Fonts: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:24, 14 November 2021

Fonts on Alpine Linux covers a wide range of various languages. If you can't see your language, you need to install the font that has glyphs (little picture) created for it. The square box called a substitute character or "tofu" that acts as a placeholder for missing a glyph usually with a two byte sequence. Tofu is a prepared food that is a traditional part of East Asian and Southeast Asian meals. It is often served in a white rectangular appearance.

Installation

Example how to install the font:

sudo apk add terminus-font

fc-cache -fv can be used to display the font locations and to update the cache. The system font directory is located at /usr/share/fonts which is reserved for the Alpine package creators and the package system. The user font location is located in ~/.fonts which is the preferred install font location especially from unknown sources. Fonts have been used as a source of security exploits (See CVEs) so to reduce the spread of attack install fonts inside ~/.fonts. The trusted system fonts that Alpine LInux packages typically are from well known sources like corporations like Google, Adobe, open organizations like XOrg or well known font designers or projects licensed as either SIL, GPL, etc.

Note: The locations ~/.fonts.conf.d, ~/.fonts.conf, ~/.fontconfig/*.cache-* are deprecated and will not be read by default in future versions. Their replacements are $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/conf.d, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf, $XDG_CACHE_HOME/fontconfig/*.cache-* respectively. You might need to set the XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable yourself.

If you install xorg-server, it will pull font-misc-misc meaning that many popular languages (Japanese, Korean, Latin, Cyrillic) are already covered except for Arabic, Persian, Thai, Tamil, etc from inspecting the Wikipedia Page left column on languages for article translation.

The default may be an eyesore so there are alternatives mentioned below.

Configuration

Some applications do not specify a specific font to use but rather say sans-serif [sans means without as in without tiny lines], serif, monospace [as in proportional square font]. This is where Fontconfig comes into place by substituting the general font type with a specific font that you like. For package developers, /etc/fonts/conf.avail contains a fontconfig configuration file. This will be symlinked into /etc/fonts/conf.d. See /etc/fonts/conf.d/README for details about the meaning behind the priority numbers.

For regular users, you want to create/edit your personal ~/.fonts.conf. This is in XML and describes which preferred font to use for these general types. See this for details.

List of fonts in Alpine Linux

Utopia - font-adobe-utopia-*
Noto - font-noto-* -- These fonts can cover different glyphs for your language. If you go to https://www.google.com/get/noto/ , you can try to search for your language to see if it is supported. If Alpine doesn't have it, you can download it from Google into your ~/.font . As hinted in the introduction, noto comes from no tofu or gradual elimination of these substitute characters off the web.

font-noto
font-noto-adlam
font-noto-adlamunjoined
font-noto-arabic
font-noto-armenian
font-noto-avestan
font-noto-bamum
font-noto-bengali
font-noto-buhid
font-noto-carian
font-noto-chakma
font-noto-cherokee
font-noto-cypriot
font-noto-deseret
font-noto-devanagari (Hindi / Sanskrit)
font-noto-emoji
font-noto-ethiopic
font-noto-extra
font-noto-georgian
font-noto-glagolitic
font-noto-gothic
font-noto-gujarati
font-noto-gurmukhi
font-noto-hebrew
font-noto-kannada
font-noto-kayahli
font-noto-khmer
font-noto-lao
font-noto-lisu
font-noto-malayalam
font-noto-mandaic
font-noto-myanmar
font-noto-nko
font-noto-olchiki
font-noto-oldturkic
font-noto-oriya
font-noto-osage
font-noto-osmanya
font-noto-shavian
font-noto-sinhala
font-noto-tamil
font-noto-telugu
font-noto-thaana
font-noto-thai
font-noto-tibetan
font-noto-tifinagh
font-noto-vai

Terminus - terminus-font -- Monospace font
BaKoMa font-bakoma-* -- Fonts for TeX typesetting system (for academics in the math and sciences and book writers) and TeX (WYSIWYG) editors
Bitstream Speedo - font-bitstream-speedo
Bitstream Vera font-bitstream-*
Bera (Bitstream Vera Type 1) - font-bitstream-type1 -- Use for LaTeX
Ubuntu - ttf-ubuntu-font-family
Font Awesome - ttf-font-awesome -- It was used in Twitter Bootstrap. It is a font representing things and brands as Icons.
GNU FreeFont - ttf-freefont -- See link for support for different writing systems/languages
GNU Unifont - unifont -- It contains glyphs of every codepoint
font-misc-cyrillic -- Cyrillic fonts (Russian/Slavic Style)
font-screen-cyrillic -- X.org public domain Cyrillic fonts for screen use
font-misc-ethiopic -- Ethiopic fonts used in Ethiopia and Eritrea
font-misc-meltho -- For the Syriac language
font-misc-misc -- Bitmap fonts in PCF format (shows glyphs of many types and installed by default by xorg-server package)
ClearlyU fonts - font-mutt-misc -- Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana. See link to changelog for full list of languages supported.
tewi font font-tewi - A tiny bitmap font that contains braille glyphs
Overpass - font-overpass
Luxi fonts - font-bh-* -- designed by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow which bh is refers to the last name
Lucida Typewriter - font-bh-lucidatypewriter-*
IPA Font - font-ipa -- A Japanese font
Chrome OS core fonts - font-croscore
Vollkorn - font-vollkorn - A serif font with glyphs for Cyrillic (Russian/Slavic), Greek, Polish, Dutch, Bulgarian, Serbian, and small capitals
Open Sans - ttf-opensans
Cantarell - ttf-cantarell -- Designed for reading and the default GNOME font
DejaVu - ttf-dejavu -- A modified Bitstream Vera with more styles and unicode coverage
Linux Libertine - ttf-linux-libertine -- A free alternative to Times New Roman
Liberation ttf-liberation -- A free alternative to Helvetica and Arial
Inconsolata - ttf-inconsolata -- A monospace font designed for terminals and reading source code
mononoki - ttf-mononoki -- A font for programming and code review
Droid - ttf-droid / ttf-droid-nonlatin -- Designed for small screens and was used in older Android
font-schumacher-misc -- Fixed width fonts by Dale Schumacher
font-sony-misc -- Japanese Kana fonts by Sony Electronics
font-daewoo-misc -- JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Kanji and Korean Hangul fonts by Daewoo Electronics
font-cursor-misc -- A standard cursor font
font-sun-misc -- Cursor and glyph fonts by Sun Microsystems
font-winitzki-cyrillic -- A Cyrillic (Russian) font by Serge Winitzki designed for proofreading mixed Russian-English text
font-isas-misc -- Chinese Song Ti style fonts (thinner horizontal lines compared to vertical)
font-jis-misc -- A Japanese International Standard font
IBM Courier font-ibm-type1
font-dec-misc -- A Digital Equipment Corporation cursor and session fonts
font-cronyx-cyrillic -- A Russian font for X11 by Cronyx
font-arabic-misc -- A bitmap and proportional Arabic font in newspaper style [1]

Non-free fonts

Core fonts for the Web msttcorefonts-installer-- For installing non-free proprietary Microsoft fonts like Comic Sans [2]. Not recommended for commercial project or open source projects. See their licensing.

 Andale Mono
 Arial Black
 Arial
 Comic Sans MS
 Courier New
 Georgia
 Impact
 Times New Roman
 Trebuchet
 Verdana
 Webdings

Changing the console font

The default font may be too small on high-resolution monitors, e.g. 4K ones. To change the default font, e.g. to the 32px ISO Latin-1 Terminus font:

apk add terminus-font
try out fonts in a virtual console using setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/ter-132n.psf.gz
edit /etc/conf.d/consolefont, set it to the font you choose, e.g. consolefont="ter-132n.psf.gz"
enable this using rc-update add consolefont boot

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 <code>fc-cache -fv</code> can be used to display the font locations and to update the cache.  The system font directory is located at '''/usr/share/fonts''' which is reserved for the Alpine package creators and the package system.  The user font location is located in '''~/.fonts''' which is the preferred install font location especially from unknown sources.  Fonts have been used as a source of security exploits [https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-4535/product_id-7835/Freetype-Freetype.html (See CVEs)] so to reduce the spread of attack install fonts inside '''~/.fonts'''.  The trusted system fonts that Alpine LInux packages typically are from well known sources like corporations like Google, Adobe, open organizations like XOrg or well known font designers or projects licensed as either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_Open_Font_License SIL], GPL, etc.
+{{Note|The locations <code>~/.fonts.conf.d</code>, <code>~/.fonts.conf</code>, <code>~/.fontconfig/*.cache-*</code> are deprecated and will not be read by default in future versions. Their replacements are <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/conf.d</code>, <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fontconfig/fonts.conf</code>, <code>$XDG_CACHE_HOME/fontconfig/*.cache-*</code> respectively. You might need to set the <code>XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> environment variable yourself.}}
 If you install xorg-server, it will pull font-misc-misc meaning that many popular languages (Japanese, Korean, Latin, Cyrillic) are already covered except for Arabic, Persian, Thai, Tamil, etc from inspecting the Wikipedia Page left column on languages for article translation.