VRF

VRF or Virtual Routing and Forwarding (or perhaps Virtual Routing Functions) provide virtualization of the routing table. They are useful for isolating services and entire networks from each other while avoiding the complexity of network namespaces.

Prerequisites

To make use of VRFs, you will need `iproute2` and a kernel that is capable of using eBPF installed. Kernel 5.4.19-r1 and later are capable of using eBPF.

VRF creation

The easiest way to define VRFs is to add them to /etc/network/interfaces:

auto vrf-mgmt
iface vrf-mgmt inet manual
    pre-up ip link add $IFACE type vrf table 42
    up ip link set dev $IFACE up

You can then associate specific interfaces with VRFs using pre-up commands:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 1.2.3.4
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 1.2.3.1
    pre-up ip link set $IFACE master vrf-mgmt

VRF-based Service Isolation

Services can be isolated to specific VRFs when running OpenRC 0.42.1-r4 or newer. You can set the $vrf variable in an /etc/conf.d file for a service to isolate it in most cases.

For example, with sshd:

# echo 'vrf="vrf-mgmt"' >> /etc/conf.d/sshd
# rc-service sshd restart