Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM

Tip: This process can be done automatically by using the setup-disk script

This document how to create logical volumes in Alpine using lvm2.

LVM is collection of programs that allow larger physical disks to be reassembled into "logical" disks that can be shrunk or expanded as data needs change.

In this document we will use a software raid1 device as physical storage for our logical volumes. We will set up a swap partition and a data partition for vservers

Installing LVM software

First we need to load the kernel driver, dm-mod

modprobe dm-mod

We also want it to be loaded during next reboot.

echo dm-mod >> /etc/modules

We also need the userspace programs.

apk add lvm2

Preparing the physical volumes

First we need to tell LVM that de partition is available as a physical volume and can be added to a volume group. In this example we use a software raid array as physical volume.

pvcreate /dev/md0

Preparing the Volume Group

We can then create a volume group and add the physical volume /dev/md0

vgcreate vg0 /dev/md0

If we later need more space we can add additional physcal volumes with vgextend. All physcal disks/partitions added need to be prepared with pvcreate.

Creating Logical volumes

In the volume group we can create logical volumes. To create a 1GB volume called swap and a 6GB volume called 'vservers on the volume group vg0 we run

lvcreate -n swap -L 1G vg0 lvcreate -n vservers -L 6G vg0

Display Logical Volumes

You can now se the logical volumes with the lvdisplay utility.

lvdisplay
 --- Logical volume ---
 LV Name                /dev/vg0/swap
 VG Name                vg0
 LV UUID                a4NYOi-FQP6-Lj5Q-0TYk-Jjtk-Qxjt-nxeBPn
 LV Write Access        read/write
 LV Status              available
 # open                 0
 LV Size                1.00 GB
 Current LE             256
 Segments               1
 Allocation             inherit
 Read ahead sectors     0
 Block device           253:0
  
 --- Logical volume ---
 LV Name                /dev/vg0/vservers
 VG Name                vg0
 LV UUID                16VMmy-7I0s-eeoW-tL2V-JrlN-jM6C-d0wEg0
 LV Write Access        read/write
 LV Status              available
 # open                 0
 LV Size                6.00 GB
 Current LE             1536
 Segments               1
 Allocation             inherit
 Read ahead sectors     0
 Block device           253:1

Rename Logical Volumes

lvrename /dev/vg0/vservers /dev/vg0/database

Extend Logical Volumes

If you want to add space and the volume has the room for it...

lvextend -L +50G /dev/vg0/vservers

If you want to set the space to a new larger size...

lvextend -L 10G /dev/vg0/vservers

Start LVM during Boot

We want lvm to init the logical volumes during boot. There is a boot service named lvm to do this. If your volumes are on raid, make sure that /etc/init.d/lvm is started after mdadm-raid.

rc-update add lvm

Or, on Alpine Linux 1.8 or earlier:

rc_add -s 12 -k lvm

Setting up swap

Now we have our devices in /dev/vg0 and can use them as normal disk paritions. To set up swap:

mkswap /dev/vg0/swap

Add the following line to your /etc/fstab:

/dev/vg0/swap   none            swap     sw    0 0

Setting up /vservers partition

Finally we want to set up an XFS partition for /vservers.

Install xfsprogs.

apk add xfsprogs

Create filesystem on /dev/vg0/vservers.

mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/vservers

Add the mount information to your /etc/fstab: NOTE:tagxid may cause this not to mount. Try this by hand and check dmesg to see if there are any errors

/dev/vg0/vservers /vservers     xfs     noatime,tagxid 0 0

Note that the tagxid option is specific for setting up vserver disk limits so it might be you don't want it. The noatime option is to increase performance but you will no longer know when files were accessed last time.

Starting localmount and swap

Now we can mount our partition.

mount /vservers

Make sure we run localmount during boot too, and that it is done after lvm. In Alpine Linux 1.9 and newer this should not be needed

rc-update add localmount boot

Or, on Alpine Linux 1.8 or earlier:

rc_add -s 14 -k localmount

Start the swap service and make sure it starts during next reboot and that it starts after lvm.

/etc/init.d/swap start rc-update add swap

Or, on Alpine Linux 1.8 or earlier:

/etc/init.d/swap start rc_add -s 14 -k swap

More Info on LVM

For more information, have a look at the common tasks section in the LVM Howto.