How to get regular stuff working: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:16, 29 March 2025

Alpine Linux is built around Musl libc and BusyBox. This makes it small and very resource efficient. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options and hence missing some extended functionality. This page explains how to get the regular utilities working as found in GNU/Linux distributions.

Core utilities

Most of the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities commonly grouped under Core Utilities are provided by BusyBox. To replace it with original coreutils package:

# apk add coreutils

Util-linux

A set of approximately 100 basic Linux system utilities not included in GNU Core Utilities, such as mount, cfdisk, more, lsblk and kill are maintained under Util-linux. The util-linux package is split into multiple subpackages, so it is possible to install only some of them individually. To have the complete util-linux package:

# apk add util-linux

The full featured file pager utility less can be installed from the less package.

Search utilities

Standard search tools grep and find can be installed by installing the packages grep and findutils as follows:

# apk add grep findutils

Bash shell

The default shell used by Alpine Linux is the busybox variant of the ash shell. To install bash shell:

# apk add bash bash-completion

Hardware Management

Install pciutils and usbutils for identifying and configuring PCI and USB hardware using the full featured version of lspci and lsusb commands respectively.

# apk add pciutils usbutils

The packages hwdata-pci and hwdata-usb are dependencies for the above utilities and they are installed automatically. These packages can be removed once the hardware configuration has been completed.

Disk Management

Managing (removable) disks is much easier with udisks.

# apk add udisks2

To see the mounted disks:

# udisksctl status

Network Management

For network, you may want to install iproute2.

# apk add iproute2

Subpackages and missing functionality

When a package is installed in Alpine Linux, no assumption is made on what features the user wants, so subpackages are not installed by default. The user might get a false impression of missing functionality. Alpine Linux package database page shows the list of available subpackages.

For eg: NetworkManager, the standard network configuration tool is split into 20+ subpackages based on features. If the user installs networkmanager package or network-manager-applet only the NetworkManager utility and the applet will get installed. To manage Wifi networks or to use commands like nmcli and nmtui the user is expected to add the required subpackages networkmanager-wifi, networkmanager-cli and networkmanager-tui respectively.

In other Linux distributions when NetworkManager is installed, all the above features plus bluetooth, adsl, wwan, vpn, l2tp, ppp etc are automatically installed along with their dependencies.

Development environment

Compiling in Alpine Linux may be more challenging because it uses musl-libc instead of glibc. The build-base meta package provides regular compiler stuff such as binutils, gcc, g++, make etc..

# apk add build-base

The alpine-sdk meta package is provided to build packages for Alpine Linux. It includes abuild, build-base, and git.

# apk add alpine-sdk

To install CMake:

# apk add cmake extra-cmake-modules

ccache and a lot other tools are also available in Alpine Linux.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Alpine comes with busybox by default. Busybox is set up as an endpoint for numerous symlinks that substitute various utilities. Since busybox tries to be a minimalistic package, the busybox commands may still be missing some functionality.
+Alpine Linux is built around [[Musl]] libc and [[BusyBox]]. This makes it small and very resource efficient. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options and hence missing some extended functionality. This page explains how to get the regular utilities working as found in GNU/Linux distributions.
-To replace the busybox symlinks, you can install the relevant packages:
+== Core utilities ==
+{{Main|GNU core utilities}}
-== Basic utilities ==
+Most of the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities commonly grouped under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands Core Utilities] are provided by [[BusyBox]]. To replace it with original {{pkg|coreutils}} package:{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|coreutils}}}}
-Very basic utilities randing from cd, ls to lsblk grep, are all busybox symlinks, by default. To have the complete packages:
-: {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|util-linux}} {{pkg|coreutils}} {{pkg|grep}} {{pkg|findutils}} }}
+== Util-linux ==
+A set of approximately 100 basic Linux system utilities not included in GNU Core Utilities, such as <code>mount</code>, <code>cfdisk</code>, <code>more</code>, <code>lsblk</code> and <code>kill</code> are maintained under [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Util-linux Util-linux]. The {{pkg|util-linux}} package is split into multiple subpackages, so it is possible to install only some of them individually. To have the complete {{pkg|util-linux}} package:{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|util-linux}}}}
+The full featured file pager utility <code>less</code> can be installed from the {{pkg|less}} package.
+== Search utilities  ==
+Standard search tools <code>grep</code> and <code>find</code> can be installed by installing the packages {{pkg|grep}} and {{pkg|findutils}} as follows:{{Cmd|# apk add  {{pkg|grep}} {{pkg|findutils}} }}
 == Bash shell ==
+{{Main|Change default shell}}
-It's also easy enough to install bash itself, or any other shell of your choice:
+The default shell used by Alpine Linux is the busybox variant of the [[BusyBox#Ash_shell|ash shell]]. To install {{pkg|bash}} shell: {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|bash}} {{pkg|bash-completion}}}}
-: {{Cmd|apk add {{pkg|bash}} {{pkg|bash-completion}}}}
-and optionally, change the login shell with '''{{ic|chsh}}'''.
 == Hardware Management ==
-Install {{pkg|pciutils}} and {{pkg|usbutils}} for configuring pci and usb hardware respectively. You can always remove these packages once the hardware is configured.
+Install {{pkg|pciutils}} and {{pkg|usbutils}} for identifying and configuring PCI and USB hardware using the full featured version of <code>lspci</code> and <code>lsusb</code> commands respectively. {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|pciutils}} {{pkg|usbutils}}}}
-: {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|pciutils}} {{pkg|usbutils}}}}
+The packages {{pkg|hwdata-pci}} and {{pkg|hwdata-usb}} are dependencies for the above utilities and they are installed automatically. These packages can be removed once the hardware configuration has been completed.
-The packages {{pkg|hwdata-pci}} and {{pkg|hwdata-usb}} are dependencies for the above utilities and they are installed automatically.
 == Disk Management ==
-Managing (removable) disk is much easier with udisks
+Managing (removable) disks is much easier with udisks. {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|udisks2}}}}
-Installation
+To see the mounted disks:{{Cmd|# udisksctl status}}
-{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|udisks2}}}}
+== Network Management ==
-To see the mounted disks
+For network, you may want to install {{pkg|iproute2}}. {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|iproute2}}}}
-{{Cmd|# udisksctl status}}
+== Subpackages and missing functionality  ==
-== Network Management ==
+When a package is installed in Alpine Linux, no assumption is made on what features the user wants, so [[Alpine_Package_Keeper#Subpackages|subpackages]] are not installed by default. The user might get a false impression of missing functionality. Alpine Linux [https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org package database] page shows the list of available subpackages.
-For network, you may want to install {{pkg|iproute2}}
+For eg: [[NetworkManager]], the standard network configuration tool is split into 20+ subpackages based on features. If the user installs {{pkg|networkmanager}} package or {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} only the NetworkManager utility and the applet will get installed. To manage Wifi networks or to use commands like <Code>nmcli</Code> and <Code>nmtui</Code> the user is expected to add the required subpackages {{pkg|networkmanager-wifi}}, {{pkg|networkmanager-cli}} and {{pkg|networkmanager-tui}} respectively.
-{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|iproute2}}}}
+In other Linux distributions when NetworkManager is installed, all the above features plus bluetooth, adsl, wwan, vpn, l2tp, ppp etc are automatically installed along with their dependencies.
 == Development environment ==
-Compiling in Alpine may be more challenging because it uses [https://musl.libc.org/ musl-libc] instead of glibc.  Alpine offers the regular compiler stuff like gcc etc..
+Compiling in Alpine Linux may be more challenging because it uses [https://musl.libc.org/ musl-libc] instead of glibc. The {{pkg|build-base}} meta package provides regular compiler stuff such as {{pkg|binutils}}, {{pkg|gcc}}, {{pkg|g++}}, {{pkg|make}} etc..
-For general software development i.e compiling from source
+{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|build-base}}}}
-{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|build-base}} {{pkg|abuild}}}}
+The {{pkg|alpine-sdk}} meta package is provided to build packages for Alpine Linux.  It includes {{pkg|abuild}}, {{pkg|build-base}}, and {{pkg|git}}.
-Tools specifically needed for alpine specicific development
+{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|alpine-sdk}}}}
-{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|build-base}} {{pkg|abuild}}}}
-Alpine Software Development Kit meta package includes {{pkg|abuild}}, {{pkg|build-base}}, and {{pkg|git}}
+To install CMake:
-{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|alpine-sdk}} }}
-Complete cmake needs the following:
 {{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|cmake}} {{pkg|extra-cmake-modules}}}}
-{{pkg|ccache}} and a lot other tools are also available in alpine.
+{{pkg|ccache}} and a lot other tools are also available in Alpine Linux.
-[https://wiki.musl-libc.org/functional-differences-from-glibc.html Functional differences between musl and glibc]
 [[Category:Installation]]
+[[category: System Administration]]