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| The following part describes various ways how to create bootable USB stick with Alpine Linux.
| | {{Delete|This include has become obsolete. It is completely unused on the wiki}} |
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| === Clone ISO image content to USB stick (Alpine Linux from 3.3.0 and later) ===
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| From Alpine Linux 3.3.0, the generated ISO's are a hybridISO, which means they contain a valid MBR and can be raw copied directly to the USB stick, Hard Drive (If you really know what you're doing), or burnt to a CD/DVD.
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| The following ''dd'' instructions follow helpful guidance from https://wiki.voidlinux.eu/Live_Images wholly or in part.
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| If the USB stick is in a Unix/Linux/OSX system, you will need to find out what the USB device is. There are various utilities to determine the device name (e.g. {{Path|/dev/sdx}}) for your USB device. One way is:
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| $ sudo fdisk -l
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| If it is still unclear which is your USB's device name, in Linux you could try <code>sudo lsblk -a</code> ; or use {{Pkg|parted}} (<code>sudo parted -l</code>).
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| Then, in order to dd the iso, ensure that your usb drive is '''not''' mounted, as various desktop environments automatically mount usb pen drives:
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| $ sudo umount /dev/sdx
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| Next, change to the directory where your Alpine .iso file is located, for example:
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| $ cd ~/Downloads
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| {{Warning|The following instruction will '''destroy''' data on the device being written to - be sure that you have identified your USB device name correctly first!}}
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| Then you can use '''dd''' to copy the iso to it. Change <code>alpine.iso</code> in the following command to the name of your '''.iso''' file; and change <code>/dev/sdx</code> to the name of your pen drive's device name. The following command may take a few minutes to execute:
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| $ sudo dd if=alpine.iso of=/dev/sdx && sync
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| === Setup USB stick as usual installation from ISO image ===
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| # Insert the Alpine Linux CD-ROM into a computer.
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| # Boot the computer from the Alpine Linux CD-ROM.
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| #* This step may require changes to the BIOS settings to select booting from CD.
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| # Login with the username ''root''. No password is needed.
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| {{Tip|If you're not able to boot from the CD, then another option is to boot from a regular Alpine installation, and [[Burning_ISOs|manually mount the ISO image to {{Path|/media/cdrom}}]].}}
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| ==== Determine the Device Name of the {{{1|Flash Medium}}} ====
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| Determine the name your computer uses for your {{{1|flash medium}}}. The following step is one way to do this.
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| # After inserting the {{{1|flash medium}}}, run the command:
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| #* {{Cmd|dmesg}}
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| #* At the end of this command you should see the name of your {{{1|flash medium}}}, likely starting with "sd". (For example: "sda").
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| #* The remainder of this document will assume that your {{{1|flash medium}}} is called /dev/sda
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| # Use "fdisk -l" or "blkid" to check the device name by size or label
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| ==== Format {{{1|Flash Medium}}} ====
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| Run fdisk (replacing sdX with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name):
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| {{Cmd|fdisk /dev/sdX}}
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| # (''Optional'') - Create new partition table with one FAT32 partition
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| #* '''d''' Delete all partitions (this may take a few steps)
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| #* '''n''' Create a new partition
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| #* '''p''' A primary partition
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| #* '''1''' Partition number 1
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| #** Use defaults for first and last cylinder (just press [Enter] twice).
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| #* '''t''' Change partition type
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| #* '''c''' Partition type (Win95 FAT32/LBA)
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| #Verify that the primary partition is bootable
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| #* '''p''' Print list of partitions
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| #* If there is no '*' next to the first partition, follow the next steps:
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| #** '''a''' <big>Make the partition bootable (set boot flag)</big>
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| #** '''1''' Partition number 1
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| #'''w''' Write your changes to the device
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| Format the new partition with:
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| {{Cmd|mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX1}}
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| ==== Add Alpine Linux to the {{{1|Flash Medium}}} ====
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| To boot from your {{{1|flash medium}}} you need to copy the contents of the CDROM to the {{{1|flash medium}}} and make it bootable. Those two operations can be automated with the [[setup-bootable]] tool or can be done manually.
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| See also notes to [http://it-offshore.co.uk/linux/alpine-linux/48-alpine-linux-usb-stick-kvm create an Alpine Linux USB stick from within KVM] with [[setup-bootable]].
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| {{Note|If the following commands fail due to 'No such file or directory', you may have to remove and reinsert the {{{1|flash medium}}}, or even reboot, to get /dev/sda1 to appear}}
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| ===== Automated =====
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| {{Tip|If using Alpine Linux 1.10.4 or newer, you can use this section to complete the install. Otherwise, follow the Manual steps below.}}
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| {{Note|The target partition has to be formatted. Use the <code>mkdosfs</code> command from the Manual steps below if needed.}}
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| # Run the [[setup-alpine]] script to setup network(Alpine Linux 3.3 not contain syslinux), answer the last three questions as 'none'
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| ## Which disk(s) would you like to use: none
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| ## Enter where to store configs: none
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| ## Enter apk cache directory: none
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| # Run "apk add syslinux" to install syslinux package
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| # Run "modprobe vfat" to load vfat kernel module
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| # Run the [[setup-bootable]] script to add Alpine Linux to the {{{1|flash medium}}} and make it bootable (replacing sda with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name):
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| #: {{Cmd|setup-bootable /media/cdrom /dev/sda1}}
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| ## if "Resource busy" occurs, maybe the old files on /media/sda1, "rm /media/sda1/.alpine-release" and "reboot" to try again.
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| {{Note|If you get something like '<code>Failed to mount /dev/sda1 on /media/sda1</code>' when running the above [[setup-bootable]] command, you might want to try running:
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| {{Cmd|modprobe vfat}}
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| and then try re-run the [[setup-bootable]] command as described above.}}
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| {{Warning|If you are installing to a USB Stick, you may need to modify the {{Path|syslinux.cfg}} file to say <code>usbdisk</code> as [[#Wrong_Device_Name|described below]], or you will face possible problems booting and definite problems with the package cache. Recent versions of <code>setup-bootable</code> will specify the alpine_dev using a UUID instead, so it should work properly by default.}}
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| === Copy ISO content to USB stick as individual files ===
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| # (''Optional'') - If you created a new partition above, format the {{{1|flash medium}}} with a FAT32 filesystem (replacing sda with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name):
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| #: {{Cmd|apk add dosfstools<BR>mkdosfs -F32 /dev/sda1}}
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| # Install syslinux and MBR (replacing sda with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name):
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| #: {{Cmd|{{{|apk add syslinux<BR>dd if=/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda}}}<BR>syslinux /dev/sda1}}
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| #Copy the files to the {{{1|flash medium}}} (replacing sda with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name):
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| #: {{Cmd|<nowiki>mkdir -p /media/sda1
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| mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /media/sda1
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| cd /media/cdrom
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| cp -a .alpine-release * /media/sda1/
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| umount /media/sda1</nowiki>}}
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| # (''Optional'') Remove any apkovl files that were transfered as part of the copy process. This should be done if you wish to have a fresh install. Replace sda with your {{{1|flash medium}}} name)
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| #: {{Cmd|<nowiki>mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /media/sda1
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| rm /media/sda1/*.apkovl.tar.gz
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| umount /media/sda1</nowiki>}}
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| === Troubleshooting ===
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| ==== Wrong Device Name ====
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| If you cannot boot from the {{{1|flash medium}}} and you see something like:
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| Mounting boot media failed.
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| initramfs emergency recovery shell launched. Type 'exit' to continue boot
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| then it is likely that the device name in {{Path|syslinux.cfg}} is wrong. You should replace the device name in this line:
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| append initrd=/boot/grsec.gz alpine_dev='''usbdisk''':vfat modules=loop,cramfs,sd-mod,usb-storage quiet
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| with the proper device name.
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| * For boot from USB, the device name should be 'usbdisk' (as shown above)
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| * For other options, you can run <code>cat /proc/partitions</code> to see the available disks (i.e. 'sda' or 'sdb')
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| ==== Non-FAT32 Filesystems ====
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| When your {{{1|flash medium}}} is formatted with a filesystem other than FAT32, you might have to specify the necessary filesystem modules in the boot parameters.
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| To do so, mount the {{{1|flash medium}}} and change the {{Path|syslinux.cfg}} file line from
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| append initrd=/boot/grsec.gz alpine_dev=usbdisk:vfat modules=loop,cramfs,sd-mod,usb-storage quiet
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| to
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| append initrd=/boot/grsec.gz alpine_dev=usbdisk:'''ext3''' modules=loop,cramfs,sd-mod,usb-storage''',ext3''' quiet
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| in the case of an ext3 formatted partition. A similar procedure might apply to other filesystems (if they are supported by syslinux and the Alpine Linux kernel).
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| [[Category:Installation]]
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