network/interfaces can be activated by running:

# rc-service networking restart

If you did not get any errors, you can now test that networking is configured properly by attempting to ping out:

$ ping www.google.com PING www.l.google.com (74.125.47.103) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from yw-in-f103.1e100.net (74.125.47.103): icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=58.5 ms 64 bytes from yw-in-f103.1e100.net (74.125.47.103): icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=56.4 ms 64 bytes from yw-in-f103.1e100.net (74.125.47.103): icmp_seq=3 ttl=48 time=57.0 ms 64 bytes from yw-in-f103.1e100.net (74.125.47.103): icmp_seq=4 ttl=48 time=60.2 ms ^C --- www.l.google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3007ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 56.411/58.069/60.256/1.501 ms

For an IPv6 traceroute run traceroute6:

$ traceroute6 ipv6.google.com traceroute to ipv6.l.google.com (2001:4860:8009::67) from 2001:470:ffff:ff::2, 30 hops max, 16 byte packets 1 2001:470:ffff:ff::1 (2001:470:ffff:ff::1) 3.49 ms 0.62 ms 0.607 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 pr61.iad07.net.google.com (2001:504:0:2:0:1:5169:1) 134.313 ms 95.342 ms 88.425 ms 5 2001:4860::1:0:9ff (2001:4860::1:0:9ff) 100.759 ms 100.537 ms 89.907 ms 6 2001:4860::1:0:5db (2001:4860::1:0:5db) 115.563 ms 102.946 ms 106.191 ms 7 2001:4860::2:0:a7 (2001:4860::2:0:a7) 101.754 ms 100.475 ms 100.512 ms 8 2001:4860:0:1::c3 (2001:4860:0:1::c3) 99.272 ms 111.989 ms 99.835 ms 9 yw-in-x67.1e100.net (2001:4860:8009::67) 101.545 ms 109.675 ms 99.431 ms

Additional Utilities

iproute2

You may wish to install the 'iproute2' package (note that this will also install iptables if not yet installed)

# apk add iproute2

This provides the 'ss' command which is IMHO a 'better' version of netstat.

Show listening tcp ports:

$ ss -tl

Show listening tcp ports and associated processes:

$ ss -ptl

Show listening and established tcp connections:

$ ss -ta

Show socket usage summary:

$ ss -s

Show more options:

$ ss -h

drill

You may also wish to install 'drill' (it will also install the 'ldns' package) which is a superior (IMHO) replacement for nslookup and dig etc:

# apk add drill

Then use it as you would for dig:

$ drill alpinelinux.org @8.8.8.8

To perform a reverse lookup (get a name from an IP) use the following syntax:

$ drill -x 8.8.8.8 @208.67.222.222

Latest revision as of 05:37, 18 October 2024

Network setup-scripts

Setting System Hostname

Configuring DNS

Interface Configuration

Loopback Configuration (Required)

Wireless Configuration

Ethernet Configuration

Initial Configuration

IPv4 DHCP Configuration

IPv4 Static Address Configuration

Additional IP addresses

IPv6 DHCP Configuration

IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration

IPv6 Static Address Configuration

Example: Dual-Stack Configuration

Firewalling with iptables and ip6tables

Install iptables/ip6tables

Configure iptables/ip6tables

Save Firewall Rules

For iptables

For ip6tables

Activating Changes and Testing Connectivity

Additional Utilities

iproute2

drill

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