User talk:Jch: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:01, 7 April 2015

How to automate KVM creation

The goal is not only to have a working install but to have it at the after setup-alpine stage without human intervention... Tis is the first stages of a work in progress...

I want to pass a Block Device and a name as parameters. The block device could be an image file, a LV, a NBD, a hdd, a raid array, whatever.
Everything else should be fully automatic according to some config file (stating the http-proxy, the time server, the log server, ...).

The I will just run the script, watch my dhcp logs to discover the new IP assigned (that's why the name is a parameter), then log in with ssh without password to customize it further but at high level only (will be a robot and not me in fact).

I guess it would be something like emulate boot from usb key with specific overlay already on key...
then run setup-disk with proper parameters on the command line to avoid the interactive process (like setup-alpine does)...
Methink this could be done from a couple of scripts put in /etc/local.d/. The last.stop one deleting all of them to be clean at next reboot.
Let's start easy ;)

How to prepare a img file to emulate an USB key

first a working example done in console (accessed trough ssh).
Will build a script from it...

First, lets's prepare somme block device (here an image file but could be something else)

apk add qemu-img
qemu-img create -f raw usbkey.img 512M
apk del qemu-img
T="usbkey.img"

Next, let's install AL on this $T

apk add multipath-tools syslinux dosfstools
fdisk $T
kpartx -av $T
mkdosfs -F32 /dev/mapper/loop1p1
dd if=/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/mapper/loop1
syslinux /dev/mapper/loop1p1
mkdir key
mount -t vfat /dev/mapper/loop1p1 key
wget http://wiki.alpinelinux.org/cgi-bin/dl.cgi/v3.1/releases/x86_64/alpine-mini-3.1.1-x86_64.iso
mkdir cdrom
mount alpine-mini-3.1.1-x86_64.iso cdrom
cd cdrom
cp -a .alpine-release * ../key/
cd ..
umount key
umount cdrom
kpartx -d $T
apk del multipath-tools syslinux dosfstools
rm alpine-mini-3.1.1-x86_64.iso

This block device may now be use to boot some KVM for instance like:

screen -d -m -S KVM-builder \
qemu-system-x86_64 -name KVM-usb -enable-kvm -cpu qemu64 -curses \
-device nec-usb-xhci -drive if=none,id=usbstick,file=$T -device usb-storage,drive=usbstick

This is working fine. The problem is when adding a HDD to the lot, qemu try to boot from the hdd and does not even try to boot from the usb key. Enabling menu in boot let's one access the emulated bios which allows to select USB device to boot interactively but this break the goal of fully automated boot :( The stanza is for instance

screen -d -m -S KVM-builder \
qemu-system-x86_64 -name KVM-usb -enable-kvm -cpu qemu64 -curses \
-device nec-usb-xhci -drive if=none,id=usbstick,file=$T -device usb-storage,drive=usbstick \
-drive file=$T2 boot menu=on

qemu-doc states that very clearly:
> -boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off][,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_timeout][,strict=on|off]
> Specify boot order drives as a string of drive letters. Valid drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default

Starting AL from network

As it does not seems possible to start qemu with a virtual USB key *and* a virtual HDD attached to the VM. Let's try something different: to start AL from the network and mount the HDD later on...

Usually this kind of setup needs

a DHCP server to get an IP address and the location of the TFTP server
a TFTP server to download the kernel and tje root file system to boot from
a NFS server or a HTTP one to get the overlay used to configure the machine
a NFS server to share files with others
a NBD server to get his own block devices as storage
a machine where to prepare initramfs

First, let's check what is vailable in AL and what is not...

dhcpcd-6.6.7-r0
tftp-hpa-5.2-r1
nfs-utils-1.3.1-r2
darkhttpd-1.10-r1
nbd-3-10-r0

PXE_boot

We are trying to do something as in PXE_boot.

We did it on separate machine for each service. It forces us to deeply understand all interactions between processes.

In current state we

umount /media/alpine

as last step of the boot procees and we are running with no tie.

dhcpd

192.168.1.1

with package dhcp from repo. ~~Nothing special.~~

  filename "pxelinux.0";
  next-server 192.168.1.2;

and

# Disable RFC 2136 dynamic DNS updates.
ddns-update-style none;

# Define actions to take when leases are committed, released, or expired to
# accomplish dynamic DNS updates to djbdns. This does not use the RFC 2136
# update mechanism, because djbdns does not support it. However, it
# accomplishes the same thing.
# syntax "execute(cmd, arg, ...)"
### need to check if the two "on EVENT" must be nested or in sequence...
on commit {
  execute ("/usr/local/bin/dns-update-djb",
           "commit",
           lcase (option host-name),
           config-option domain-name,
           binary-to-ascii (10, 8, ".", leased-address));
  on release or expiry {
    execute ("/usr/local/bin/dns-update-djb",
             "release",
             binary-to-ascii (10, 8, ".", leased-address));
  }
}

with a custom /usr/local/bin/dns-update-djb script largely inspired from https://sites.google.com/site/dmoulding/dns-update-djb but adapted for a distant tinydns server and to the AL way.

tftp

192.168.1.2

tftp-hpa configured to serve some SYSLINUX files.

The config is in /etc/conf.d/in.tftpd
Then to issue:

rc-update add in.tftpd
rc-service in.tftpd start

We serve from /var/tftpboot.

We add to temporary install the syslinux apk to get pxelinix.0 and other libs needed.
We did prepare a "pxerd" initramfs file with virtio_net.ko, dhcp and nfs included; made sure loop and squashfs are included.

pxelinux.cfg/default looks like

PROMPT 0
TIMEOUT 3
default alpine
LABEL alpine
LINUX alpine/vmlinuz-grsec
INITRD alpine/pxerd
APPEND ip=dhcp alpine_dev=nfs:192.168.1.3:/srv/boot/alpine modloop=/boot/grsec.modloop.squashfs nomodeset quiet apkovl=http://192.168.1.4/localhost.apkovl.tar.gz
#APPEND modloop=http:/192.168.1.4/grsec.modloop.squashfs
#APPEND apkovl=http://192.168.1.4/localhost.apkovl.tar.gz # including the modloop hack
#APPEND alpine_repo=http://repo-url

Modules are loaded

/ # lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by    Not tainted
nfsv3                  22784  1
nfs                   144376  2 nfsv3
lockd                  71917  2 nfsv3,nfs
sunrpc                225574  6 nfsv3,nfs,lockd
af_packet              28735  0
sr_mod                 13487  0
cdrom                  40424  1 sr_mod
pata_acpi               3326  0
ata_piix               25601  0
ata_generic             3554  0
libata                181955  3 pata_acpi,ata_piix,ata_generic
virtio_net             19684  0
scsi_mod              113710  2 sr_mod,libata
virtio_pci              6485  0
virtio                  4933  2 virtio_net,virtio_pci
virtio_ring             9161  2 virtio_net,virtio_pci
squashfs               25893  1
loop                   18243  2

Network is up

/ # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:33:B0:C2:D2 inet addr:192.168.1.108 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:20514 (20.0 KiB) TX bytes:684 (684.0 B)

but modloop does not load This patch fix this issue (hope to see it mainstream soon)

localhost:~# diff /etc/init.d/modloop modloop.new 
--- /etc/init.d/modloop 
+++ modloop.new
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
        local search_dev="$1" fstab="$2" 
        local dev mnt fs mntopts chk
        case "$search_dev" in
-               UUID=*|LABEL=*|/dev/*);;
+               UUID=*|LABEL=*|/dev/*|nfs);;
                *) search_dev=/dev/$search_dev;;
        esac
        local search_real_dev=$(resolve_dev $search_dev)
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@
                                fi
                        done
                done
+               if [ "$fs" = "$search_dev" ]; then
+                       echo "$mnt" 
+                       return
+               fi
        done < $fstab 2>/dev/null
 }

References

http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/PXELINUX

nfs

192.168.1.3

see http://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/User_talk:Jch#NFS_bug_study
It is now working with http://dev.alpinelinux.org/~clandmeter/rpcbind-0.2.3_rc2-r0.apk

We serve the content of an usb key (iso) in ro as

/srv/boot/alpine	*(ro,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)

http

192.168.1.4

With package Darkhttpd from repo serving from /var/tftpboot/ to serve files needed to boot (kernel, rootfs, apkovl.tar.gz)

nbd

192.168.1.5

I really would like to have xnbd-server in AL. nbd-3.1.0 was just added to edge/testing repo; need to try it in real situation...
For now, we have a qcow2 debian image added to the apkovl with lbu add; lbu ci.
This image is used to launch a first KVM with /dev/mdX as second drive.
In turn, inside the KVM, vdb is used to define a lvm2 volume.
The LV are published with xnbd-server.

Later on, the same KVM will be able to connect to RBD device and re-publish it as NBD.

xnbd-server allows live migration of Block Devices while live. And has a powerfull proxy mode.

All other KVM are running from FS accessed trough NBD from such SAN. Even other SAN.
As soon as those KVM-NBD are up, they may be used to launch others or to provide datastores.

We put that image on every USB key we use along with mdadm and OpenVSwitch (and collectd).

dns

192.168.1.6

tinydns from repo with split-dns config.

Building a complete infrastucture with AL

I'm doing it. It's for real! That's my daily job at present ^^

I'm building a full private cloud bootstraped with only an AlpineLinux USB key for each physical machine. But next ones will be able to boot from network; not even USB keys will be needed. As a matter of fact, we used more than only one physical USB key because we didn't started from scratch but had a live migration from Debian to Alpine for most of the services and machines...

If there is some feed-back, I may develop config files and so on ;)

As I started from scratch and OpenVSwitch was not available in Alpine at that time yet, It took me a while to build everything. But to reproduce it, it would be piece of cake!

We use qemu-kvm for KVM. But I guess one may use whatever Virtual Machine technology one likes.

This is the presentation of a use case. Not a HOW TO. And it's still a work in progess...

Network

Firewall

We put a dedicated physical machine on each link between our LAN and other networks. It just run iptables and some paquets accounting metrology.

Router

Physical machine connected to our LAN and other networks (trough a firewall). A static routing table do the trick.

Switches

All physical machines run OpenVSwitch reproducing virtually all physical switches we have plus some virtuals only.

VPN

All physical machines run openVPN as client to as many switch defined less the physical interfaces of the machine. There is an openVPN server somewhere running in a KVM connected to needed switches.

Storage

SAN

On each physical machine, a couple of HDD are mounted in raid1 witch mdadm. This raid array is passed as parameter to a KVM who in turn mount it as physical volume for LVM. The created LV are published as NBD with xnbd-server. For the time being, this KVM is running debian 7.8 as xnbd is not in Alpine (yet?)..

The SAN also connects to the CEPH cluster as client and publish reached RBD as NBD with xnbd-server. For the time being, this KVM is running debian 7.8 as no xnbd nor RBD are in Alpine (yet?)..

NAS

Some KVM is mounting some NBD as local drives and publishing some directories as NFS shares.
We now have nfs and nbd in AL.

CEPH

KVM with physical HDD as parameters are used for building OSD and MON needed to operate a CEPH cluster. One KVM is the "console" to drive it from a single point of presence (usefull but not "needed").For the time being, those KVM are running debian 7.8 as CEPH and RBD are not in Alpine (yet?)..

Low-level services

No service at all is running in the AL on bare metal. All are running is some KVM connected to needed switches by the means of the OpenVSwitches. The apkovl on the USB keys contains only the scripts to launch KVM and one image file to launch the first SAN. Other KVM are launched from LV in the SAN.

dhcp

Exactly two KVM stored in different SAN, primary and secondary in failover mode, are running dhcpd from repo.
We just have to configure it properly.

We have to test if dhcpd may run in a LXC instead of a KVM?

DNS

tinydns from repo with split-dns config.

Resolver

With dnscache from repo.

Those KVM have manually assigned IP address in the LAN and does know a gateway to the Internet.
They use themselves as resolver...
They know the direct manually assigned IP address in the LAN of the main DNS server of selected domains (for split dns configuration).

PXEboot

kernel and initrd files in tftp server.
copy of usb content in nfs server.
apkovl files in darkhttpd server.

Time server

The router (who has access to internet) usr ntpd (or similar) from repo, to act as client to the WAN and server to the LAN.

syslog

With syslog-ng from repo, we receive the logs from all machines be it physical or virtual.
It's the only place who needs logrotate from repo.

HTTP proxy/cache

The web proxy/cache squid, from repo, uses a NBD as cache. It has a link to the internet to forward requests and one to the LAN.

Because of him, no machine, as they are all connected to the LAN, be it physical or virtual, needs a published default gateway. And all machines are able to install/upgrade packages or to see the WWW as client.

We point all AL boxes to this KVM with setup-proxy.

Monitoring

shinken from sources in some LXC with barely only the python package installed

Metrology

Collectd (one LXC as server, all other machines, be it physical or virtual, as client) with collectd-network from repo.
A couple of lines in CGP config file is enough for now.

Backups

with common tools: rsync, tar, nc, bzip2, openssh, cron

LDAP

openldap with openldap-back-hdb, both from repo.

http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/backends.html states
> The hdb backend to slapd(8) is the recommended primary backend for a normal slapd database.
And
> Note: The hdb backend has superseded the bdb backend, and both will soon be deprecated in favor of the new mdb backend.

> The mdb backend to slapd(8) is the upcoming primary backend for a normal slapd database. It uses OpenLDAP's own Lightning Memory-Mapped Database (LMDB) library to store data and is intended to replace the Berkeley DB backends.

Unfortunately there is no openldap-back-mdb package in AL yet.

High-level services

in LXC AL whenever possible.
in LXC Debian as second choice
in KVM otherwise.

x2goserver

I did package nx-libs and x2goserver. I'm waiting for the packages to be included in edge/testing. They are already being used for single app access. Next step is full desktop but we are not sure if AL is the right choice for full desktop usage for our customers...

unfortunately, x2goclient pops up "kex error : did not find one of algos diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 in list curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 for kex algos" need to specify diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 in sshd_config. Luckyly a fix exists and my business partner is looking after a way to enhance it's security upstream.

ejabberd

with ejabberd from edge/testing repo. I migrate the mnesia DB from an old debian squeeze just copying the files and changing ownership in a LXC-AL. I just had to disable mod_pubsub to have it run properly. Authentification is done with openLDAP. I now plan to migrate a very very old jabberd (11 years I guess) running on a debian etch to it if I find a way to keep users's password and rosters... I also would like to use it as a gateway to IRC to follow #alpine, #alpine-devel and #x2go channels ;) Some other ejabberd features are interesting to my organisation and we will experiment more in depth, namely mod_sip, mod_stun, mod_proxy65...

redmine

in a brand new LXC with edge/main and edge/testing repos
mostly following Redmine page
I use a mariaDB server on another host where I did create the user and pushed the sqldump from a running redmine 3.0.0 instance

apk update
apk upgrade
reboot
setup-timezone
apk add redmine
apk add ruby-unicorn
cp /etc/unicorn/redmine.conf.rb.sample /etc/unicorn/redmine.conf.rb
vi /etc/conf.d/unicorn
vi /etc/redmine/database.yml 
apk add sudo
apk add ruby-mysql2
apk add ruby-yard
apk add tzdata
cd /usr/share/webapps/redmine
sudo -u redmine rake generate_secret_token
sudo -u redmine RAILS_ENV=production rake db:migrate

email

LDAP

SMTP in

Antispam

Antivirus

SMTP store

IMAP

SMTP relay

SMTP out

Webmail

webhosting

Front-end

Back-end static

Back-end dynamic

Master key

We want to be able to bootstrap the full infrastructure from only one usb key and one machine with physical access (to insert the usb key obviously).

This key will run AL stable. With only very few packages installed. But some images on the storage.

almirror:~# du -shc /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/????/*/x86_64
3.4G    /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/edge/main/x86_64
1.3G    /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/edge/releases/x86_64
2.3G    /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/edge/testing/x86_64
3.2G    /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/v3.1/main/x86_64
6.5G    /var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/v3.1/releases/x86_64
16.6G   total

A repo with stable and edge will be present on the 32GB USB stick.

Initial packages

dhcpd tftp syslinux nfs darkhttp openssh vim openvswitch mdadm qemu screen collectd collectd-network gptdisk irqbalance ssmtp mailx

Bootstrap PXEboot capacity

First, we setup the network. Remember, this is a bootstrap. We assume nothing.
It means we may take any decision we see fit.

Our primary machine is the only fixed point for now. Let's give it the number 1.
All machines will be connected to the LAN. We know nothing yet about other NICs.
First we must decide about the LAN_IP_RANGE. For instance be it 192.168.1.0/24.

We will use complicated network setup, let's start by installing openvswitch

rc-service networking start
apk add openvswitch consul
rc-update add ovs-modules
rc-update add ovsdb-server
rc-update add ovs-vswitch
rc-service ovs-modules start
rc-service ovsdb-server start
rc-service ovs-vswitch start
ovs-vsctl add-br lan
ovs-vsctl add-br wan
ovs-vsctl add-br storage
ovs-vsctl add-br ipmi
ovs-vsctl add-br vpn
ovs-vsctl add-port lan eth0
vi /etc/network/interfaces #iface eth0 inet manual
                           #iface lan inet dhcp
rc-service networking restart
rc-service sshd restart

No machine will offer service from bare metal. LXC will be prefered, KVM otherwise.

if /dev/sda # bare metal or first level KVM
then
 apk add qemu-system-x86_64 screen libusb
 modprobe kvm
 modprobe kvm-intel
 modprobe kvm-amd
 modprobe tun
elif /dev/vda # second level KVM
 ## 
fi

On instancie un PXEboot server

screen -m -d -S KVM-PXE-01 qemu-system-x86_64 -kvm -kernel /kernel -initrd /initrd -append alpine_dev=...,apkovl=... -net -net -drive /media/usb/custom/pxeboot.img,ro

La suite immédiate se fait dans cette VM

screen -r KVM-PXE-01

We need the storage space from the usb key to handle boot images and apkovl files (as vda1).
In KVM-PXE-01

setup-alpine --mode data
vi /etc/network/interfaces #iface eth0 inet static LAN_IP=1
reboot KVM-PXE-01
apk add dhcpd 
rc-update dhcpd
vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf  #filename "pxelinux.0";
                         #next-server ${LAN_IP};
apk add darkhttp
rc-update add darkhttpd
vi /etc/darkhttp ${LAN_IP}
rc-service darkhttpd start
apk add tftp-hla
rc-update add tftp
vi /etc/tftp  ${LAN_IP}
rc-service tftp start
apk add nfs-utils
rc-update add nfs
vi /etc/exports /var/tftpboot/media ${LAN_IP_RANGE}
cp -pr /media/usb /var/tftpboot/media
rc-service nfs start 
mkdir -p /var/tftpboot/alpine
cp /media/usb/boot/vmlinuz* /var/tftpboot/alpine/
cp /media/usb/boot/modloop* /var/tftpboot/alpine/
apk add mkinitfs
cd /etc/mkinitfs
vi features.d/network.modules
vi features.d/dhcp.files
vi features.d/dhcp.modules
vi features.d/nfs.modules
vi mkinitfs.conf # add network, dhcp, nfs and squashfs
mkinitfs -o /var/tftpboot/alpine/pxerd
apk del mkinitfs
apk add syslinux
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/tftpboot/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/tftpboot/
apk del syslinux
mkdir -p /var/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
vi /var/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
src=rsync://rsync.alpinelinux.org/alpine/ 
dest=/var/www/localhost/htdocs/alpine/
exclude="--exclude v2.[0-9] --exclude v3.0 --exclude edge-uclibc --exclude armhf --exclude x86/"
mkdir -p "$dest"
/usr/bin/rsync -prua \
       $exclude \
       --delete \
       --timeout=600 \
       --delay-updates \
       --delete-after \
       "$src" "$dest"
dest=/var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl/
mkdir -p "$dest"
apk add consul
rc-update add consul default
configure consul as server
rc-service consul start
apk add timeserver
rc-update add timeserver
rc-service timeserver start
apk add dnscache
vi /etc/dnscache.conf
rc-update add dnscache
rc-service dnscache start
apk add git
consul service add pxe
consul service add repo
consul service add dnscache
consul service add timeserver
# detect if running from key or from pxe
if $run_from_usb()
then # /media/usb
 mkdir -p /var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl
 cd /var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl
 git init
 # populate with default config for PXEboot client
 git add .
 git commit -m "apkovl:: initial commit"
else # /media/alpine
 ## 
 consul join pxeserver
 rm -fr /var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl
 cd /var/www/localhost/htdocs/
 git clone apkovl
 cd /var/tftpboot/
 git clone pxelinux.cfg
fi
if consul leader = self
then
 rc-service dhcpd restart
else
 rc-service dhcpd stop
 dhclient lan
fi
check_consul_leader_is_dhcpd_server()

Bootstrap regular machines

setup-alpine --mode none
rc-service networking start
apk add openvswitch consul openssh lxc rsync screen git curl collectd collectd-network
rc-update add consul
rc-update add sshd
rc-update add collectd
rc-update add ovs-modules
rc-update add ovsdb-server
rc-update add ovs-vswitch
rc-service ovs-modules start
rc-service ovsdb-server start
rc-service ovs-vswitch start
ovs-vsctl add-br lan
ovs-vsctl add-br wan
ovs-vsctl add-br storage
ovs-vsctl add-br ipmi
ovs-vsctl add-br vpn
ovs-vsctl add-port lan eth0
vi /etc/network/interfaces #iface eth0 inet manual
                           #iface lan inet dhcp
rc-service networking restart
mkdir -p ~/.ssh
scp -r pxeserver:bootstrap/ssh/authorized_keys ~/.ssh/
chmod -R go-rwx ~/.ssh
lbu add ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rc-service consul start
consul join pxeserver
consul service add ssh check
if /dev/sda
 then # prepare SAN
  apk add qemu-system-x86_64 screen libusb
  modprobe kvm
  modprobe kvm-intel
  modprobe kvm-amd
  modprobe tun
  apk add mdadm
  rc-update add mdadm
  rc-update add mdadm-raid
  mdadm create raid1 /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
  consul service add raid
  screen -m -d -S storage qemu -net -net -boot n -drive /dev/md0
  lbu package
  scp ~/${hostname}.apkovl.tar.gz pxeserver:/var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl/machine.apkovl.tar.gz
 elif /dev/vda and SAN
  apk add lvm2 nbd gptfdisk netcat # later we hope for rbd (ceph) also
  pv create /dev/vda
  vg create /dev/vda storage
  consul service add storage
  # every SAN will have a copy of the needed files to start a new PXE server
  lv create -L 32g -n pxeserver storage
  # we copy it from the running consul leader (the active PXE server)
  screen -m -d -S REC-pxeserver "nc -l -p 12345 | dd BS=16M of=/dev/storage/pxeserver"
  ssh pxeserver screen -m -d -S SND-pxeserver "dd BS=16M if=/dev/vda | nc ${self} 12345"
  nbd-server publish storage/pxeserver ro
  lbu package
  scp ~/${hostname}.apkovl.tar.gz pxeserver:/var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl/san.apkovl.tar.gz
 elif
  apk add xfsprogs btrfsprogs gptfdisk nfs-utils lxc
  consul service add lxc
  modprobe xfs nbd
  rc-update add nfs
  wget pxeserver:fichier_de_conf?name=${MAC}
  setup-alpine --mode data -f fichier_de_conf
  lbu package
  scp ~/${hostname}.apkovl.tar.gz pxeserver:/var/www/localhost/htdocs/apkovl/default.apkovl.tar.gz
fi
reboot

All we need now to boot another AL machines (be it physical or virtual) are some {MAC}.apkovl.tar.gz files served by darkhttpd. We badly need name resolution at this stage. DNS and resolver are needed. DNS to be updated dynamically by dhcp server with split-dns. Resolver knowing the fixed IP address on the DNS and the default route if known at this stage. Both may run in LXC inside this KVM-infra (like the other previous services). DNS will be djbdns and resolver will be dnscache (both from repo).

Then (for now) we need image of a debian install with xnbd-server and lvm2 to build SAN.
Also, on bare-metal we need mdadm to assemble raid1 arrays.
A new SAN is therefore, a MAC address (for debian boot as san), some BD as vda (raid1 from mdadm).
A new server is therefore, a MAC address (for AL boot), a apkovl file (MAC named), some data NBD from some SAN.
The apkovl will be downloaded at boot time with PXE provided address; before launching openvswitch! The IP address will then change because of the apparent MAC change when OVS becomes active.
We may use symlinks to MAC named config files to have a more human friendly view.

It is to be noted that after bootstrap KVM may move to other physical machines. While some KVM-infra is somehow connected to the LAN, everything stay alive! This precise image will be reproduced in every SAN build.

Deploy

After bootstraping, we dispose of a way to boot any AL KVM or bare-bone in about 10 sec.

First we deploy KVM-SAN on bare-metal.

Next we deploy KVM-AL grouping (or not) some LXC (AL or debian).

Second we deploy low-level services: syslog-ng, fail2ban, openVPN, la_console, http-reverse-proxy (primary and secondary), http-proxy, smtp relay, secondary resolver, secondary dns, ldap (primary and secondary), NAS, mariaDB, backups, collectd, shinken, local AL repo, git

Third intermediary services: smtp in, smtp out, antivirus, antispam, smtp store, imap, pop3, http, php, sip, jabber

High level services: x2goserver, lamp, mail toaster, webdav, redmine, etc

For each of those services, we provide a template in the form of a {kvm-template}.apkovl.tar.gz.
After customisation, "lbu package" followed by sending the a.tgz to the central repository is all needed.
We follow a naming convention for MAC:

For bare metal, the 3 first bytes of the MAC is the manufacturer ID.
We symlink that to the baremetal.apkovl.tar.gz.

For KVM, we fix the MAC ourself.
The first 2 bytes (AA:BB) are fixed.
The third one (CC) is the level type of the KVM.
The fourth one (DD) is the specific type of the template.
The last 2 ones are incremental unique ID.
So we are able to define pxelinux.cfg/AA:BB:CC:DD symlinks to config files defining use of {kvm-template}.apkovl.tar.gz.

As {kvm-template}.apkovl.tar.gz tend to be small, we can store a lot of those on the initial USB stick.
Depending on available space on the USB stick, we could offer {lxc-template}s that way from the USB stick to be downloaded from darkhttpd with wget to the right KVM. Or later on from any wanted NAS.

We add a couple of other OVS (WAN, STORAGE) in every machines. Some are connected to NIC. Some are connected to VPN. Netflow will be used in the future to manage the network (naas: network as a service). One of those OVS (WAN) allows connected machines to access the internet trough a default route passing through a physical firewall. STORAGE is used for data replication between SAN and NAS.

We have the list of bare-metal machines.
Those may launch KVM in one command.

We have the list of SAN KVM.
Those may create and publish NBD in two commands.
Even on diskless' machines those are present to offer nbd-proxy in one command.

All those command are grouped as one-liner scripts in some redundant NAS available from la_console.

Waiting for CEPH, we need a strategy for duplicating NBD accros SAN.

About NFS

NFS is now working with AL. Both as server and client with the nfs-utils package.
However, to use NFS as client in some LXC does not seems to work yet as shown below

nfstest:~# mount -t nfs -o ro 192.168.1.149:/srv/boot/alpine /mnt
mount.nfs: Operation not permitted
mount: permission denied (are you root?)
nfstest:~# tail /var/log/messages 
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.notice rpc.statd[431]: Version 1.3.1 starting
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.warn rpc.statd[431]: Flags: TI-RPC 
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.warn rpc.statd[431]: Failed to read /var/lib/nfs/state: Address in use
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.notice rpc.statd[431]: Initializing NSM state
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.warn rpc.statd[431]: Failed to write NSM state number: Operation not permitted
Apr  4 10:05:59 nfstest daemon.warn rpc.statd[431]: Running as root.  chown /var/lib/nfs to choose different user
nfstest:~# ls -l /var/lib/nfs
total 12
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Nov 10 15:43 etab
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Nov 10 15:43 rmtab
drwx------    2 nobody   root          4096 Apr  4 10:05 sm
drwx------    2 nobody   root          4096 Apr  4 10:05 sm.bak
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root             4 Apr  4 10:05 state
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root             0 Nov 10 15:43 xtab

msg from ncopa """ dmesg should tell you that grsecurity tries to prevent you to do this.

grsecurity does not permit the syscall mount from within a chroot since that is a way to break out of a chroot. This affects lxc containers too.

I would recommend that you do the mouting from the lxc host in the container config with lxc.mount.entry or similar.

https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/manpages/man5/lxc.container.conf.5.html#lbAR

If you still want disable mount protection in grsecurity then you can do that with: echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_deny_mount """

this is not working with

lxc.mount.entry=nfsserver:/srv/boot/alpine mnt nfs nosuid,intr 0 0

on the host machine with all nfs modules and helper software installed and loaded.

backend:~# lxc-start -n nfstest
lxc-start: conf.c: mount_entry: 2049 Invalid argument - failed to mount
'nfsserver:/srv/boot/alpine' on '/usr/lib/lxc/rootfs/mnt'
lxc-start: conf.c: lxc_setup: 4163 failed to setup the mount entries for
'nfstest'
lxc-start: start.c: do_start: 688 failed to setup the container
lxc-start: sync.c: __sync_wait: 51 invalid sequence number 1. expected 2
lxc-start: start.c: __lxc_start: 1080 failed to spawn 'nfstest'

Nor with

echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_deny_mount

on the host machine with all nfs modules and helper software installed and loaded which does'nt work either.

To find a proper way to use NFS shares from AL LXC is an important topic in order to be able to, for instance, load balance web servers sharing contents uploaded by users.

Next step will be to have HA for the NFS server itself (with only AL machines).

About NBD

NBD is now in edge/testing thanks to clandmeter.

I cannot test it properly at the moment because all the machine are busy in prod. and this package allows newstyle only. I'm waiting my new lab machine...

We still miss xnbd fot it's proxy features allowing live migration.

Also we are still looking after the right solution to backup NBD as a whole (versus by it's content) while in use. dd|nc is the used way nowadays.

New lab machine

Very soon, I will receive a brand new lab machine.

I plan to use lxc in qemu (KVM) in qemu (yes, twice!) to simulate a rack of servers running AL.

There will be 8 first level KVMs. A firewall, a router, storage nodes and compute nodes.

OpenVSwitch (OVS) will be used to simulate the networks (isp, internet, lan, storage, wan, ipmi).

The first level KVMs will receive block devices (BD) as logical volumes (LV) in LVM2 on top of a mdadm raid array composed with the physical hard disk drives.
They will assemble the received BD with mdadm and pass the raw raid as single BD tho the second level SAN KVMs. Those SAN will use LVM2 to publish LV as NBD on OVS "lan".
Some second level KVM will mount NBDs to expose NFS shares.
Other will mount NBS and NFS for real data access with containers (LXC) and expose services on OVS "wan" or "lan".

The first second level KVM to be launched will be a virtual laptop from an virtual USB stick. This particuliar machine with offer a PXEboot environment to the OVS "lan".
The storage and compute nodes will be launched with PXE on the OVS "lan" but will be able to run totally from RAM with no string attached to the boot devices (for instance the initial NFS share).

As soon as 1 SAN and 1 compute node will be available, the PXEboot server will reproduce himself from the virtual laptop USB stick to the compute node using the storage node to store the information about the setup; then live-migrate (keeping status of running machines).

eth0 is almays connected to OVS "lan" but on the firewall (connected to OVS "internet" and "isp").
The router is connected to all OVS but "isp" and "storage".
The storage nodes are connected to OVS "storage".
The compute nodes are connected to OVS "wan".

The DHCP lease is offered with no time limit after absence check on OVS "lan".

As a matter of fact, the only difference between a first and a second level KVM is sda first and vda second.

All machines run a consul instance.
The PXEboot server is a fixed known consul server guarantee to be present (otherwise boot does'nt even exist!).
On the N first compute nodes launched, a consul server KVM will be started (configured to reach a quorum of N) to replace the standard consul client.
As the state of a running cluster is always kept in the PXEboot server, This capacity is present in all consul server but active only on the actual consul leader.
We need to link or maintain the PXE configuration and bootstrap (including relevant apkovl) files to the consul key/value datastore to benefit from his resilience.
We need to hack lbu commit to push the resulting apkovl to all consul servers (as they are also stand-by copy of the consul leader).
Each consul election need to enforce the consul leader as the active PXE server.

In the real rack, at this stage, we just switch machine on connected to right switches after checking that it will boot trough PXE on first NIC (eth0).
In our simulator, we can manually start a KVM as fake physical machine (sda) or have a script on the real physical lab machine driving the lyfe cycle of those KVMs.

About consul

nothing yet but big hopes ^^ I'm lurking IRC about it ;)

Open questions

What memory footprint is needed?
What about dynamycally adapt quorum size?

Are checks possible triggers?

consul watch -prefix type -name name /path/to/executable

consul event [options] -name name [payload]

What best practice to store etc configurations?