MariaDB is a community-developed fork of the MySQL relational database management system intended to remain free under the GNU GPL. It is notable for being led by the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its acquisition by Oracle.

Instalation

Alpine Linux has dummy counterparts packages for those that are not close to that change from mysql to mariadb naming packages.

Take in consideration that the user mysql was created during instalation of packages, in the initialization section two users will be created in database init: root and mysql, and in that point only if are in their respective system accounts, will be able to connect to the database service.

apk add mysql mysql-client

That will install the most used ones.. mariadb-cient and mariadb-server, rest of packages are brief described here for more information:

MySQL name package	Since Alpine:	Brief usage	Related package
mysql	v2	it's a dummy package to easy install of mariadb	mariadb
mysql-client	v2	it's a dummy package to easy install of commands tools	mariadb-client
mariadb	v2	server equivalent to mysql-server	mariadb-common
mariadb-client	v2	connection command line and tools	mariadb-common
mariadb-doc	v3.0	manpages are there!	man man-pages
mariadb-connector-c	v3.8	coding connection on C sources	mariadb-connector-c-dev
mariadb-connector-odbc	edge	coding or making OS level connections	.
mariadb-backup	v3.8	to external backup devices, not widely used, in past was inside mariadb package	.
mariadb-server-utils	v3.8	server commands not widely used, in past was inside mariadb package	.
mariadb-dev	v3.1	Need for compilations depends on source code	.
mariadb-test	v3.3	testing suite from MariaDB tools	.
mariadb-mytop	v3.9	data performance monitoring	.
mariadb-plugin-rocksdb	v3.9	plain key-value event relational for data	.
mariadb-server-utils	v3.8	to reduce main server package, not widely used commands	.
mariadb-static	v3.8	static libs for static non depends linking in builds	.
mariadb-embedded	v3.9	the libmysqld identical interface as the C client	mariadb-embedded-dev
mariadb-embedded-dev	v3.9	use the normal mysql.h and link with libmysqld instead of libmysqlclient	mariadb-dev
mariadb-openrc	v3.8	separate scripts, in past was embebed on server package	.

Initialization

The alpine package of MySQL/MariaDB are like normal tarball of MySQL one, admins must be know what they want.. there's no automatic window-like here.

The datadir are located to /var/lib/mysql must be owned by the mysql user and group. You can modify this behavior but must edit the service file at /etc/init.d directory. Also, you need to set datadir=<YOUR_DATADIR> under section [mysqld] at the config file.

Initialize the main mysql database, and the data dir as standardized to /var/lib/mysql by the rc script
Then initialize the service, root account and socket connection are enabled without password at this point
Setup the root account by asignes a proper password, this are purely paranoid. due next step already do that!
Setup and init the installation by running the mysql_secure_installation
Setup permissions for manage others users and databases


mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql

rc-service mariadb start

mysqladmin -u root password toor

After that, all are initializated to proceed with configuration, now can be done using the mysql_secure_installation script at the next section:

Configuration

In order to finish setup into MariaDB now provide this script called mysql_secure_instalation that also are present as mariadb-secure-installation, too. This script provides minimal and security setup to the database, and here are the questions made explained:

Enter current password for root (enter for none): this are if you previously setup as we done in previous section a root password, just provide it and press enter, must be provided due we already set previously and from now, this sript will access to the engine and alter many setting on the database. Correct respond are OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that only admins can log into engine database. Since mysql 5.6 and mariadb 10.2 a new auth mechanish are set, by socket authentiaction, when system user are same as mysql/mariadb user, in this case, no password are need. In production servers this are not the case and must be disabled, so answer NO, and response will be ... skipping.
Change the root password? [Y/n] this answer are here only if the first one are just enter, or if can provide a better passowrd if no unix socket are set. Just press "n" only if you provided a good password, otherwise just
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] this permits remove the anonymous user created to log using socket authentication, only working on unix-like system. In any case, production system must remove it, so answer Y and proper respond mus be ... Success!.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. For sure answer Y and proper respond mus be ... Success!.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed, so answer Y and proper respond mus be ... Success!.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately, so answer Y and proper respond mus be ... Success!.

After reponse all the questions.. restart the service with rs-service mariadb restart

Configuration files

Due today were influenced by systemd standardization, the famous my.cnf are not more the main config file for the server engine. Now only few variables are defined there and all the settings are provided by independent files into the /etc/my.cnf.d/ directory.

User config files are under ~/.my.cnf config file of each home dir, and are read after global ones.

Ajust config files for MAX ALLOWED PACKETS to minimun to 100M


sed -i "s|max_allowed_packet\s*=.*|max_allowed_packet = 100M|g" /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Relevant important notes

File system notes about the databases managed

BTRFS Notes

If the database (in /var/lib/mysql) resides on a Btrfs file system, you should consider disabling Copy-on-Write for the directory before creating any database (schemes), after initialization you can enabled again. But .. on every database creation (scheme creation), you must disabled again, to avoid corrupted data.

ZFS Bock sizes

ZFS, unlike most other file systems, has a variable record size, or what is commonly referred to as a block size. By default, the recordsize on ZFS is 128KiB, which means it will dynamically allocate blocks of any size from 512B to 128KiB depending on the size of file being written. Most RDBMSes work in 8KiB-sized blocks by default. Although the block size is tunable for MySQL/MariaDB use an 8KiB block size by default.

It is usually desirable to tune ZFS instead to accommodate the databases, using a command such as zfs set recordsize=8K /var/lib/mysql (or change /var/lib/mysql to the mount point where /var/lib/mysql resides) and in the interest of saving memory, it is best to simply disable ZFS's caching of the database's file data and let the database do its own job with zfs set primarycache=metadata /var/lib/mysql (or change /var/lib/mysql to the mount point where /var/lib/mysql resides).

But beware, these kinds of tuning parameters are only if RDBMSes are setup in dedicated partitions, if your root and of course database are all in one partition, dont do that. Separate ones.