Sway: Difference between revisions

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[http://swaywm.org Sway] is a tiling [[Wayland]] compositor. It's a drop-in replacement for the i3 window manager.
[https://swaywm.org Sway] is a tiling [[Wayland]] compositor and a drop-in replacement for the [[i3wm |i3 window manager]]. It works with your existing i3 configuration and supports most of i3's features, plus a few extras.


== Installation ==
{{:Include:Setup-desktop}}
Install appropriate [[#Install Graphics Drivers|video]] drivers for your hardware before you can [[#Starting sway|launch sway]]. Without  graphics drivers [[#Video Driver Issues|errors]] may occur.


eudev:
== Manual Installation ==


<pre>
The below installation step allows you to pick and choose various componenents for your Sway Desktop.
# apk add eudev
 
# setup-devd udev
=== Add a normal user ===
</pre>
 
Use <code>setup-user</code> to add a non-system normal user for running Sway.
{{cmd|# setup-user}}
 
=== Set up eudev ===


Graphics drivers:
[[eudev]] is recommended and required for Sway. Without it, sway cannot connect to input devices.


* [[Intel Video]]
{{cmd|# setup-devd udev}}
* [[Radeon Video]]
* [[Nvidia Video]]
Add user to the input and video groups:


<pre>
=== Install Graphics Drivers ===
# adduser $USER input
{{:Graphics_driver}}
# adduser $USER video
=== Setting up a seat manager ===
</pre>


Wayland compositors need raw access to input and output devices. This is mediated by a [[seat manager]]. Using either [[seatd]] or [[elogind]] is supported. Using both may lead to conflicts.


Install some TTF fonts:
==== Install seatd ====


<pre>
See [[Seatd]] for the mandatory steps needed for sway to work with seatd.
# apk add ttf-dejavu
</pre>


seatd daemon:
==== Install elogind ====


<pre>
See [[Elogind]].
# apk add seatd
# rc-update add seatd
# rc-service seatd start
# adduser $USER seat
</pre>


[[elogind]], optional for suspending with a key (otherwise you can run <code>echo mem > /sys/power/state as a root</code>), or lid close support {{Note|Even though elogind may be installed and the service running, you may still need to configure some values. Otherwise you may for example be able to suspend with a key, but encounter a freeze upon waking. It is always vital to verify it is set up correctly with <code>loginctl list-sessions</code>}}
=== Install fonts ===


Install sway:
Install DejaVu fonts, which has good Unicode coverage:
{{cmd|# apk add font-dejavu}} 
=== Install Sway ===


<pre>
{{cmd|# apk add sway \
# apk add sway sway-doc
     xwayland            \ # if you need xserver
# apk add                \ # Install optional dependencies:
     xwayland            \ # recommended for compatibility reasons
     foot                \ # default terminal emulator. Modify $term in config for a different one.
     foot                \ # default terminal emulator. Modify $term in config for a different one.
     bemenu              \ # wayland menu
     wmenu                \ # default wayland native menu for choosing program and screensharing monitor
     swaylock swaylockd  \ # lockscreen tool
     swaylock swaylockd  \ # lockscreen tool
     swaybg              \ # wallpaper daemon
     swaybg              \ # display wallpaper
    grim                \ # screenshot tool
    wl-clipboard        \ # clipboard management
    i3status            \ # simple status bar
     swayidle              # idle management (DPMS) daemon
     swayidle              # idle management (DPMS) daemon
</pre>
}}
For complimentary software alternatives, see [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway the relevant page from sway's wiki] or [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/List_of_software_for_Wayland this list at Gentoo Wiki.]
 
== Configuration ==
 
Copy default sway configuration to <code>~/.config</code>:
{{cmd|$ mkdir -p ~/.config/sway
$ cp /etc/sway/config ~/.config/sway/}}
Read through it to learn the default keybindings.
Sway configuration is mostly backwards-compatible with that of [[I3wm|i3]] and if you are looking for a solution for a specific issue, you may also try checking if it hasn't been provided for i3WM.
 
For additional information, start at <code>man 5 sway</code> and read the [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki upstream wiki].
 
=== Starting sway ===
 
One can launch sway by issuing the command sway from TTY.
 
{{Cmd|$ sway}}
 
You can also sway with a greeter like [[greetd]]. In this case, to start sway session for the user, you might want to start a [[D-Bus#D-Bus_session|D-Bus session]] when the greetd session is started.
 
{{Cat|/etc/greetd/environments|<nowiki># Launch Sway with a D-Bus server available, use:
dbus-run-session -- sway
</nowiki>}}
 
D-Bus is required for PipeWire and screensharing in Firefox and Chromium. Running with <code>dbus-run-session</code> is a convenience wrapper that will explicitly export the path of the session bus.
 
=== PipeWire and Screensharing ===
 
For audio playback, install [[PipeWire#Installation|PipeWire]]. The sway compositor has no involvement in audio playback.
 
For screen sharing, applications are split into two categories:
 
* Those which use the native wayland protocol, </code>wlr-screencopy</code>
* Those which use the API from Flatpak's <code>xdg-desktop-portal</code> (this portal is also used by native non-Flatpak applications).
 
Applications in the first group require no additional setup. Applications in the second group (which includes Firefox and Chromium) require setting up xdg portals in addition to [[PipeWire#Installation|PipeWire]].
 
{{Cmd|#  apk add xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-wlr}}


Configure [[Wayland#XDG_RUNTIME_DIR|XDG_RUNTIME_DIR]]. If you have also installed elogind, which depends on the package linux-pam, you will also need to prepend the <code>XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</code> code with
Launch PipeWire with Sway. Use your service manager of choice, or add the following to sway config:
<pre>
<pre>
export XDG_SEAT=seat0
exec /usr/libexec/pipewire-launcher
export XDG_SESSION_CLASS=user
</pre>
</pre>


For inter-program communication and functionality such as screensharing, install and enable dbus and PipeWire, see [[PipeWire]] and set <code>SWAYSOCK</code> environmental variable to
If your are using automatic [[D-Bus]] activation, you also need to set DBus variables for the portal and screensharing features to work:
<code>/tmp/$(id -u)-runtime-dir/sway-ipc.1000.$(pgrep -x sway).sock</code> in your login shell's init script.
 
Note that it has to be set after the line responsible for launching Sway.
exec dbus-update-activation-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
 
=== Greetd ===
 
See [[greetd]] for an optional login manager.
 
=== Screen lock and suspend-to-RAM ===
 
If [[Elogind]] is not used, consider using {{Pkg|powerctl}}.
 
Putting the system to sleep with elogind requires elevated privileges or additional configuration.


Re-login or reboot to allow above modifications to take effect.
For details on configuring <code>doas</code> with <code>elogind</code>, see [[Elogind#Doas]]


Launch Sway with dbus support:
To put the system to sleep after 600 seconds, use:


<pre>
exec swayidle -w timeout 600 'doas /bin/loginctl suspend'
dbus-run-session -- sway #prepend with exec in your login shell init script
 
</pre>
loginctl suspend command will trigger the screenlock, as mentioned in the section [[#Install elogind (optional)|Install elogind (optional)]] above.
 
Do not lock the screen if program is running in full screen:
 
for_window [app_id="^.*"] inhibit_idle fullscreen
 
=== Elogind and swayidle ===


== Configuration ==
<code>swayidle</code> has integration with <code>elogind</code> and can handle <code>before-sleep</code> events.


An example config is provided at <code>/etc/sway/config</code>. Copy it to <code>~/.config/sway/config</code> and read through it to learn the default keybindings.
If using <code>swayidle before-sleep</code>, there will be a race condition, so that when you resume the computer from suspend, the screen shows the contents of the unlocked screen for a second before showing the actual lock screen.  This can be a privacy concern.
Sway configuration is mostly backwards-compatible with that of [[I3wm|i3]] and if you are looking for a solution for a specific issue, you may also try checking if it hasn't been provided for i3WM.


For additional information, start at <code>man 5 sway</code> and read the [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki upstream wiki].
To solve this issue, do the following:


=== Firefox screensharing ===
Create this file <code>/etc/elogind/system-sleep/10-swaylock.sh</code>, then add the following script to this file:


For some programs, additional configuration is needed to launch them natively under Wayland and to support special features such as screen sharing.
#!/bin/sh
if [ "${1}" == "pre" ]; then
  touch /tmp/swaylock-sleep
  sleep 1
fi


To launch Firefox natively under Wayland and to enable support for screensharing, you need:
Then set it to executable.


* Install and configure [[PipeWire]]
Later, once sway is installed, add the following line to sway config:
* Install xdg-desktop-portal and xdg-desktop-portal-wlr package
* Install wofi for screen selection
* Launch support programs on sway startup:
<pre>
exec /usr/libexec/pipewire-launcher #pipewire must be launched first
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
</pre>
* Export the following variables:


<pre>
exec touch /tmp/swaylock-sleep && inotifyd swaylock /tmp/swaylock-sleep
export MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND="1"
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
export XDG_SESSION_TYPE=wayland
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM="wayland-egl"
</pre>


=== Flatpaks ===
With this line, the screen will be promptly locked before suspend-to-RAM starts.


Due to their sandboxing, flatpaks require the use of a portal frontend (xdg-desktop-portal) and backends (such as xdg-desktop-portal-wlr, xdg-desktop-gtk, xdg-desktop-portal-gnome) that implement the methods. When in doubt, install multiple backends. For more information on backends, see [https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/#using-portals flatpak's page on the subject]. In addition to the steps under the "Firefox Screensharing" section, it may also be necessary to launch additional backends in your Sway config file. Otherwise, you may run into GDBus errors as your flatpak fails to interface with the portal. This can cause issues such as with opening your file directories from a flatpak application.
=== Brightness control ===


After installing different backends, you might need to add the relevant backends to your sway config file similarly to in the "Firefox Screensharing" section above. For example, an autostart section of your sway config file may include:
Controlling display backlight requires either the proper udev rules, or using some form of privilege escalation.
<pre>
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome
</pre>


This is only needed if they are not started automatically via other means.
{{Pkg|brightnessctl}} is a reliable alternative, although its default udev rules require too wide permissions (see {{Issue|15409}}). You may need your own rules, or configure doas to allow running it as an unprivileged user.


If you are using bemenu or dmenu and want flatpaks to be included in their search, you need to add the executables for the flatpaks to your $PATH for these launchers to find. To do so in Alpine Linux, open /etc/profile and add a new line to the list of append_path to include the flatpaks. For example, but with your username instead of USERNAME:
Optionally enable brightnessctl service to restore brightness settings on reboot:
<pre>
append_path "/usr/local/sbin"
append_path "/usr/local/bin"
append_path "/usr/sbin"
append_path "/usr/bin"
append_path "/sbin"
append_path "/bin"
append_path "/home/USERNAME/.local/share/flatpak/exports/bin"
</pre>


=== Scaling for high resolution screens ===
rc-update add brightnessctl


Without further configuration, program interfaces might be too small to use on high resolution screens.
=== Output scaling for high resolution displays ===


==== Via sway ====
Without further configuration, program interfaces might be too small to use on high resolution displays.


Sway supports the per-display configuration of
Sway supports the per-display configuration of
Line 138: Line 166:
However, fractional scaling is discouraged due to both the performance impact and the blurry output it produces. In this case, where 1x scaling is too small and 2x scaling is too large, program-specific GTK/QT based scaling is recommended.  See below.
However, fractional scaling is discouraged due to both the performance impact and the blurry output it produces. In this case, where 1x scaling is too small and 2x scaling is too large, program-specific GTK/QT based scaling is recommended.  See below.


To enable Sway scaling, the user can first preview different scaling factors with <code>wdisplays</code> package.  Note the output name (eDP-1, LVDS-1) and try apply scaling factors such as 1 and 2.  To make changes permanent, add
To enable Sway scaling, the user can first preview different scaling factors with <code>wdisplays</code> package.  Note the output name (eDP-1, LVDS-1) and try apply scaling factors such as 1 and 2.  To make changes permanent, add below to ~/.config/sway/config.


<pre>
<pre>
Line 144: Line 172:
</pre>
</pre>


to ~/.config/sway/config.
To use toolkit scaling, use
{{Cmd|# for GTK-based programs such as firefox and emacs:
export GDK_DPI_SCALE{{=}}2
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> for QT-based programs
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI{{=}}"physical"
<nowiki>#</nowiki> or if still too small, use a custom DPI
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI{{=}}192 # 2x scaling
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM{{=}}"wayland-egl"
}}
 


==== Via GTK/Qt ====
=== Screenshots ===


A simple tool that works well under Wayland is Grimshot. Example keybindings:
<pre>
<pre>
# for GTK-based programs such as firefox and emacs:
bindsym Print exec grimshot copy area
export GDK_DPI_SCALE=2
bindsym Shift+Print exec grimshot copy screen
bindsym Control+Print exec grimshot save area ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
bindsym Control+Shift+Print exec grimshot save screen ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
</pre>


# for QT-based programs
See [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway the sway wiki's article] for a list of screenshot tools.
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI="physical"
# or if still too small, use a custom DPI
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI=192 # 2x scaling
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM="wayland-egl"
</pre>


=== Make clipboard content persistent ===
=== Make clipboard content persistent ===
By default the clipboard content does not persist after terminating the program: you copy some text from Firefox and then exit Firefox, the copied text is also lost.
By default the clipboard content does not persist after terminating the program: you copy some text from Firefox and then exit Firefox, the copied text is also lost.


Install clipman from test repo and add the following to sway config:
Install {{Pkg|clipman}} from testing repo and add the following to sway config:


<pre>
<pre>
Line 170: Line 208:


=== Firefox picture-in-picture mode/floating windows ===
=== Firefox picture-in-picture mode/floating windows ===
Add this to your sway config file (modify the numeric values to suit your needs and your display):
Add this to your sway config file (modify the numeric values to suit your needs and your display):
<pre>
<pre>
Line 175: Line 214:
</pre>
</pre>


=== Screenshots ===
=== Start with NumLock enabled ===
A simple tool that works well under Wayland is Grimshot. Example keybindings:
<pre>
bindsym Print exec grimshot copy area
bindsym Shift+Print exec grimshot copy screen
bindsym Control+Print exec grimshot save area ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
bindsym Control+Shift+Print exec grimshot save screen ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
</pre>


=== Start with NumLock enabled ===
Add this to your sway config file:
Add this to your sway config file:
<code>input type:keyboard xkb_numlock enabled</code>


=== Change cursor theme and size ===
input type:keyboard xkb_numlock enabled
 
=== Change mouse cursor theme and size ===
 
Add to your sway config:
Add to your sway config:
<pre>
seat seat0 xcursor_theme my_cursor_theme my_cursor_size
</pre>
You can inspect their values with <code>echo $XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>echo $XCURSOR_THEME</code>. If reloading your config does not result in change, try logging out and in.
{{Note|Wayland uses client-side cursors. It is possible that applications do not evaluate the values of <code>$XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>$XCURSOR_THEME</code>.}}


=== Start as a service ===
seat seat0 xcursor_theme my_cursor_theme my_cursor_size
Although this is not necessary, you may write an init script like the following:
<pre>
{{/etc/init.d/sway|
#!/sbin/openrc-run


description="Sway Compositor"
For example, set a mouse cursor, using GNOME Adwaita theme:


command="/usr/bin/sway"
seat seat0 xcursor_theme Adwaita 16
command_args=""


pidfile="/run/sway.pid"
You can inspect their values with <code>echo $XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>echo $XCURSOR_THEME</code>. If reloading your config does not result in change, try logging out and in.
 
start_stop_daemon_args="--background --pidfile ${pidfile}"


depend() {
{{Note|Wayland allows for client-side cursors. It is possible that applications do not evaluate the values of <code>$XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>$XCURSOR_THEME</code>.}}
  need localmount
  after elogind
  use seatd dbus
}
</pre>
Then as a root run <code>chmod +x /etc/init.d/seat</code> and <code>rc-update add sway default</code>. Make sure you have elogind installed or specify another service, like your display/login manager after which the sway service will run.


=== Custom keyboard layout ===
=== Custom keyboard layout ===


Since wayland does not support setxkbmap, you will also need to add similar content to your ''/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml'', after <code></modelList></code> and after <code><layoutList></code>:
To use custom keyboard layout, just use
<pre>
<layout>
      <configItem>
        <name>[the name of your layout, same as the name of the file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols]</name>
        <shortDescription>[usually just two letters]</shortDescription>
        <description>[description of your layout]</description>
        <countryList>
          <iso3166Id>US</iso3166Id>
          <iso3166Id>NO</iso3166Id>
        </countryList>
        <languageList>
          <iso639Id>eng</iso639Id>
        </languageList>
      </configItem>
    </layout>
<!--[other layouts]-->
</pre>
Then, to enable for all keyboards, navigate to the input section of ''~/.config/sway/config'' and modify it to
<pre>
<pre>
input * {
input type:keyboard {
   xkb_layout "my_layout"
   xkb_file /path/to/my/custom/layout
}
}
</pre>
</pre>
If you have enabled <code>xkb_numlock</code>, include this setting inside those braces as well.
 
=== Changing default application fonts ===
 
See [[Fontconfig]]


== Troubleshooting ==
== Troubleshooting ==


If you encounter any issues, try running <code>sway -Vc /etc/sway/config</code>. It will run sway with the default config file and set the output to be more verbose. It is generally a good idea to track your config files with git (when and if at all you use a remote repository for them, keep it private for security reasons).  
If you encounter any issues, try running <code>sway -Vc /etc/sway/config</code>. It will run sway with the default config file and set the output to be more verbose. It is generally a good idea to track your config files with git (when and if at all you use a remote repository for them, keep it private for security reasons).  
To capture the sway error log in a file for troubleshooting, replace <code>sway</code> in your startup file by
<code>sway -d 2> ~/sway_error.log</code>.
Alternately, you can also issue the below command from TTY.
{{cmd|$ sway -d 2> ~/sway_error.log}}
=== Video Driver Issues ===
After installing sway, while launching it for the first time, lack of proper [[#Install Graphics Drivers|video drivers]] causes various error messages such as:
* "unable to create backend"
* "Failed to create renderer"
Do install necessary drivers for your [[#Install Graphics Drivers|graphics card]] for sway to work.
=== Flatpaks ===
{{main|Flatpak}}
Due to their sandboxing, flatpaks require the use of a portal frontend (xdg-desktop-portal) and backends (such as xdg-desktop-portal-wlr, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk, xdg-desktop-portal-gnome) that implement the methods. When in doubt, install multiple backends. For more information on backends, see [https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/#using-portals flatpak's page on the subject]. In addition to the steps under the "Firefox Screensharing" section, it may also be necessary to launch additional backends in your Sway config file. Otherwise, you may run into GDBus errors as your flatpak fails to interface with the portal. This can cause issues such as with opening your file directories from a flatpak application.
After installing different backends, you might need to add the relevant backends to your sway config file similarly to in the "Firefox Screensharing" section above. For example, an autostart section of your sway config file may include:
<pre>
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome
</pre>
This is only needed if they are not started automatically via other means.


=== Firefox (Flatpak) and/or GTK apps ===
=== Firefox (Flatpak) and/or GTK apps ===
==== Disappearing cursor ====
==== Disappearing cursor ====
You may need to get an icon pack and possibly a theme from [https://www.pling.com/browse?cat=107&ord=latest Pling store] and set <code>GTK_THEME</code> environmental variable. Alternatively you can install a theme      for all users (search [https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/ Alpine Linux Packages] for ''*-icon-theme'') using <code>apk add</code>.
You may need to get an icon pack and possibly a theme from [https://www.pling.com/browse?cat=107&ord=latest Pling store] and set <code>GTK_THEME</code> environmental variable. Alternatively you can install a theme      for all users (search [https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/ Alpine Linux Packages] for ''*-icon-theme'') using <code>apk add</code>.


Line 259: Line 289:
Go to ''about:config'' and set <code>widget.use-xdg-desktop-portal.file-picker</code> to 0.
Go to ''about:config'' and set <code>widget.use-xdg-desktop-portal.file-picker</code> to 0.


=== Failing to start under certain graphics cards/multiple wlroots stacked windows spawning upon start ===
=== Nvidia Issues ===
{{Main|NVIDIA}}
As of Dec 31 2022, [https://developer.nvidia.com/docs/drive/drive-os/latest/linux/sdk/common/topics/window_system_stub/Gnome-WaylandDesktopShellSupport136.html Nvidia still doesn't fully support Wayland]. Therefore, the possible solutions are as outlined in the link, or setting your WLR_BACKENDS environmental variables to <code>drm,libinput</code> or <code>x11</code> (add libinput here as well if you cannot use your mouse and keyboard after starting Sway). The latter also works for AMD/ATI cards ('''make sure to install libinput first''').
As of Dec 31 2022, [https://developer.nvidia.com/docs/drive/drive-os/latest/linux/sdk/common/topics/window_system_stub/Gnome-WaylandDesktopShellSupport136.html Nvidia still doesn't fully support Wayland]. Therefore, the possible solutions are as outlined in the link, or setting your WLR_BACKENDS environmental variables to <code>drm,libinput</code> or <code>x11</code> (add libinput here as well if you cannot use your mouse and keyboard after starting Sway). The latter also works for AMD/ATI cards ('''make sure to install libinput first''').


=== Sway socket not detected ===
== See Also ==
 
* [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/ Sway Wiki]
See [[Sway#Installation|Installation]] for instructions on how to set this environmental variable. This issue may occur with terminal multiplexers, such as [[Tmux terminal multiplexer|tmux]]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Sway Archwiki]
* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Sway Gentoo Wiki]
* [https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Sway PostmarketOS Wiki]


[[Category:Compositor]]
[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:Window Managers]]
[[Category:Wayland]]

Latest revision as of 09:47, 22 October 2024

Sway is a tiling Wayland compositor and a drop-in replacement for the i3 window manager. It works with your existing i3 configuration and supports most of i3's features, plus a few extras.

Note: Before installing any desktop,

Installation using setup-desktop

The Alpine Linux script for setting up a desktop quickly is setup-desktop.

# setup-desktop

On running the above command, you will be prompted to select a desktop environment.

Which desktop environment? ('gnome', 'plasma', 'xfce', 'mate', 'sway' or 'none') [none]

Once you have chosen a desktop environment, this script installs the chosen desktop along with all the necessary packages, firefox browser and adds the necessary services to run on startup. You can reboot when complete and the system will boot into a graphical login screen with the desktop environment. Depending on the desktop chosen, the script also activates the necessary services like dbus, elogind, login manager etc..

To view all the packages that are installed by the script for the chosen desktop you can issue the below command:

# cat /sbin/setup-desktop

Install appropriate video drivers for your hardware before you can launch sway. Without graphics drivers errors may occur.

Manual Installation

The below installation step allows you to pick and choose various componenents for your Sway Desktop.

Add a normal user

Use setup-user to add a non-system normal user for running Sway.

# setup-user

Set up eudev

eudev is recommended and required for Sway. Without it, sway cannot connect to input devices.

# setup-devd udev

Install Graphics Drivers

Many desktop environments need a graphics driver to work properly. Graphics cards of recent vintage need a driver to work. So one needs to install one of the below graphics drivers before installing a desktop:

Information about the video cards that are installed in the computer may be found using lspci command, which is not available by default. Refer the instructions to install pciutils package.

To identify the graphics card (the Subsystem output shows the specific model), issue the below command:

lspci -v | grep -A1 -e VGA -e 3D

Then, install an appropriate driver.

For details on legacy Xorg drivers refer Xorg page.

Setting up a seat manager

Wayland compositors need raw access to input and output devices. This is mediated by a seat manager. Using either seatd or elogind is supported. Using both may lead to conflicts.

Install seatd

See Seatd for the mandatory steps needed for sway to work with seatd.

Install elogind

See Elogind.

Install fonts

Install DejaVu fonts, which has good Unicode coverage:

# apk add font-dejavu

Install Sway

# apk add sway \ xwayland \ # if you need xserver foot \ # default terminal emulator. Modify $term in config for a different one. wmenu \ # default wayland native menu for choosing program and screensharing monitor swaylock swaylockd \ # lockscreen tool swaybg \ # display wallpaper grim \ # screenshot tool wl-clipboard \ # clipboard management i3status \ # simple status bar swayidle # idle management (DPMS) daemon

For complimentary software alternatives, see the relevant page from sway's wiki or this list at Gentoo Wiki.

Configuration

Copy default sway configuration to ~/.config:

$ mkdir -p ~/.config/sway $ cp /etc/sway/config ~/.config/sway/

Read through it to learn the default keybindings. Sway configuration is mostly backwards-compatible with that of i3 and if you are looking for a solution for a specific issue, you may also try checking if it hasn't been provided for i3WM.

For additional information, start at man 5 sway and read the upstream wiki.

Starting sway

One can launch sway by issuing the command sway from TTY.

$ sway

You can also sway with a greeter like greetd. In this case, to start sway session for the user, you might want to start a D-Bus session when the greetd session is started.

Contents of /etc/greetd/environments

# Launch Sway with a D-Bus server available, use: dbus-run-session -- sway

D-Bus is required for PipeWire and screensharing in Firefox and Chromium. Running with dbus-run-session is a convenience wrapper that will explicitly export the path of the session bus.

PipeWire and Screensharing

For audio playback, install PipeWire. The sway compositor has no involvement in audio playback.

For screen sharing, applications are split into two categories:

  • Those which use the native wayland protocol, wlr-screencopy
  • Those which use the API from Flatpak's xdg-desktop-portal (this portal is also used by native non-Flatpak applications).

Applications in the first group require no additional setup. Applications in the second group (which includes Firefox and Chromium) require setting up xdg portals in addition to PipeWire.

# apk add xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-wlr

Launch PipeWire with Sway. Use your service manager of choice, or add the following to sway config: 

 exec /usr/libexec/pipewire-launcher

If your are using automatic D-Bus activation, you also need to set DBus variables for the portal and screensharing features to work: 

exec dbus-update-activation-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway

Greetd

See greetd for an optional login manager.

Screen lock and suspend-to-RAM

If Elogind is not used, consider using powerctl.

Putting the system to sleep with elogind requires elevated privileges or additional configuration.

For details on configuring doas with elogind, see Elogind#Doas

To put the system to sleep after 600 seconds, use: 

exec swayidle -w timeout 600 'doas /bin/loginctl suspend'

loginctl suspend command will trigger the screenlock, as mentioned in the section Install elogind (optional) above.

Do not lock the screen if program is running in full screen: 

for_window [app_id="^.*"] inhibit_idle fullscreen

Elogind and swayidle

swayidle has integration with elogind and can handle before-sleep events.

If using swayidle before-sleep, there will be a race condition, so that when you resume the computer from suspend, the screen shows the contents of the unlocked screen for a second before showing the actual lock screen. This can be a privacy concern.

To solve this issue, do the following:

Create this file /etc/elogind/system-sleep/10-swaylock.sh, then add the following script to this file: 

#!/bin/sh
if [ "${1}" == "pre" ]; then
  touch /tmp/swaylock-sleep
  sleep 1
fi

Then set it to executable.

Later, once sway is installed, add the following line to sway config: 

exec touch /tmp/swaylock-sleep && inotifyd swaylock /tmp/swaylock-sleep

With this line, the screen will be promptly locked before suspend-to-RAM starts.

Brightness control

Controlling display backlight requires either the proper udev rules, or using some form of privilege escalation.

brightnessctl is a reliable alternative, although its default udev rules require too wide permissions (see #15409). You may need your own rules, or configure doas to allow running it as an unprivileged user.

Optionally enable brightnessctl service to restore brightness settings on reboot: 

rc-update add brightnessctl

Output scaling for high resolution displays

Without further configuration, program interfaces might be too small to use on high resolution displays.

Sway supports the per-display configuration of

  • fractional (e.g., 1.5x), and
  • integer scaling (e.g., 2x)

However, fractional scaling is discouraged due to both the performance impact and the blurry output it produces. In this case, where 1x scaling is too small and 2x scaling is too large, program-specific GTK/QT based scaling is recommended. See below.

To enable Sway scaling, the user can first preview different scaling factors with wdisplays package. Note the output name (eDP-1, LVDS-1) and try apply scaling factors such as 1 and 2. To make changes permanent, add below to ~/.config/sway/config. 

output <name> scale <factor>

To use toolkit scaling, use

# for GTK-based programs such as firefox and emacs: export GDK_DPI_SCALE=2 # for QT-based programs export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI="physical" # or if still too small, use a custom DPI export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI=192 # 2x scaling export QT_QPA_PLATFORM="wayland-egl"


Screenshots

A simple tool that works well under Wayland is Grimshot. Example keybindings: 

bindsym Print exec grimshot copy area
bindsym Shift+Print exec grimshot copy screen
bindsym Control+Print exec grimshot save area ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
bindsym Control+Shift+Print exec grimshot save screen ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png

See the sway wiki's article for a list of screenshot tools.

Make clipboard content persistent

By default the clipboard content does not persist after terminating the program: you copy some text from Firefox and then exit Firefox, the copied text is also lost.

Install clipman from testing repo and add the following to sway config: 

exec wl-paste --type text/plain --watch clipman store --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"
bindsym $mod+h exec clipman pick --tool wofi --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"

Firefox picture-in-picture mode/floating windows

Add this to your sway config file (modify the numeric values to suit your needs and your display): 

for_window [app_id="firefox" title="^Picture-in-Picture$"] floating enable, move position 877 450, sticky enable, border none

Start with NumLock enabled

Add this to your sway config file: 

input type:keyboard xkb_numlock enabled

Change mouse cursor theme and size

Add to your sway config: 

seat seat0 xcursor_theme my_cursor_theme my_cursor_size

For example, set a mouse cursor, using GNOME Adwaita theme: 

seat seat0 xcursor_theme Adwaita 16

You can inspect their values with echo $XCURSOR_SIZE and echo $XCURSOR_THEME. If reloading your config does not result in change, try logging out and in.

Note: Wayland allows for client-side cursors. It is possible that applications do not evaluate the values of $XCURSOR_SIZE and $XCURSOR_THEME.

Custom keyboard layout

To use custom keyboard layout, just use 

input type:keyboard {
  xkb_file /path/to/my/custom/layout
}

Changing default application fonts

See Fontconfig

Troubleshooting

If you encounter any issues, try running sway -Vc /etc/sway/config. It will run sway with the default config file and set the output to be more verbose. It is generally a good idea to track your config files with git (when and if at all you use a remote repository for them, keep it private for security reasons).

To capture the sway error log in a file for troubleshooting, replace sway in your startup file by sway -d 2> ~/sway_error.log.

Alternately, you can also issue the below command from TTY.

$ sway -d 2> ~/sway_error.log

Video Driver Issues

After installing sway, while launching it for the first time, lack of proper video drivers causes various error messages such as:

  • "unable to create backend"
  • "Failed to create renderer"

Do install necessary drivers for your graphics card for sway to work.

Flatpaks

Main article: Flatpak

Due to their sandboxing, flatpaks require the use of a portal frontend (xdg-desktop-portal) and backends (such as xdg-desktop-portal-wlr, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk, xdg-desktop-portal-gnome) that implement the methods. When in doubt, install multiple backends. For more information on backends, see flatpak's page on the subject. In addition to the steps under the "Firefox Screensharing" section, it may also be necessary to launch additional backends in your Sway config file. Otherwise, you may run into GDBus errors as your flatpak fails to interface with the portal. This can cause issues such as with opening your file directories from a flatpak application.

After installing different backends, you might need to add the relevant backends to your sway config file similarly to in the "Firefox Screensharing" section above. For example, an autostart section of your sway config file may include: 

exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome

This is only needed if they are not started automatically via other means.

Firefox (Flatpak) and/or GTK apps

Disappearing cursor

You may need to get an icon pack and possibly a theme from Pling store and set GTK_THEME environmental variable. Alternatively you can install a theme for all users (search Alpine Linux Packages for *-icon-theme) using apk add.

Missing file picker/cannot download

Go to about:config and set widget.use-xdg-desktop-portal.file-picker to 0.

Nvidia Issues

Main article: NVIDIA

As of Dec 31 2022, Nvidia still doesn't fully support Wayland. Therefore, the possible solutions are as outlined in the link, or setting your WLR_BACKENDS environmental variables to drm,libinput or x11 (add libinput here as well if you cannot use your mouse and keyboard after starting Sway). The latter also works for AMD/ATI cards (make sure to install libinput first).

See Also

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