Filesystems: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:18, 6 November 2024

Alpine Linux supports a number of filesystems.

Filesystem Tools

Alpine has multiple storage media formatting packages available. Different packages/programs are used to format different types of filesystems.

Tool	Filesystem	Brief Notes
btrfs-progs	Btrfs
dosfstools	FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
e2fsprogs	ext2/ext3/ext4	ext4 is current default
f2fs-tools	F2FS
hfsprogs	XFS HFS/HFS+	Apple/Mac products
jfsutils	JFS
ntfs-3g	NTFS	Microsoft/Windows FUSE driver
xfsprogs	XFS

Swap Partition

Swap space is used for two purposes

Extend the virtual memory beyond the installed physical memory (RAM) to avoid Out of memory condition
Suspend-to-disk or Hibernation support

Below Instructions explain how to use a seperate partition for swap:

The following commands prepares the unmounted partition (/dev/sda2) for swap space, activates the prepared swap space and starts the swap service to manage swap space immediately:

# mkswap /dev/sda2
# swapon /dev/sda2 
# rc-service swap start

The command free -m will show how much swap space is available (in MB).

To make the swap persistent across reboots, enable automatic start of swap:

# echo -e "/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0" >> /mnt/etc/fstab
# rc-update add swap

If you prefer maximum speed, you don't need configure any raid devices for swap. Just add 2 swap partitions on different disks and linux will stripe them automatically. The downside is that the moment one disk fails, the system will go down. For better reliability, put swap on RAID1.

Tip: Instead of using a separate partition for swap, zram based swap file can be used.

Encrypted swap

The below steps explains the steps to enable crypt-swap or Encrypted swap parition.

Edit the file /etc/conf.d/dmcrypt to enable crypt-swap. Ensure that source device name is correct. :

Contents of /etc/conf.d/dmcrypt

swap=crypt-swap
source='/dev/nvme0nXXX'

To use dmcrypt, start dmcrypt service and enable swap immediately:

# /etc/init.d/dmcrypt start
# swapon /dev/mapper/crypt-swap

To make the encrypted swap persistent across reboots, enable automatic start of encryption & swap:

# rc-update add dmcrypt
# rc-update add swap

To enable automatic swapon, add the relevant entry to /etc/fstab

# echo /dev/mapper/crypt-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab

Note: The above instructions will reset/re-encrypt swap on every boot and thus no suspend to disk works with it.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 Alpine has multiple storage media formatting packages available. Different packages/programs are used to format different types of filesystems.
-* {{Pkg|btrfs-progs}} - For [[Btrfs]]
-* {{Pkg|dosfstools}} - For FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
-* {{Pkg|e2fsprogs}} - For ext3/ext4
-* {{Pkg|f2fs-tools}} - For [[F2FS]]
-* {{Pkg|jfsutils}} - For JFS
-* {{Pkg|ntfs-3g}} - For NTFS (Note: ntfs-3g is a FUSE driver)
-* {{Pkg|xfsprogs}} - For XFS
-== Formatting Partitions ==
+{| cellpadding="5" border="2" class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Tool
+! Filesystem
+! Brief Notes
+|-
+| {{Pkg|btrfs-progs}}
+|[[Btrfs]]
+|
+|-
+|{{Pkg|dosfstools}}
+|FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
+|
+|-
+|{{Pkg|e2fsprogs}}
+|ext2/ext3/ext4
+|ext4 is current default
+|-
+|{{Pkg|f2fs-tools}}
+|[[F2FS]]
+|
+|-
+|{{Pkg|hfsprogs}}
+|XFS HFS/HFS+
+|Apple/Mac products
+|-
+|{{Pkg|jfsutils}}
+|JFS
+|-
+|{{Pkg|ntfs-3g}}
+|NTFS
+|Microsoft/Windows FUSE driver
+|-
+|{{Pkg|xfsprogs}}
+|XFS
+|
+|}
-Whenever a partition is [[Setting_up_disks_manually#Manual_partitioning|created]], the partition must be formatted first before using it.  Depending on the filesystem to be used, the necessary [[Filesystems#Filesystem_Tools|formatting tool]] for the filesystem must be installed first. The various formatting tools like <code> mkfs.ext4</code>, <code>mkfs.vfat</code>, <code>mkfs.btrfs</code> are part of file system tools {{pkg|dosfstools|repo=main}}, {{pkg|e2fsprogs|repo=main}}, {{pkg|btrfs-progs|repo=main}}.  Install the [[Filesystems#Filesystem_Tools|filesystem tools]] first, if not done already.
+== Swap Partition ==
-The following examples show how to use the formatting tools for different filesystems:
+Swap space is used for two purposes
+# Extend the virtual memory beyond the installed physical memory (RAM) to avoid [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_memory Out of memory] condition
+# Suspend-to-disk or Hibernation support
-{{Warning|The {{Path|/dev/sdXY}} is only an example. Make sure you choose the right partition to format!  If you choose the wrong partition, your will lose your data. Make a backup first and do not proceed, if you are unsure.}}
+Below Instructions explain how to use a seperate partition for swap:
-=== e2fsprogs ===
+The following commands prepares the unmounted partition (/dev/sda2) for swap space, activates the prepared swap space and starts the swap service to manage swap space immediately:
-ext4 is the default filesystem in Alpine Linux.
-{{Cmd|# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdaXY}}
-=== btrfs-progs ===
+ # mkswap /dev/sda2
-{{Cmd|# mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdaXY}}
+ # swapon /dev/sda2
+ # rc-service swap start
-=== dosfstools ===
+The command {{Codeline|free -m}} will show how much swap space is available (in MB).
-{{Cmd|# mkfs.vfat /dev/sdaXY}}
-=== f2fs-tools ===
+To make the swap persistent across reboots, enable automatic start of swap:
-{{Cmd|# mkfs.f2fs /dev/sdaXY}}
-== swap Partition ==
+ # echo -e "/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0" >> /mnt/etc/fstab
+ # rc-update add swap
-# <code>mkswap /dev/sda2</code>
+If you prefer maximum speed, you don't need configure any raid devices for swap. Just add 2 swap partitions on different disks and linux will stripe them automatically. The downside is that the moment one disk fails, the system will go down. For better reliability, put swap on RAID1.
-# <code>echo -e "/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0" >> /mnt/etc/fstab</code>
-# <code>swapon /dev/sda2</code> (or <code>rc-service swap start</code>)
-{{Cmd|free -m}} will show how much swap space is available (in MB).
+{{Tip|Instead of using a separate partition for swap, [[Zram|zram]] based swap file can be used.}}
-If you prefer maximum speed, you don't need configure any raid devices for swap. Just add 2 swap partitions on different disks and linux will stripe them automatically. The downside is that the moment one disk fails, the system will go down. For better reliability, put swap on RAID1.
+== Encrypted swap ==
+The below steps explains the steps to enable crypt-swap or Encrypted swap parition.
+Edit the file {{Path|/etc/conf.d/dmcrypt}} to enable crypt-swap. '''Ensure that source device name is correct.''' :
+{{Cat|/etc/conf.d/dmcrypt|
+swap{{=}}crypt-swap
+source{{=}}'/dev/nvme0nXXX'
+}}
+To use dmcrypt, start dmcrypt service and enable swap immediately:
+ # /etc/init.d/dmcrypt start
+ # swapon /dev/mapper/crypt-swap
+To make the encrypted swap persistent across reboots, enable automatic start of encryption & swap:
+ # rc-update add dmcrypt
+ # rc-update add swap
+To enable automatic swapon, add the relevant entry to {{Path|/etc/fstab}}
+{{Cmd|# echo /dev/mapper/crypt-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab}}
+{{Note|The above instructions will reset/re-encrypt swap on every boot and thus no suspend to disk works with it.}}
-{{Todo|Instructions for cryptswap?}}
+== See Also ==
-For creating partitions refer [[Setting_up_disks_manually#Manual_partitioning|Manual partitioning]]
+* [https://www.nico.schottelius.org/blog/2024-10-10-how-to-enable-encrypted-swap-in-alpine-linux/ How to enable encrypted swap in Alpine Linux]
 [[Category:Storage]]
 [[Category:Installation]]
 [[Category:Filesystems]]