Fault Tolerant Routing with Alpine Linux

This document will explain how to setup a fault-tolerant router using Alpine Linux. It has been tested using Alpine Linux 2.2.3.

Hardware and Network Setup

The network used in this example is as follows:

• Will run (at least initially) IPv4
• Pre-existing border router that NATs from public IP(s) to the 10.0.0.0/8 network and has the address 10.0.0.1/24 on the transit network
• The border router will have a default route to the internal network via 10.0.0.2 (the virtual IP address of the routers being setup in this doc)
• A transit network between the border router and the fault-tolerant routers in this document will be on 10.0.0.0/24
• The routers will also connect several internal subnets on the network:
  • 10.0.1.0/24
  • 10.0.2.0/24
  • 10.0.3.0/24
• It's assumed that 10.0.0.0/24 and 10.0.1.0/24 are connected via dedicated interfaces (eth0 and eth1, respectively), while 10.0.2.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24 share an interface(eth2), but traffic is segregated using 802.1q vlan tagging, with 10.0.2.0/24 using vlan id 2, and 10.0.3.0/24 using vlan id 3.
• Finally, all computers in subnets 10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24 and 10.0.3.0/24 are setup with a default gateway of 10.0.x.1

Two computers will be needed, with at three NICs in them (more if you are connecting more network segments together), and they will act as routers.

Initial Setup

First, setup Alpine on a USB key or CF card on both computers. Connect both computers initially to 10.0.0.0/24 on eth0, and assign them ip addresses of 10.0.0.3/24 and 10.0.0.4/24 in the setup-alpine script(for router1 and router2, respectively). Do not configure other interfaces initially. Ensure that both machines are pingable.

Next, connect them both to 10.0.1.0/24 on eth1, and assign them ip addresses of 10.0.1.2/24 and 10.0.1.3/24, respectively. Ensure that they can also ping each other. /etc/network/interfaces (for router1) at this point should look like:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.0.2
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        gateway 10.0.0.1
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
        address 10.0.1.2
        netmask 255.255.255.0

Finally, get the last two networks connected (the ip addresses given are for router1, and these steps should be performed on router2 as well):

modprobe 8021q
echo "8021q" >> /etc/modules
cat >> /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet manual
        up ip link set eth2 up
        up ifup eth2.2 || true
        up ifup eth2.3 || true
        down ifdown eth2.3 || true
        down ifdown eth2.2 || true
        down ip link set dev eth2 down
iface eth2.2 inet static
        pre-up vconfig add eth2 2
        address 10.0.2.2
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        post-down vconfig rem $IFACE
iface eth2.3 inet static
        pre-up vconfig add eth2 3
        address 10.0.3.2
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        post-down vconfig rem $IFACE
EOF

Test that you can also ping between these interfaces.

Start ip forwarding

Next, turn them into simple routers by enabling ip forwarding (do this on each box):

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

If you follow the ucarp section below, you'll also need to disable rp_filter (RFC3704 Ingress Filtering). Since this howto is designed for an internal router this should (or might not) be acceptable. Available options for this setting can be viewed at http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt;hb=HEAD#l855.

echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/rp_filter echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/rp_filter echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth2.2/rp_filter echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth2.3/rp_filter

Install and start ucarp

Ucarp will provide a virtual IP address for each subnet that the routers will share. That way, if either router fails, network connectivity stays up.

• Copy the scripts for each the interface:

apk add ucarp ln -s /etc/init.d/ucarp /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth0 ln -s /etc/init.d/ucarp /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth1 ln -s /etc/init.d/ucarp /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth2.2 ln -s /etc/init.d/ucarp /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth2.3 cp /etc/conf.d/ucarp /etc/conf.d/ucarp.eth0 cp /etc/conf.d/ucarp /etc/conf.d/ucarp.eth1 cp /etc/conf.d/ucarp /etc/conf.d/ucarp.eth2.2 cp /etc/conf.d/ucarp /etc/conf.d/ucarp.eth2.3

• edit the /etc/conf/ucarp.eth0 file:

REALIP=
VHID=1
VIP=10.0.0.2
PASSWORD=Password

• edit the /etc/conf/ucarp.eth1 file:

REALIP=
VHID=2
VIP=10.0.1.1
PASSWORD=Password

• edit the /etc/conf/ucarp.eth2.2 file:

REALIP=
VHID=3
VIP=10.0.2.1
PASSWORD=Password

• edit the /etc/conf/ucarp.eth2.3 file:

REALIP=
VHID=4
VIP=10.0.3.1
PASSWORD=Password

• Create etc/ucarp/vip-up-eth0.sh (and copy this script for each interface: vip-up-eth1.sh, vip-up-eth2.2.sh, vip-up-eth2.3.sh):

#!/bin/sh
 
 # Add the VIP address
 ip addr add $2/24 dev $1
 
 for a in 330 440 550; do beep -f $a -l 100; done

• Create /etc/ucarp/vip-down-eth0.sh (and copy this script for each interface: vip-down-eth1.sh, vip-down-eth2.2.sh, vip-down-eth2.3.sh):

#!/bin/sh

 # Remove the VIP address
 ip addr del $2/24 dev $1

 for a in 550 440 330; do beep -f $a -l 100; done

• Make the scripts executable

chmod +x /etc/ucarp/*.sh

• Start ucarp and save the changes

rc-update add ucarp.eth0 rc-update add ucarp.eth1 rc-update add ucarp.eth2.2 rc-update add ucarp.eth2.3 /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth0 start /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth1 start /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth2.2 start /etc/init.d/ucarp.eth2.3 start lbu commit

• Do the above steps for each router

At this point, you should have connectivity from your border router through to hosts on the internal subnets, and hosts on your subnets should be able to ping all interfaces on each router.

Install and configure Shorewall iptables frontend

We will name our Shorewall zones by letters to keep the config files simple, and they will correspond to subnets and interfaces as follows:

A = eth0 = 10.0.0.0/24
B = eth1 = 10.0.1.0/24
C_2 = eth2.2 = 10.0.2.0/24
C_3 = eth2.3 = 10.0.3.0/24

Install the needed package

apk add shorewall

Edit /etc/shorewall/params:

#FIRST LINE
A_IF=eth0
B_IF=eth1
C_2_IF=eth2.2
C_3_IF=eth2.3
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE

Edit /etc/shorewall/interfaces:

#FIRST LINE
A  $A_IF  detect  dhcp
B  $B_IF  detect  dhcp
C_2  $C_2_IF  detect  dhcp
C_3  $C_3_IF  detect  dhcp
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE

Edit /etc/shorewall/zones:

#FIRST LINE
fw  firewall
A   ipv4
B   ipv4
C_2 ipv4
C_3 ipv4
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE

Edit /etc/shorewall/policy: (note: this allows all traffic between internal subnets and all traffic outbound towards the Internet, but blocks all traffic inbound by default, this policy might need to be adjusted in your case)

#FIRST LINE
A   all   REJECT  INFO
B   A     ACCEPT
B   C_2   ACCEPT
B   C_3   ACCEPT
C_2 A     ACCEPT
C_2 B     ACCEPT
C_2 C_3   ACCEPT
C_3 A     ACCEPT
C_3 B     ACCEPT
C_3 C_2   ACCEPT
all all   REJECT  INFO
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE 

Edit /etc/shorewall/rules: (the following simply allow SSH traffic in to your two routers - more will probably be needed to accept or reject traffic based on your needs)

#FIRST LINE
ACCEPT   A   fw   tcp   22
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE

Edit /etc/shorewall/start:

#FIRST LINE
/bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter
/bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/rp_filter
/bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/rp_filter
/bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth2.2/rp_filter
/bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth2.3/rp_filter
#LAST LINE - ADD YOUR ENTRIES ABOVE THIS ONCE - DO NOT REMOVE

Finally, edit STARTUP_ENABLED line in /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf:

STARTUP_ENABLED=yes

Check config for errors then start shorewall:

shorewall check shorewall restart

Tip: This gives you a basic set of redundant policy routers, however you can continue on with section(s) below to add features to them

DHCP Relaying

This will allow DHCP broadcasts from one subnet to be sent on to a DHCP server in another subnet (so that you don't have to have your DHCP server have an interface in each subnet).

First, install dhcrelay:

apk add dhcrelay

Next, adjust /etc/conf.d/dhcrelay: (assuming you don't need DHCP on the 10.0.0.0/24 subnet, and that your DHCP servers are 10.0.1.100 and 10.0.1.101)

IFACE="eth1 eth2.2 eth2.3"
DHCRELAY_SERVERS="10.0.1.100 10.0.1.101"

Finally, setup your scopes on 10.0.1.100 and 10.0.1.101 for the 10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24, and 10.0.3.0/24 subnets and test by requesting a lease from a computer in either 10.0.2.0/24 or 10.0.3.0/24.