Fonts: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 06:42, 10 January 2024

Fonts on Alpine Linux covers a wide range of various languages. If you can't see your language, you need to install the font that has glyphs (little picture) created for it. The square box called a substitute character or "tofu" that acts as a placeholder for missing a glyph usually with a two byte sequence. Tofu is a prepared food that is a traditional part of East Asian and Southeast Asian meals. It is often served in a white rectangular appearance.

Note: The system font directory is located at /usr/share/fonts which is reserved for the Alpine package creators and the package system. The user font location is located in ~/.fonts which is the preferred install font location especially from unknown sources. Fonts have been used as a source of security exploits (See CVEs) so to reduce the spread of attack install fonts inside ~/.fonts. The trusted system fonts that Alpine Linux packages typically are from well known sources like corporations like Google, Adobe, open organizations like Xorg or well known font designers or projects licensed as either SIL, GPL, etc.

Installation

Default internal fb fonts (tty console) or xorg fonts (desktops) are suitable for a default installation. font-misc-misc is installed with Xorg, so fonts for most languages (Japanese, Korean, Latin, Cyrillic) are already covered. Exceptions are Arabic, Persian, Thai, Tamil, etc. according to the Wikipedia Page on languages for article translation.

These selections will cover most languages and are a good fit for most setups:

# apk add font-terminus font-inconsolata font-dejavu font-noto font-noto-cjk font-awesome font-noto-extra

These selections add special support for cyrillic languages like Russian and Serbian, etc.:

# apk add font-vollkorn font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic

These selections cover special Asiatic languages like Japanese, etc.:

# apk add font-terminus font-noto font-noto-thai font-noto-tibetan font-ipa font-sony-misc font-daewoo-misc font-jis-misc

The following will add some partially supported Chinese fonts:

# apk add font-isas-misc

These selection will cover, in general Arabic, Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana languages support for desktop setups:

# apk add font-terminus font-bitstream-* font-noto font-noto-extra font-arabic-misc # apk add font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic # apk add font-noto-arabic font-noto-armenian font-noto-cherokee font-noto-devanagari font-noto-ethiopic font-noto-georgian # apk add font-noto-hebrew font-noto-lao font-noto-malayalam font-noto-tamil font-noto-thaana font-noto-thai

Configuration

fc-cache -fv can be used to display the font locations and to update the cache.

Some applications do not specify a specific font to use but rather say sans-serif [sans means without as in without tiny lines], serif, monospace [as in proportional square font]. This is where Fontconfig comes into place by substituting the general font type with a specific font that you like. For package developers, /etc/fonts/conf.avail contains a fontconfig configuration file. This will be symlinked into /etc/fonts/conf.d. See /etc/fonts/conf.d/README for details about the meaning behind the priority numbers.

For regular users, you want to create/edit your personal ~/.fonts.conf. This is in XML and describes which preferred font to use for these general types. See this for details.

Per-user Configuration is made in ~/.fonts.conf but it's hard to configure. An easier method is to use the ~/.Xresources file.

The following will set up for all users, a minimal resource usage for fonts. No antialiasing. No hint, etc:

# cat > /home/*/.Xresources << EOF Xft.antialias: 0 Xft.rgba: rgb Xft.autohint: 0 Xft.hinting: 1 Xft.hintstyle: hintslight EOF

List of fonts in Alpine Linux

Utopia - font-adobe-utopia-*
Noto - font-noto-* -- These fonts can cover different glyphs for your language. If you go to https://fonts.google.com/noto , you can try to search for your language to see if it is supported. If Alpine doesn't have it, you can download it from Google into your ~/.font . As hinted in the introduction, noto comes from no tofu or gradual elimination of these substitute characters off the web.
Terminus - font-terminus -- Monospace font
BaKoMa font-bakoma-* -- Fonts for TeX typesetting system (for academics in the math and sciences and book writers) and TeX (WYSIWYG) editors
Bitstream Vera font-bitstream-*
Bera (Bitstream Vera Type 1) - font-bitstream-type1 -- Use for LaTeX
Font Awesome - font-awesome -- It was used in Twitter Bootstrap. It is a font representing things and brands as Icons.
GNU FreeFont - font-freefont -- See link for support for different writing systems/languages
GNU Unifont - font-unifont -- It contains glyphs of every codepoint
font-misc-cyrillic -- Cyrillic fonts (Russian/Slavic Style)
font-screen-cyrillic -- X.org public domain Cyrillic fonts for screen use
font-misc-ethiopic -- Ethiopic fonts used in Ethiopia and Eritrea
font-misc-misc -- Bitmap fonts in PCF format (shows glyphs of many types and installed by default by xorg-server package)
ClearlyU fonts - font-mutt-misc -- Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana. See link to changelog for full list of languages supported.
Overpass - font-overpass
Luxi fonts - font-bh-* -- designed by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow which bh is refers to the last name
IPA Font - font-ipa -- A Japanese font
Chrome OS core fonts - font-croscore
Vollkorn - font-vollkorn - A serif font with glyphs for Cyrillic (Russian/Slavic), Greek, Polish, Dutch, Bulgarian, Serbian, and small capitals
Open Sans - font-opensans
Cantarell - font-cantarell -- Designed for reading and the default GNOME font
DejaVu - font-dejavu -- A modified Bitstream Vera with more styles and unicode coverage
Linux Libertine - font-linux-libertine -- A free alternative to Times New Roman
Liberation font-liberation -- A free alternative to Helvetica and Arial
Inconsolata - font-inconsolata -- A monospace font designed for terminals and reading source code
mononoki - font-mononoki -- A font for programming and code review
Droid - font-droid / font-droid-nonlatin -- Designed for small screens and was used in older Android
font-schumacher-misc -- Fixed width fonts by Dale Schumacher
font-sony-misc -- Japanese Kana fonts by Sony Electronics
font-cursor-misc -- A standard cursor font
font-sun-misc -- Cursor and glyph fonts by Sun Microsystems
font-winitzki-cyrillic -- A Cyrillic (Russian) font by Serge Winitzki designed for proofreading mixed Russian-English text
font-isas-misc -- Chinese Song Ti style fonts (thinner horizontal lines compared to vertical)
font-jis-misc -- A Japanese International Standard font
IBM Courier font-ibm-type1
font-dec-misc -- A Digital Equipment Corporation cursor and session fonts
font-cronyx-cyrillic -- A Russian font for X11 by Cronyx
font-arabic-misc -- A bitmap and proportional Arabic font in newspaper style [1]

Non-free fonts

Core fonts for the Web (msttcorefonts-installer) - For installing non-free proprietary Microsoft fonts like Comic Sans. Not recommended for commercial or open source projects. See their licensing.

 Arial
 Arial Black
 Andalé Mono
 Courier New
 Comic Sans MS
 Georgia
 Impact
 Times New Roman
 Trebuchet MS
 Verdana
 Webdings

Changing the console font

The default font may be too small on high-resolution monitors, e.g. 4K ones. To change the default font, e.g. to the 32px ISO Latin-1 Terminus font:

# apk add font-terminus
try out fonts in a virtual console using # setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/ter-132n.psf.gz
edit /etc/conf.d/consolefont, set it to the font you choose, e.g. consolefont="ter-132n.psf.gz"
enable this using # rc-update add consolefont boot

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 * [https://terminus-font.sourceforge.net/ Terminus] - {{pkg|font-terminus}} -- Monospace font
 * [https://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/systems/win32/bakoma/fonts/fonts.html BaKoMa] {{pkg|font-bakoma-*}} -- Fonts for TeX typesetting system (for academics in the math and sciences and book writers) and TeX (WYSIWYG) editors
-{{obsolete|{{pkg|font-bitstream-speedo}} package doesn't exist anymore}}
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Speedo_Fonts Bitstream Speedo] - {{pkg|font-bitstream-speedo}}
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bitstream Vera] {{pkg|font-bitstream-*}}
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bera (Bitstream Vera Type 1)] - {{pkg|font-bitstream-type1}} -- Use for LaTeX
@@ Line 91: / Line 89: @@
 * {{pkg|font-screen-cyrillic}} -- X.org public domain Cyrillic fonts for screen use
 * {{pkg|font-misc-ethiopic}} -- Ethiopic fonts used in Ethiopia and Eritrea
-{{obsolete|{{pkg|font-misc-meltho}} package doesn't exist anymore}}
-* {{pkg|font-misc-meltho}} -- For the Syriac language
 * {{pkg|font-misc-misc}} -- Bitmap fonts in PCF format (shows glyphs of many types and installed by default by xorg-server package)
 * [https://www.rockbox.org/mail/archive/rockbox-dev-archive-2005-12/0029.shtml ClearlyU fonts] - {{pkg|font-mutt-misc}} -- Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana.  See link to changelog for full list of languages supported.
-{{obsolete|{{pkg|font-tewi}} package doesn't exist anymore}}
-* [https://github.com/lucy/tewi-font tewi font] {{pkg|font-tewi}} - A tiny bitmap font that contains braille glyphs
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpass_(typeface) Overpass] - {{pkg|font-overpass}}
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxi_fonts Luxi fonts] - {{pkg|font-bh-*}} -- designed by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow which bh is refers to the last name
-{{obsolete|{{pkg|font-bh-lucidatypewriter-*}} packages don't exist anymore}}
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucida#Lucida_Typewriter_Serif Lucida Typewriter] - {{pkg|font-bh-lucidatypewriter-*}}
 * [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/IPAfont IPA Font] - {{pkg|font-ipa}} -- A Japanese font
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croscore_fonts Chrome OS core fonts] - {{pkg|font-croscore}}
@@ Line 114: / Line 106: @@
 * {{pkg|font-schumacher-misc}} -- Fixed width fonts by Dale Schumacher
 * {{pkg|font-sony-misc}} -- Japanese Kana fonts by Sony Electronics
-{{obsolete|{{pkg|font-daewoo-misc}} package doesn't exist anymore}}
-* {{pkg|font-daewoo-misc}} -- JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Kanji and Korean Hangul fonts by Daewoo Electronics
 * {{pkg|font-cursor-misc}} -- A standard cursor font
 * {{pkg|font-sun-misc}} -- Cursor and glyph fonts by Sun Microsystems