Alpine setup scripts: Difference between revisions

From Alpine Linux
(added heading and content setup-wayland-base)
 
(66 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Feature descriptions for available Alpine Linux setup scripts ({{Path|/sbin/setup-*}}).
Feature descriptions for available Alpine Linux setup scripts ({{Path|/sbin/setup-*}}).


These scripts can be installed from alpine-conf package using apk.
These scripts can be installed by using <code>apk</code> to install the <code>alpine-conf</code> package.


(Some particular example usages can be seen at [[Alpine_newbie_install_manual#Ways_to_install_Alpine_into_machines_or_virtuals|Alpine for new users install manuals]].)
If you don't have an Alpine Linux install, you can find and examine the scripts in their [https://github.com/alpinelinux/alpine-conf git repository].


== setup-alpine ==
== setup-alpine ==
Line 12: Line 12:


The bracketed options represent example configuration choices, formatted as they may be supplied when manually calling the auxiliary setup scripts, or using a <code>setup-alpine</code> "answerfile" (see below).
The bracketed options represent example configuration choices, formatted as they may be supplied when manually calling the auxiliary setup scripts, or using a <code>setup-alpine</code> "answerfile" (see below).


# <code>setup-keymap</code> [us us]
# <code>setup-keymap</code> [us us]
# [[#setup-hostname|setup-hostname]] [-n alpine-test]
# [[#setup-hostname|setup-hostname]] [-n alpine-test]
# [[#setup-interfaces|setup-interfaces]] [-i < interfaces-file]
# [[#setup-interfaces|setup-interfaces]] [-i < interfaces-file]
# <code>/etc/init.d/networking --quiet start &</code>
# <code>rc-service networking --quiet start &</code>
# if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then: <code>[[#setup-dns|setup-dns]]</code> [-d example.com -n "192.168.0.1 [...]"]
# if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then: <code>[[#setup-dns|setup-dns]]</code> [-d example.com -n "192.168.0.1 [...]"]
# set the root password
# set the root password
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-timezone|setup-timezone]]</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-timezone|setup-timezone]]</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
# enable the new hostname (<code>/etc/init.d/hostname --quiet restart</code>)
# enable the new hostname (<code>rc-service hostname --quiet restart</code>)
# add <code>networking</code> and <code>urandom</code> to the '''boot''' rc level, and <code>acpid</code> and <code>cron</code> to the '''default''' rc level, and start the '''boot''' and '''default''' rc services
# add <code>networking</code> and <code>seedrng</code> (also referred to as <code>urandom</code> in versions prior to OpenRC 0.45) to the '''boot''' rc level, and <code>acpid</code> and <code>crond</code> to the '''default''' rc level, and start the '''boot''' and '''default''' rc services
# extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}} and <code>hostname</code>, and update {{Path|/etc/hosts}}
# extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}} and <code>hostname</code>, and update {{Path|/etc/hosts}}
# <code>[[#setup-proxy|setup-proxy]]</code> [-q <nowiki>"http://webproxy:8080"</nowiki>], and activate proxy if it was configured
# <code>[[#setup-proxy|setup-proxy]]</code> [-q <nowiki>"http://webproxy:8080"</nowiki>], and activate proxy if it was configured
# <code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-r (to select a mirror randomly)]
# <code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-r (to select a mirror randomly)]
# [[#setup-user|setup-user]]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-sshd|setup-sshd]]</code> [-c openssh | dropbear | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-sshd|setup-sshd]]</code> [-c openssh | dropbear | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>setup-ntp</code> [-c chrony | openntpd | busybox | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>setup-ntp</code> [-c chrony | openntpd | busybox | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>DEFAULT_DISK=none</code> <code>[[#setup-disk|setup-disk]]</code> <code>-q</code> [-m data /dev/sda] (see [[Installation#Installation_Overview]] about the disk modes)
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>DEFAULT_DISK=none</code> <code>[[#setup-disk|setup-disk]]</code> <code>-q</code> [-m data /dev/sda] (see [[Installation#Installation_Overview]] about the disk modes)
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-lbu</code> [/media/sdb1]
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-lbu</code> [{{Path|/media/sdb1}}]
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-apkcache</code> [/media/sdb1/cache | none]
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-apkcache</code> [{{Path|/media/sdb1/cache}} | none]




<code>setup-alpine</code> itself accepts the following command-line switches
<code>setup-alpine</code> itself accepts the following command-line switches:


{{Define|-h|Shows the up-to-date usage help message.}}
{{Define|-h|Shows the up-to-date usage help message.}}
Line 39: Line 39:
{{Define|-a|Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.}}
{{Define|-a|Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.}}
;-c <var>answerfile</var>
;-c <var>answerfile</var>
:Create a new "answerfile", with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke <code>setup-alpine -f <var>answerfile</var></code>.
:Create a new answerfile with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke <code>setup-alpine -f <var>answerfile</var></code>.
;-f <var>answerfile</var>
;-f <var>answerfile</var>
:Use an existing "answerfile", which may override some or all of the interactive prompts.
:Use an existing answerfile, which may override some or all of the interactive prompts. You can also specify a HTTP(S) or FTP URL for <code>setup-alpine</code> to [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/alpine-conf/-/merge_requests/22 download] an answerfile from. Doing so will spin up a temporary networking config if one is not already active.
{{Define|-q|Run in "quick mode".}}
{{Define|-q|Run in "quick mode".}}


 
<br>


== setup-hostname ==
== setup-hostname ==
Line 58: Line 58:
This script allows quick and easy setup of the system hostname by writing it to {{Path|/etc/hostname}}.  The script prevents you from writing an invalid hostname (such as one that used invalid characters or starts with a '-' or is too long).
This script allows quick and easy setup of the system hostname by writing it to {{Path|/etc/hostname}}.  The script prevents you from writing an invalid hostname (such as one that used invalid characters or starts with a '-' or is too long).
The script can be invoked manually or is called as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
The script can be invoked manually or is called as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
<br>


== setup-interfaces ==
== setup-interfaces ==
Line 64: Line 66:
Note that the contents of <var>interfaces-file</var> has to be supplied as stdin, rather than naming the file as an additional argument. The contents should have the format of {{Path|/etc/network/interfaces}}, such as:
Note that the contents of <var>interfaces-file</var> has to be supplied as stdin, rather than naming the file as an additional argument. The contents should have the format of {{Path|/etc/network/interfaces}}, such as:


auto lo
{{Cat|/etc/network/interfaces|auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface lo inet loopback
 
auto eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet dhcp
    hostname alpine-test
    hostname alpine-test
}}


== setup-dns ==
== setup-dns ==
Line 91: Line 94:
Example {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}:
Example {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}:


search example.org
{{Cat|/etc/resolv.conf|search example.org
nameserver 192.168.0.1
nameserver 192.168.0.1
}}


It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script unless interfaces are configured for DHCP.
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script unless interfaces are configured for DHCP.
<br>


== setup-timezone ==
== setup-timezone ==
:<code>setup-timezone</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
:<code>setup-timezone</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]


Line 104: Line 111:


'''-p''' <var>POSIX TZ format</var>
'''-p''' <var>POSIX TZ format</var>
To manually change the time-zone, see [[Setting the timezone]].


== setup-proxy ==
== setup-proxy ==
:<code>setup-proxy</code> [-hq] [PROXYURL]
:<code>setup-proxy</code> [-hq] [PROXYURL]


Line 115: Line 125:


This script requests the system proxy to use in the form <code>http://<proxyurl>:<port></code> for example:
This script requests the system proxy to use in the form <code>http://<proxyurl>:<port></code> for example:
<code>http://10.0.0.1:8080</code>
<code><nowiki>http://10.0.0.1:8080</nowiki></code>


To set no system proxy use <code>none</code>.
To set no system proxy use <code>none</code>.
Line 128: Line 138:
where <code>$proxyurl</code> is the value input.   
where <code>$proxyurl</code> is the value input.   
If <code>none</code> was chosen then the value it is set to a blank value (and so no proxy is used).
If <code>none</code> was chosen then the value it is set to a blank value (and so no proxy is used).
<br>
== setup-apkrepos ==
:<code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-fhr] [REPO...]
Setup <code>apk</code> repositories.
options:
'''-c'''  <var>Enable the community repo</var>
'''-f'''  <var>Detect and add fastest mirror</var>
'''-h'''  <var>Show help</var>
'''-r'''  <var>Add a random mirror and do not prompt</var>
'''-1'''  <var>Add first mirror on the list (normally a CDN)</var>
This is run as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
<br>
== setup-user ==
:<code>setup-user</code> [-h] [-a] [-u] [-f FULLNAME] [-g GROUPS] [-k SSHKEY] [USERNAME]
Options:
'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>
'''-a''' <var>Create admin user. Add to wheel group and setup doas.</var>
'''-u''' <var>Unlock the user automatically (eg. create the user non-interactively with an ssh key for login)</var>
'''-f''' <var>Set the full name for the user</var>
'''-g''' <var>Comma or space separated list of groups to add user to</var>
'''-k''' <var>ssh key or URL to ssh key (eg. https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/user.keys) or <code>none</code> for no key</var>
If USERNAME is not specified user will be prompted.
The setup-user script is stored in {{Path|/sbin/setup-user}} and allows quick and simple setup of user accounts.
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
<br>


== setup-sshd ==
== setup-sshd ==
Line 150: Line 209:
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.


== setup-apkrepos ==
<br>
:<code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-fhr] [REPO...]
 
== setup-ntp ==
 
''From [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol Wikipedia]'':
 
The '''Network Time Protocol (NTP)''' is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.
 
<br>
 
{{Cmd|usage: setup-ntp [-h] [busybox{{!}}openntpd{{!}}chrony{{!}}none]


Setup <code>apk</code> repositories.
Setup NTP time synchronization


options:
options:
-h  Show this help


'''-f''' <var>Detect and add fastest mirror</var>
  User is prompted if no NTP daemon is specified}}


'''-r'''  <var>Add a random mirror and do not prompt</var>
<code>setup-ntp</code> script is stored in {{Path|/sbin/setup-ntp}} and allows quick and simple setup of the NTP client,
 
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
'''-1'''  <var>Add first mirror on the list (normally a CDN)</var>


This is run as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.
<br>


== setup-disk ==
== setup-disk ==


:<code>DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q</code> [-m data | sys] [<var>mountpoint directory</var> | /dev/sda ...]
:<code>DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q</code> [-m data | sys] [<var>mountpoint directory</var> | {{Path|/dev/sda}} ...]


In "sys" mode, it's an installer, it permanently installs Alpine on the disk, in "data" mode, it provides a larger and persistent /var volume.
In "sys" mode, it's an installer, it permanently installs Alpine Linux on the disk, in "data" mode, it provides a larger and persistent {{Path|/var}} volume.


This script accepts the following command-line switches:
This script accepts the following command-line switches:
Line 185: Line 253:
{{Define|-v|Verbose mode}}
{{Define|-v|Verbose mode}}


The script also honors the following environment variables:
The script honors the following [[#Environment Variables|environment variables]]:


<code>BOOT_SIZE</code>
=== Environment Variables ===
:Size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.


<code>SWAP_SIZE</code>
The following environment variables can be combined and used.
:Size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.


<code>ROOTFS</code>
If <code>BOOTLOADER</code> is specified, the specified bootloader will be used.
:Filesystem to use for the / volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
If no bootloader is specified, the default bootloader is syslinux(extlinux)
except when EFI is detected or explicitly set by <code>USE_EFI</code> which will select grub.
Supported bootloaders are: grub, syslinux


<code>BOOTFS</code>
If <code>KERNELOPTS</code> is specified, it will be appended to the kernel boot parameters.
:Filesystem to use for the /boot volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
Default is: quiet


<code>VARFS</code>
If <code>DISKLABEL</code> is specified, the specified partition label will be used.
:Filesystem to use for the /var volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m data''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
if no partition label is specified, the default label will be dos
except when EFI is detected or explicitly set by <code>USE_EFI</code> which will select gpt.
Supported partition labels are: dos, gpt


<code>SYSROOT</code>
If <code>BOOTFS</code>, <code>ROOTFS</code>, <code>VARFS</code> are specified, then format a partition with specified filesystem. If not specified, the default filesystem is ext4. <code>VARFS</code> is used, only if '''-m data''' is specified or interactively selected whereas <code>BOOTFS</code> and <code>ROOTFS</code> are used only if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.
:Mountpoint to use when creating volumes and doing traditional disk install ('''-m sys'''). Defaults to {{Path|/mnt}}.


<code>MBR</code>
Supported filesystems for
:Path of MBR binary code, defaults to {{Path|/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin}}.
  boot: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs, vfat(EFI)
  root: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs
  var : ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs


<code>BOOTLOADER</code>
If <code>BOOT_SIZE</code> is specified, sets the size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.
:Bootloader to use, defaults to syslinux. Supported bootloaders are: grub syslinux zipl.


<code>DISKLABEL</code>
If <code>SWAP_SIZE</code> is specified, sets the size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.
:Disklabel to use, defaults to dos. Supported disklabels are: dos gpt eckd.


<!-- Writes to /tmp/ovlfiles, /tmp/alpine-install-diskmode.out, and /tmp/sfdisk.out but that never seems to be used elsewhere. -->
If <code>SYSROOT</code> is specified, sets the Mountpoint to use when creating volumes and doing traditional disk install ('''-m sys'''). Defaults to {{Path|/mnt}}.


If <code>MBR</code> is specified, sets the Path of MBR binary code, defaults to {{Path|/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin}}.


<!-- Writes to /tmp/ovlfiles, /tmp/alpine-install-diskmode.out, and /tmp/sfdisk.out but that never seems to be used elsewhere. -->
=== Partitioning ===
=== Partitioning ===
 
{{Main|Setting up disks manually}}
If you have complex partitioning needs, that go beyond above alpine-disk options, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, and then just supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>. Doing so implicitly behaves as though '''-m sys''' had also been specified.
If you have complex partitioning needs, that go beyond [[#Environment Variables|environment variables]] for <code>setup-alpine</code>, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, and then just supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>. Doing so implicitly behaves as though '''-m sys''' had also been specified.
 
See [[Setting up disks manually]] for more information.
 


==== RAID ====
==== RAID ====
<code>setup-disk</code> will automatically build a RAID array if you supply the '''-r''' switch, or if you specify more than one device. The array will always be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_1 RAID1] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-0.90_Superblock_Format --metadata=0.90]) for the /boot volumes, but will be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_5 RAID5] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-1_Superblock_Format --metadata=1.2] for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied.
<code>setup-disk</code> will automatically build a RAID array if you supply the '''-r''' switch, or if you specify more than one device. The array will always be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_1 RAID1] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-0.90_Superblock_Format --metadata=0.90]) for the {{Path|/boot}} volumes, but will be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_5 RAID5] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-1_Superblock_Format --metadata=1.2] for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied.


If you instead want to build your RAID array manually, see [[Setting up a software RAID array]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.
If you instead want to build your RAID array manually, see [[Setting up a software RAID array]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.
Line 243: Line 311:
If you instead want to build your LVM system manually, see [[Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.
If you instead want to build your LVM system manually, see [[Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.


<!--
<br>
=Setup-Disk Usage=
 
usage: setup-disk [-hqr] [-k kernelflavor] [-m MODE] [-o apkovl] [-s SWAPSIZE]
  [MOUNTPOINT | DISKDEV...]
 
Install alpine on harddisk.
 
If MOUNTPOINT is specified, then do a traditional disk install with MOUNTPOINT
as root.
 
If DISKDEV is specified, then use the specified disk(s) without asking. If
multiple disks are specified then set them up in a RAID array. If there are
mode than 2 disks, then use raid level 5 instead of raid level 1.
 
options:
-h  Show this help
-m  Use disk for MODE without asking, where MODE is either 'data' or 'root'
-o  Restore system from given apkovl file
-k  Use kernelflavor instead of $KERNEL_FLAVOR
-L  Use LVM to manage partitions
-q  Exit quietly if no disks are found
-r  Enable software RAID1 with single disk
-s  Use SWAPSIZE MB instead of $SWAP_SIZE MB for swap (Use 0 to disable swap)
-v  Be more verbose about what is happening
 
 
==Disk Install Styles==
 
You can select between 'sys' or 'data'.
 
sys:
  This mode is a traditional disk install. The following partitions will be
  created on the disk: /boot, / (filesystem root) and swap.
   
  This mode may be used for development boxes, desktops, virtual servers, etc.
 
data:
  This mode uses your disk(s) for data storage, not for the operating system.
  The system itself will run from tmpfs (RAM).
 
  Use this mode if you only want to use the disk(s) for a mailspool, databases,
  logs, etc.
 
none:
  Run without installing to disk.
 
-->


== setup-lbu ==
== setup-lbu ==
Line 299: Line 320:


When started, <code>setup-lbu</code> will prompt where to store your data. The options it will prompt for will be taken from the directories found in <code>/media</code> (except for <code>cdrom</code>). [not sure how these are mounted: are they automatically mounted by setup-lbu? Does the user have to manually mount using another tty?]
When started, <code>setup-lbu</code> will prompt where to store your data. The options it will prompt for will be taken from the directories found in <code>/media</code> (except for <code>cdrom</code>). [not sure how these are mounted: are they automatically mounted by setup-lbu? Does the user have to manually mount using another tty?]
<br>


== setup-apkcache ==
== setup-apkcache ==
Line 307: Line 330:


You should be able to use a partition that you set up in the previous steps.
You should be able to use a partition that you set up in the previous steps.
<br>


== setup-bootable ==
== setup-bootable ==
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


It allows to create boot media that boots the system running from RAM memory (diskless) like the installation images, but uses a writable (i.e. not iso9660) filesystem. So that it can also serve to store local customizations (e.g. apkovl files and cached packages).  
It allows to create boot media that boots the system running from RAM memory (diskless) like the installation images, but using a writable (i.e. not iso9660) filesystem. So that it can also serve to store local customizations (e.g. apkovl files and cached packages).  


The script first copies files from an ISO image (as file on a CD/DVD/USB etc.) onto a USB-Stick/CompactFlash/SDCard etc., or harddisk partition. And then installs the syslinux bootloader to make the device bootable.
First, the script copies files from an ISO image (as file on a CD/DVD/USB etc.) onto a USB-Stick/CompactFlash/SDCard etc., or harddisk partition. And then, it installs the syslinux bootloader to make the device bootable.
 
However, its currently syslinux installation seems to fail on non-FAT partitions, so, you may use <code>setup-bootable</code> with the <code>-u</code> option to skip the syslinux install and use another bootloader method.
 
{{Tip| The [[Bootloaders]] page shows different ways to setup booting and multi-boot menus.}} 


However, its current syslinux installation seems to fail on non-FAT32 partitions. So in these cases, you may start over with a FAT32 filesystem, or rather with the desired filesystem and using <code>setup-bootable</code> only with the <code>-u</code> option, to skip the syslinux install, and then refer to the [[Create_a_Bootable_Device#Manually_copying_Alpine_files|manual method]] to fix the problem, or use one of the other bootloader options, instead.


{{Tip| The [[Bootloaders]] page shows different ways to setup booting, and multi-boot menus!}} 


The setup-bootable script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run <code>setup-bootable -h</code> to see a usage message).
The setup-bootable script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run <code>setup-bootable -h</code> to see a usage message).
Line 335: Line 358:
The script will ensure that <var>source</var> and <var>dest</var> are available; will copy the contents of <var>source</var> to <var>dest</var>, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless '''-u''' was specified, will make <var>dest</var> bootable.
The script will ensure that <var>source</var> and <var>dest</var> are available; will copy the contents of <var>source</var> to <var>dest</var>, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless '''-u''' was specified, will make <var>dest</var> bootable.


Suppose the target device is {{Path|/dev/sdXY}}, then this partition can be prepared for booting with
 
{{Cmd|# setup-bootable -v /media/<installation-media-device> /dev/sdXY
For other ways to set up boot media (manually) see [[Create a Bootable USB#Creating_a_bootable_Alpine_Linux_USB_Stick_from_the_command_line|Creating a bootable Alpine Linux USB Stick from the command line]].
}}
 
<!--
== setup-cryptswap ==
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


:<code>setup-cryptswap</code> [<var>partition</var> | none]
For the manual way to set up boot media see [[Create_a_Bootable_Device#Manually_copying_Alpine_files|Manually_copying_Alpine_files]].


{{Todo|Does this script still work? At what stage can it be run: only after setup-alpine?}}
<br>
-->


== setup-xorg-base ==
== setup-xorg-base ==
 
{{Seealso|Xorg}}
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


It configures a graphical environment with basic Xorg packages and udev (replacing mdev), and is also required for Wayland sessions.
It configures a graphical environment, installing basic Xorg packages and [[eudev]] (replacing [[mdev]]), and is also required for Wayland sessions, if Xwayland is used.


The script installs, e.g. among other packages: <code>xorg-server xf86-video-vesa xf86-input-evdev xf86-input-mouse xf86-input-keyboard udev</code>.
The script installs, among other packages, e.g.: <code>xorg-server xf86-input-libinput xinit eudev</code>.


Additional packages to install may be supplied as arguments to <code>setup-xorg-base</code>.
Additional packages to install may be supplied as arguments.
{{cmd|setup-xorg-base [additional package(s) to install]}}


For example, if you only want to start the graphical environment manually, from the command line, instead of running a display manager (service), you may add <code>xinit</code>.
== setup-wayland-base  ==
{{Seealso|Wayland}}
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


usage: setup-wayland-base [-h] [PKG..]


==== Video packages ====
Set up system to use Wayland
You will most likely want to install driver packages with specific support for your video chipset. Otherwise, X will resort to the rather slow and cumbersome VESA standard driver.


Info about the particular video cards that are installed in the computer may be found in the list of PCI devices:
options:
{{cmd|# apk add pciutils
-h  Show this help
$ lspci}}


To see available video driver packages run:
Installs the packages {{pkg|elogind}}, {{pkg|polkit-elogind}} and  {{pkg|eudev}}, enables community repository, enables the service for eudev and install the packages PKG if specified.
{{cmd|$ apk search xf86-video}}


For example,
== setup-desktop ==
* For an Sis video chipset install 'xf86-video-sis'.
{{Cmd|# apk add xf86-video-sis}}


Others:
This script is used to set up a desktop environment. This is a replacement for the now-removed <code>alpine-desktop</code> package.
* For Intel video chipsets install 'xf86-video-intel' and see [[Intel Video]].
{{:Include:Setup-desktop}}
* For AMD Radeon Video see [[Radeon_Video]]
* For Alix1D use xf86-video-geode.
* In KVM/Qemu guests see [[Qemu#Using_Xorg_inside_Qemu|Xorg within KVM/Qemu]]
* In Virtualbox guests use xf86-video-vboxvideo, and install the [[VirtualBox_guest_additions|VirtualBox guest additions]] as well. They contain important parts for the driver.
* In VMware guests use xf86-video-vmware
* In Hyper-V guests use xf86-video-fbdev and install the [[Hyper-V_guest_services|Hyper-V guest services]] as well.


==== Input packages ====
== Documentation needed ==


To search for xf86-input driver packages run:
=== setup-xen-dom0 ===
{{cmd|$ apk search xf86-input}}


As good choice for the start is:
<br>


{{cmd|# apk add xf86-input-mouse xf86-input-keyboard}}
=== setup-mta ===
Uses ssmtp.


And for touchpad tapping support on many laptops, also:
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


{{Cmd|# apk add xf86-input-synaptics}}
<br>


Also libinput is a good choice, as it's integrated best with GNOME and offers advanced functionality (e.g. palm rejection for touchpads).
=== setup-acf ===
:<code>setup-acf</code> [-ahn] [-e email] [-l address] [PACKAGE...]


{{cmd|# apk add xf86-input-libinput}}
Options:


If the <b>Numlock</b> service is added but does not start, or if <b>'setleds not found'</b> appears during the boot sequence:
'''-a''' <var>Which acf-* packages to install</var>  


{{cmd|# apk add kbd}}
'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>


==== Configure xorg-server (optional) ====
'''-n''' <var>Don't create {{path|/etc/acf/passwd}}</var>


On most systems, xorg should be able to autodetect all devices. However you can still configure xorg-server by hand by launching:
'''-e''' <var>email address (for TLS certificate)</var>
{{Cmd|# Xorg -configure}}
This will create a `/root/xorg.conf.new` file. You can modify this file to fit your needs.<BR>
(When finished modifying and testing the above configuration file, move it to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` for normal usage.)


==== Keyboard Layout (optional) ====
'''-l''' <var>hostname for mini_httpd</var>
 
If you use a keyboard layout different than "us", and you are using a window manager or desktop environment that does not support to configure the keyboard layout itself, then you need to
 
* [[Enable_Community_Repository#Using_community_repositories|Enable the "community" repository]]
 
and install setxkbmap:
 
{{Cmd|# apk add setxkbmap}}
 
Then try
# setxkbmap <%a language layout from /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst%>
 
 
In order to make it persistent add this section to /etc/X11/xorg.conf:
{{Cmd|Section "InputClass"
Identifier "Keyboard Default"
MatchIsKeyboard "yes"
Option "XkbLayout" "<%a language layout from /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst%>"
EndSection
}}
 
 
Another way to change the keymap when logging into X is to use ~/.xinitrc.  The following example loads a British keymap, simply add this line to the beginning of the file:
<code>setxkbmap gb &</code>
 
 
If you need to create the ~/.xinitrc file, you may also want to add a second line like <code>exec openbox-session</code> to start the window manager with <code>startx</code> or <code>xinit</code>.
 
== Documentation needed ==
 
=== setup-xen-dom0 ===
 
=== setup-gparted-desktop ===
Uses openbox.
 
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.
 
=== setup-mta ===
Uses ssmtp.
 
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.
 
=== setup-acf ===
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.


Line 462: Line 429:
See [[:Category:ACF|ACF pages]] for more information.
See [[:Category:ACF|ACF pages]] for more information.


=== setup-ntp ===
= See also =
 
* [[Installation]]
 
* [[Installation#Post-Install|Post Install]]
= =
* [https://docs.alpinelinux.org/ beta.docs.alpinelinux.org]


[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Latest revision as of 06:41, 22 November 2024

Feature descriptions for available Alpine Linux setup scripts (/sbin/setup-*).

These scripts can be installed by using apk to install the alpine-conf package.

If you don't have an Alpine Linux install, you can find and examine the scripts in their git repository.

setup-alpine

This is the main Alpine configuration and installation script.

The script interactively walks the user through executing several auxiliary setup-* scripts, in the order shown below.

The bracketed options represent example configuration choices, formatted as they may be supplied when manually calling the auxiliary setup scripts, or using a setup-alpine "answerfile" (see below).

  1. setup-keymap [us us]
  2. setup-hostname [-n alpine-test]
  3. setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]
  4. rc-service networking --quiet start &
  5. if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then: setup-dns [-d example.com -n "192.168.0.1 [...]"]
  6. set the root password
  7. if not in quick mode, then: setup-timezone [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
  8. enable the new hostname (rc-service hostname --quiet restart)
  9. add networking and seedrng (also referred to as urandom in versions prior to OpenRC 0.45) to the boot rc level, and acpid and crond to the default rc level, and start the boot and default rc services
  10. extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from /etc/resolv.conf and hostname, and update /etc/hosts
  11. setup-proxy [-q "http://webproxy:8080"], and activate proxy if it was configured
  12. setup-apkrepos [-r (to select a mirror randomly)]
  13. setup-user
  14. if not in quick mode, then: setup-sshd [-c openssh | dropbear | none]
  15. if not in quick mode, then: setup-ntp [-c chrony | openntpd | busybox | none]
  16. if not in quick mode, then: DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q [-m data /dev/sda] (see Installation#Installation_Overview about the disk modes)
  17. if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: setup-lbu [/media/sdb1]
  18. if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: setup-apkcache [/media/sdb1/cache | none]


setup-alpine itself accepts the following command-line switches:

-h
Shows the up-to-date usage help message.

-a
Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.

-c answerfile
Create a new answerfile with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke setup-alpine -f answerfile.
-f answerfile
Use an existing answerfile, which may override some or all of the interactive prompts. You can also specify a HTTP(S) or FTP URL for setup-alpine to download an answerfile from. Doing so will spin up a temporary networking config if one is not already active.

-q
Run in "quick mode".


setup-hostname

setup-hostname [-h] [-n hostname]

Options:

-h Show help

-n Specify hostname

This script allows quick and easy setup of the system hostname by writing it to /etc/hostname. The script prevents you from writing an invalid hostname (such as one that used invalid characters or starts with a '-' or is too long). The script can be invoked manually or is called as part of the setup-alpine script.


setup-interfaces

setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]

Note that the contents of interfaces-file has to be supplied as stdin, rather than naming the file as an additional argument. The contents should have the format of /etc/network/interfaces, such as:

Contents of /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp hostname alpine-test

setup-dns

setup-dns [-h] [-d domain name] [-n name server]

Options:

-h Show help

-d specify search domain name

-n name server IP

The setup-dns script is stored in /sbin/setup-dns and allows quick and simple setup of DNS servers (and a DNS search domain if required). Simply running setup-dns will allow interactive use of the script, or the options can be specified.

The information fed to this script is written to /etc/resolv.conf

Example usage (with 192.168.0.1 being the local router/dns-forwarder):

setup-dns -d example.org -n 192.168.0.1

Example /etc/resolv.conf:

Contents of /etc/resolv.conf

search example.org nameserver 192.168.0.1

It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine script unless interfaces are configured for DHCP.


setup-timezone

setup-timezone [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]

Can pre-select the timezone using either of these switches:

-z subfolder of /usr/share/zoneinfo

-p POSIX TZ format

To manually change the time-zone, see Setting the timezone.

setup-proxy

setup-proxy [-hq] [PROXYURL]

Options:

-h Show help

-q Quiet mode prevents changes from taking effect until after reboot

This script requests the system proxy to use in the form http://<proxyurl>:<port> for example: http://10.0.0.1:8080

To set no system proxy use none. This script exports the following environmental variables:

http_proxy=$proxyurl

https_proxy=$proxyurl

ftp_proxy=$proxyurl

where $proxyurl is the value input. If none was chosen then the value it is set to a blank value (and so no proxy is used).


setup-apkrepos

setup-apkrepos [-fhr] [REPO...]

Setup apk repositories.

options:

-c Enable the community repo

-f Detect and add fastest mirror

-h Show help

-r Add a random mirror and do not prompt

-1 Add first mirror on the list (normally a CDN)

This is run as part of the setup-alpine script.


setup-user

setup-user [-h] [-a] [-u] [-f FULLNAME] [-g GROUPS] [-k SSHKEY] [USERNAME]

Options:

-h Show help

-a Create admin user. Add to wheel group and setup doas.

-u Unlock the user automatically (eg. create the user non-interactively with an ssh key for login)

-f Set the full name for the user

-g Comma or space separated list of groups to add user to

-k ssh key or URL to ssh key (eg. https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/user.keys) or none for no key

If USERNAME is not specified user will be prompted.

The setup-user script is stored in /sbin/setup-user and allows quick and simple setup of user accounts. It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine script.


setup-sshd

setup-sshd [-h] [-c choice of SSH daemon]

Options:

-h Show help

-c SSH daemon where SSH daemon can be one of the following:

openssh install the openSSH daemon

dropbear install the dropbear daemon

none Do not install an SSH daemon

Example usage:

setup-sshd -c dropbear

The setup-sshd script is stored in /sbin/setup-sshd and allows quick and simple setup of either the OpenSSH or Dropbear SSH daemon & client. It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine script.


setup-ntp

From Wikipedia:

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.


usage: setup-ntp [-h] [busybox|openntpd|chrony|none] Setup NTP time synchronization options: -h Show this help User is prompted if no NTP daemon is specified

setup-ntp script is stored in /sbin/setup-ntp and allows quick and simple setup of the NTP client, It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine script.


setup-disk

DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q [-m data | sys] [mountpoint directory | /dev/sda ...]

In "sys" mode, it's an installer, it permanently installs Alpine Linux on the disk, in "data" mode, it provides a larger and persistent /var volume.

This script accepts the following command-line switches:

-k kernel flavor
-o apkovl file
Restore system from apkovl file
-m data | sys
Don't prompt for installation mode. With -m data, the supplied devices are formatted to use as a /var volume.

-r
Use RAID1 with a single disk (degraded mode)

-L
Create and use volumes in a LVM group

-s swap size in MB
Use 0 to disable swap

-q
Exit quietly if no disks are found

-v
Verbose mode

The script honors the following environment variables:

Environment Variables

The following environment variables can be combined and used.

If BOOTLOADER is specified, the specified bootloader will be used. If no bootloader is specified, the default bootloader is syslinux(extlinux) except when EFI is detected or explicitly set by USE_EFI which will select grub. Supported bootloaders are: grub, syslinux

If KERNELOPTS is specified, it will be appended to the kernel boot parameters. Default is: quiet

If DISKLABEL is specified, the specified partition label will be used. if no partition label is specified, the default label will be dos except when EFI is detected or explicitly set by USE_EFI which will select gpt. Supported partition labels are: dos, gpt

If BOOTFS, ROOTFS, VARFS are specified, then format a partition with specified filesystem. If not specified, the default filesystem is ext4. VARFS is used, only if -m data is specified or interactively selected whereas BOOTFS and ROOTFS are used only if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.

Supported filesystems for 

 boot: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs, vfat(EFI)
 root: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs
 var : ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, xfs

If BOOT_SIZE is specified, sets the size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.

If SWAP_SIZE is specified, sets the size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.

If SYSROOT is specified, sets the Mountpoint to use when creating volumes and doing traditional disk install (-m sys). Defaults to /mnt.

If MBR is specified, sets the Path of MBR binary code, defaults to /usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin.

Partitioning

Main article: Setting up disks manually

If you have complex partitioning needs, that go beyond environment variables for setup-alpine, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, and then just supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk. Doing so implicitly behaves as though -m sys had also been specified.

RAID

setup-disk will automatically build a RAID array if you supply the -r switch, or if you specify more than one device. The array will always be RAID1 (and --metadata=0.90) for the /boot volumes, but will be RAID5 (and --metadata=1.2 for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied.

If you instead want to build your RAID array manually, see Setting up a software RAID array. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk.

LVM

setup-disk will automatically build and use volumes in a LVM group if you supply the -L switch. The group and volumes created by the script will have the following names:

  • volume group: vg0
  • swap volume: lv_swap (only created when swap size > 0)
  • root volume: lv_root (only created when -m sys is specified or interactively selected)
  • var volume: lv_var (only created when -m data is specified or interactively selected)

The lv_var or lv_root volumes are created to occupy all remaining space in the volume group.

If you need to change any of these settings, you can use vgrename, lvrename, lvreduce or lvresize.

If you instead want to build your LVM system manually, see Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk.


setup-lbu

This script will only be invoked for by setup-alpine when installing data installation types (ramdisk)

It configures where lbu commit will store the .apkovl backup. See Alpine local backup for more information.

When started, setup-lbu will prompt where to store your data. The options it will prompt for will be taken from the directories found in /media (except for cdrom). [not sure how these are mounted: are they automatically mounted by setup-lbu? Does the user have to manually mount using another tty?]


setup-apkcache

This script will only be invoked for by setup-alpine when installing data installation types (ramdisk)

It configures where to save the apk package files. The apkcache is where apk stores downloaded packages, such that the system does not need to download them again on each reboot, and doesn't have to depend on the network. See Local APK cache for a detailed explanation.

You should be able to use a partition that you set up in the previous steps.


setup-bootable

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

It allows to create boot media that boots the system running from RAM memory (diskless) like the installation images, but using a writable (i.e. not iso9660) filesystem. So that it can also serve to store local customizations (e.g. apkovl files and cached packages).

First, the script copies files from an ISO image (as file on a CD/DVD/USB etc.) onto a USB-Stick/CompactFlash/SDCard etc., or harddisk partition. And then, it installs the syslinux bootloader to make the device bootable.

However, its current syslinux installation seems to fail on non-FAT32 partitions. So in these cases, you may start over with a FAT32 filesystem, or rather with the desired filesystem and using setup-bootable only with the -u option, to skip the syslinux install, and then refer to the manual method to fix the problem, or use one of the other bootloader options, instead.

Tip: The Bootloaders page shows different ways to setup booting, and multi-boot menus!

The setup-bootable script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run setup-bootable -h to see a usage message).

setup-bootable source [dest]

The argument source can be a directory or an ISO (will be mounted to MNT or /mnt) or a URL (will be downloaded with WGET or wget). The argument dest can be a directory mountpoint, or will default to /media/usb if not supplied.

-k
Keep alpine_dev in syslinux.cfg; otherwise, replace with UUID.

-u
Upgrade mode: keep existing syslinux.cfg and don't run syslinux

-f
Overwrite syslinux.cfg even if -u was specified.

-s
Force the running of syslinux even if -u was specified.

-v
Verbose mode

The script will ensure that source and dest are available; will copy the contents of source to dest, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless -u was specified, will make dest bootable.

Suppose the target device is /dev/sdXY, then this partition can be prepared for booting with

# setup-bootable -v /media/<installation-media-device> /dev/sdXY

For the manual way to set up boot media see Manually_copying_Alpine_files.


setup-xorg-base

See also: Xorg

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

It configures a graphical environment, installing basic Xorg packages and eudev (replacing mdev), and is also required for Wayland sessions, if Xwayland is used.

The script installs, among other packages, e.g.: xorg-server xf86-input-libinput xinit eudev.

Additional packages to install may be supplied as arguments.

setup-xorg-base [additional package(s) to install]

setup-wayland-base

See also: Wayland

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

usage: setup-wayland-base [-h] [PKG..]

Set up system to use Wayland

options: 

-h  Show this help

Installs the packages elogind, polkit-elogind and eudev, enables community repository, enables the service for eudev and install the packages PKG if specified.

setup-desktop

This script is used to set up a desktop environment. This is a replacement for the now-removed alpine-desktop package.

Note: Before installing any desktop,

Installation using setup-desktop

The Alpine Linux script for setting up a desktop quickly is setup-desktop.

# setup-desktop

On running the above command, you will be prompted to select a desktop environment.

Which desktop environment? ('gnome', 'plasma', 'xfce', 'mate', 'sway' or 'none') [none]

Once you have chosen a desktop environment, this script installs the chosen desktop along with all the necessary packages, firefox browser and adds the necessary services to run on startup. You can reboot when complete and the system will boot into a graphical login screen with the desktop environment. Depending on the desktop chosen, the script also activates the necessary services like dbus, elogind, login manager etc..

To view all the packages that are installed by the script for the chosen desktop you can issue the below command:

# cat /sbin/setup-desktop

Documentation needed

setup-xen-dom0


setup-mta

Uses ssmtp.

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.


setup-acf

setup-acf [-ahn] [-e email] [-l address] [PACKAGE...]

Options:

-a Which acf-* packages to install

-h Show help

-n Don't create /etc/acf/passwd

-e email address (for TLS certificate)

-l hostname for mini_httpd

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

This script was named setup-webconf before Alpine 1.9 beta 4.

See ACF pages for more information.

See also

Retrieved from "https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/w/index.php?title=Alpine_setup_scripts&oldid=27867"