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Install and configure Sway
#redirect[[Sway]]
 
== Install Graphics Drivers ==
 
Graphics drivers:
 
* [[Intel Video]]
* [[Radeon Video]]
* [[Nvidia Video]]
 
== Add a normal user ==
 
Use <code>setup-user</code> to add a non-system normal user for running Sway.
 
== Install seatd ==
 
Install seatd, a minimal seat management daemon.  This grants the required permissions to the user running sway:
 
apk add seatd
 
# add seatd to boot run-level, because it must be running before greetd
rc-update add seatd boot
 
rc-service seatd start
adduser $USER seat
 
== Install elogind (optional) ==
 
elogind is used to enable suspend-to-RAM with swayidle:
 
apk add elogind
rc-update add elogind
rc-service elogind start
 
== Set up eudev ==
 
[[eudev]] is recommended and required for the greeter. Or else it will not be able to find any input device (libinput failure).
 
setup-devd udev
 
== Install greetd (optional) ==
 
greetd is used to set [[Wayland#XDG_RUNTIME_DIR|XDG_RUNTIME_DIR]] and properly configure seat:
 
apk add greetd greetd-gtkgreet cage greetd-openrc
rc-update add greetd
adduser greetd seat
 
In <code>/etc/greetd/config.toml</code>, set
 
<pre>
[default_session]
 
command = "cage -s -- gtkgreet"
</pre>
 
In <code>/etc/greetd/environments</code>, set
<pre>
# Launch Sway with a D-Bus server available, use:
dbus-run-session -- sway
</pre>
 
We need to run sway with <code>dbus-run-session</code>, this is needed for PipeWire and screensharing in Firefox and Chromium.
 
== Install doas ==
Doas is used to grant permissions for suspend-to-RAM and brightness control with brightnessctl:
 
apk add doas brightnessctl
# optionally, allow $USER root access with password
adduser $USER wheel
 
In <code>/etc/doas.conf</code>, set
 
permit :wheel
permit nopass $USER as root cmd /bin/loginctl
permit nopass $USER as root cmd /usr/bin/brightnessctl
 
After setting the above, suspend-to-RAM can be triggered by running
 
/bin/loginctl suspend
 
(use full path to executable) and brightness can be adjusted by running
 
/usr/bin/brightnessctl set 100
 
== Install fonts ==
 
Install DejaVu fonts, which has good Unicode coverage:
 
apk add font-dejavu
 
== Install PipeWire, WirePlumber and XDG portals ==
 
For a reasonable desktop experience with support for audio and screensharing, install pipewire, wireplumber and xdg portals:
 
apk add pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-tools
apk add wireplumber
apk add xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
 
Later, we need to launch PipeWire with Sway and configure several environment variables.
 
== Install Sway ==
 
apk add sway \
    xwayland            \ # if you need xserver
    foot                \ # default terminal emulator. Modify $term in config for a different one.
    bemenu              \ # wayland native menu for choosing program and screensharing monitor
    swaylock swaylockd  \ # lockscreen tool
    grim                \ # screenshot tool
    wl-clipboard        \ # clipboard management
    i3status            \ # simple status bar
    swayidle              # idle management (DPMS) daemon
 
For complimentary software alternatives, see for example [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/List_of_software_for_Wayland this list at Gentoo Wiki.]
 
== Configuration ==
 
Copy default sway configuration to <code>~/.config</code>:
 
# as normal user
mkdir -p ~/.config/sway
cp /etc/sway/config ~/.config/sway/
 
Read through it to learn the default keybindings.
Sway configuration is mostly backwards-compatible with that of [[I3wm|i3]] and if you are looking for a solution for a specific issue, you may also try checking if it hasn't been provided for i3WM.
 
For additional information, start at <code>man 5 sway</code> and read the [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki upstream wiki].
 
Launch PipeWire with Sway, add the following to sway config:
 
exec /usr/libexec/pipewire-launcher
 
You also need to set DBus variables for the portal and screensharing features to work:
 
exec dbus-update-activation-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
 
Replace dmenu (depends on X server) with bemenu (Wayland native) for launching programs and selecting which screen to share in Firefox/Chromium:
 
set $menu dmenu_path | bemenu | xargs swaymsg exec --
 
Set a mouse cursor, using GNOME Adwaita theme:
 
seat "*" xcursor_theme Adwaita 16
 
Set screen lock and suspend-to-RAM:
 
exec swayidle -w \
          timeout 300 'swaylock --daemonize' \
          timeout 330 'doas /bin/loginctl suspend' \
          before-sleep 'swaylock --daemonize'
 
Do not lock the screen if program is running in full screen:
 
for_window [app_id="^.*"] inhibit_idle fullscreen
 
== Output scaling for high resolution displays ==
 
Without further configuration, program interfaces might be too small to use on high resolution displays.
 
Sway supports the per-display configuration of
 
* fractional (e.g., 1.5x), and
* integer scaling (e.g., 2x)
 
However, fractional scaling is discouraged due to both the performance impact and the blurry output it produces. In this case, where 1x scaling is too small and 2x scaling is too large, program-specific GTK/QT based scaling is recommended.  See below.
 
To enable Sway scaling, the user can first preview different scaling factors with <code>wdisplays</code> package.  Note the output name (eDP-1, LVDS-1) and try apply scaling factors such as 1 and 2.  To make changes permanent, add
 
<pre>
output <name> scale <factor>
</pre>
 
to ~/.config/sway/config.
 
To use toolkit scaling, use
{{Cmd|# for GTK-based programs such as firefox and emacs:
export GDK_DPI_SCALE{{=}}2
 
<nowiki>#</nowiki> for QT-based programs
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI{{=}}"physical"
<nowiki>#</nowiki> or if still too small, use a custom DPI
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI{{=}}192 # 2x scaling
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM{{=}}"wayland-egl"
}}
 
== Make clipboard content persistent ==
By default the clipboard content does not persist after terminating the program: you copy some text from Firefox and then exit Firefox, the copied text is also lost.
 
Install clipman from testing repo and add the following to sway config:
 
<pre>
exec wl-paste --type text/plain --watch clipman store --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"
bindsym $mod+h exec clipman pick --tool wofi --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"
</pre>
 
== Firefox picture-in-picture mode/floating windows ==
Add this to your sway config file (modify the numeric values to suit your needs and your display):
<pre>
for_window [app_id="firefox" title="^Picture-in-Picture$"] floating enable, move position 877 450, sticky enable, border none
</pre>
 
== Screenshots ==
A simple tool that works well under Wayland is Grimshot. Example keybindings:
<pre>
bindsym Print exec grimshot copy area
bindsym Shift+Print exec grimshot copy screen
bindsym Control+Print exec grimshot save area ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
bindsym Control+Shift+Print exec grimshot save screen ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
</pre>
 
See [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway the sway wiki's article] for a list of screenshot tools.
 
== Start with NumLock enabled ==
Add this to your sway config file:
<code>input type:keyboard xkb_numlock enabled</code>
 
== Change cursor theme and size ==
Add to your sway config:
<pre>
seat seat0 xcursor_theme my_cursor_theme my_cursor_size
</pre>
You can inspect their values with <code>echo $XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>echo $XCURSOR_THEME</code>. If reloading your config does not result in change, try logging out and in.
{{Note|Wayland uses client-side cursors. It is possible that applications do not evaluate the values of <code>$XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>$XCURSOR_THEME</code>.}}
 
 
== Custom keyboard layout ==
 
Since wayland does not support setxkbmap, you will also need to add similar content to your ''/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml'', after <code></modelList></code> and after <code><layoutList></code>:
<pre>
<layout>
      <configItem>
        <name>[the name of your layout, same as the name of the file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols]</name>
        <shortDescription>[usually just two letters]</shortDescription>
        <description>[description of your layout]</description>
        <countryList>
          <iso3166Id>US</iso3166Id>
          <iso3166Id>NO</iso3166Id>
        </countryList>
        <languageList>
          <iso639Id>eng</iso639Id>
        </languageList>
      </configItem>
    </layout>
<!--[other layouts]-->
</pre>
Then, to enable for all keyboards, navigate to the input section of ''~/.config/sway/config'' and modify it to
<pre>
input * {
  xkb_layout "my_layout"
}
</pre>
If you have enabled <code>xkb_numlock</code>, include this setting inside those braces as well.
 
== Default font ==
 
This is not related to Sway, but still nice to have: change system wide default font selection.  In <code>/etc/fonts/conf.d/52-my-default-fonts.conf</code>, set
<pre>
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <!-- Default fonts -->
  <alias binding="same">
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias binding="same">
    <family>serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>DejaVu Serif</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
  <alias binding="same">
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>
</fontconfig>
</pre>
You can obtain a list of installed fonts with <code>fc-list</code>.

Latest revision as of 23:51, 23 February 2024

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