Software management: Difference between revisions

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{{Draft}}
This page documents various ways to manage software in Alpine Linux. [[#Graphical software manager|Graphical software managers]] are available to supplement [[#Alpine Package Keeper|apk]] to manage official software packages along with [[#Flatpak|Flatpaks]].


If you want to run glibc programs under alpine there are a few ways to do so.You could install glibc additional to uclibc (you would have to do this manualy) or you could do the easy way and use a chroot.<br>
This page also documents ways to [[#Running glibc programs|run software compiled with glibc]] including graphical programs like {{ic|Visual Studio Code}}, {{ic|google-chrome}}, {{ic|obsidian}} etc...
Because there are different usecases I want to give a slight overview about what's possible and what is intelligent.<br>


==Your options==
== Alpine package keeper ==
===Using Busybox===
{{Main|Alpine Package Keeper}}
First the most simple approach for setting up a chroot is using a glibc build of busybox.<br>
The official package manager in Alpine Linux [[Alpine Package Keeper|Alpine Package Keeper(apk)]] is a cli tool. [[Comparison_with_other_distros#Comparison_chart/Rosetta_Stone|Rosetta stone]] shows how standard package management tasks are done in Alpine Linux compared to other popular distributions.  
This approach has just a few downsides:<br>
- You have to link most /bin/ and /usr/bin program against /bin/busybox and some busybox builds break if you don't configure it right.<br>
- You have to manually download every library you need for your program manually.<br><br>
But if you want a small enviroment for one simple use case this is the solution you want.


===Using a livecd===
== Graphical software manager ==
If you prefer any special distri you can always download and extract a livecd and use it as a chroot enviroment.


===Using a stage3 gentoo archive===
The following graphical tools are available to manage software packages from [[Repositories|official repositories]] and [[#Flatpak|Flatpaks]].
This is the fastest approach and you have the advantage of controlling which package version of which library you will install.<br>
Drawbacks are as follow:<br>
- Big build.You have to install a portage tree which uses up a lot of space.(It's not 100% necessary if you don't have to install any additional content you don't need it)<br>
- On slow mashines not recommended because you have to compile your packages.<br>


===Using Archlinux or Debian===
=== Gnome software ===
If you want a nice running system you can install Arch or Debian in a chroot.This approach isn't as easily executed as the other alternatives, but are in my opinion the cleanest and most recommended for the every day user.


==How to do it==
Gnome [[GNOME#Configuration|Software]] can be used as a GUI front end for apk for managing official software packages and flatpaks.
Like I said this is just a quick draft so here it comes.
===Using Busybox===
First we need to download busybox.You can choose any of your favourit distros to download a prebuild version.I for instance would use Archlinux packages from http://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/i686/busybox/.<br>
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/i686/busybox/download/ -O busybox.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/glibc/download/ -O glibc.pkg.tar.xz
mkdir -p ~/chroot/usr/bin/ ~/chroot/{dev,proc,root,etc}
for i in *.pkg.tar.xz;do
bsdtar xfJ $i -C ~/chroot
done
cp /etc/resolv.conf ~/chroot/etc/
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/sh
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/ln
sudo chroot ~/chroot/ /bin/sh


This creates a simple chroot enviroment which we will expand through all commands included in busybox.
=== KDE Discover ===
for i in $(busybox --list);do ln -s /bin/busybox /usr/bin/$i;done


===Using a livecd===
KDE [[KDE#Discover|Discover]] can be used as a GUI front end for apk for managing official software packages and flatpaks.
WIP


===Using a stage3 tar archive===
== Flatpak ==
Select a mirror from http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors2.xml , switch to /releases/x86/current-stage3/ and download the latest tar ball (for me stage3-i686-20120124.tar.bz2 ).
{{Main|Flatpak}}
wget http://de-mirror.org/gentoo/releases/x86/current-stage3/stage3-i686-20120124.tar.bz2
mkdir ~/chroot
tar xfj stage3-i686-*.tar.bz2 -C ~/chroot
sudo chroot ~/chroot
And voila you got your working gentoo chroot.<br>
You can now take a look at http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/?catid=desktop to find out how you can configure and install your system or simply extract/copy the program you need to run in your chroot enviroment and execute it.


===Using Archlinux or Debian===
[[Flatpak#Installing_Flatpak|Flatpak]] is by far the easiest method for running programs not available in the official Alpine Linux [[Repositories|repositories]]. To use flatpaks, ensure that [[Flatpak#Installing_Flatpak|Flathub repository]] is enabled.
====Archlinux====
WIP
====Debian====
Use the provided debootstrap package to create the Debian chroot. --arch is optional depending of your needs.<br>
On linux-grsec kernel you'll need to relax chroot limitations.


  sudo apk add debootstrap
== Running glibc programs ==
  for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 0 | sudo tee $i; done
  mkdir ~/chroot
  sudo debootstrap --arch=i386 wheezy ~/chroot http://http.debian.net/debian/
  for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 1 | sudo tee $i; done
  sudo chroot ~/chroot /bin/bash


You can now use apt-get to install needed packages.
If you want to run [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ glibc] programs in Alpine Linux, there are a few ways of doing so.  


==Example==
For simpler binaries, you can install [[#gcompat|gcompat]] a compatibility layer or you could do it the easy way and use [[#Flatpak|Flatpaks]]. See [[#Containers|containers]] or [[#Chroot|chroot]] section for ways to run glibc programs including graphical ones.
===Source Dedicated Server===
Here is an easy example of how you can run http://www.srcds.com in a simple busybox chroot.<br>
For this server you will only need the basic chroot and a advanced tar version (the busybox version is not sufficient because of the missing -U command).<br>
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/i686/busybox/download/ -O busybox.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/glibc/download/ -O glibc.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/tar/download/ -O tar.pkg.tar.xz
mkdir -p ~/chroot/usr/bin/ ~/chroot/{dev,proc,root,etc}
for i in *.pkg.tar.xz;do
bsdtar xfJ $i -C ~/chroot
done
cp /etc/resolv.conf ~/chroot/etc/
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/sh
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/ln
sudo chroot ~/chroot/ /bin/sh
Now that you are in a working chroot you can download the server and install it.You just have to execute the following self explaining commands.
mkdir ~/work
cd ~/work
busybox wget http://www.steampowered.com/download/hldsupdatetool.bin
chmod +x hldsupdatetool.bin
ln -s /bin/busybox ./uncompress
cp /bin/tar . #right now executing programs from $PATH is buggy soon to be fixed (no bug in busybox but in my script)
./hdsupdatetool.bin #you can accept it or not ;)
./steam
./steam
And you should have a working chroot with srcds installed in it.<br>
If you think you are clever or elegant you can use the server with a bash script.
#!/bin/bash
chroot ~/chroot /root/work/steam $@
Just save it (in your alpine installation) under /usr/bin/steam do a chmod +x /usr/bin/steam and have phun.<br>
WARNING:<br>
This script would let steam run with root priviliges.This is not recommended.


===MegaCli===
=== gcompat ===
So let's run MegaCli in a chroot to shall we? ;)<br>
First we set up a uclibc chroot :)<br>
MegaCli needs more than just glibc it needs ncurses and the gcc-libs.
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/i686/busybox/download/ -O busybox.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/glibc/download/ -O glibc.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/ncurses/download/ -O ncurses.pkg.tar.xz
wget http://www.archlinux.org/packages/core/i686/gcc-libs/download/ -O gcc-libs.pkg.tar.xz
mkdir -p ~/chroot/usr/bin/ ~/chroot/{dev,proc,root,etc,sys}
cp /etc/resolv.conf ~/chroot/etc/
for i in *.pkg.tar.xz;do
bsdtar xfJ $i -C ~/chroot
done
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/sh
ln -s /bin/busybox ~/chroot/bin/ln


After this we visit this site http://www.lsi.com/downloads/Public/MegaRAID%20Common%20Files/8.02.16_MegaCLI.zip and download 8.02.16_MegaCLI.zip.<br>
[https://git.adelielinux.org/adelie/gcompat gcompat] is a library which provides glibc-compatible APIs for use on musl libc systems like Alpine Linux. To install issue the command: {{cmd|apk add {{pkg|gcompat}}}}
mkdir tmp
After that you run your binaries as normal.
cd tmp
unzip ../8.02.16_MegaCLI.zip
cd LINUX
unzip MegaCliLin.zip
#Now comes code stolen from rpm2cpio
o=`expr 96 + 8`
set `od -j $o -N 8 -t u1 MegaCli-8.02.16-1.i386.rpm`
il=`expr 256 \* \( 256 \* \( 256 \* $2 + $3 \) + $4 \) + $5`
dl=`expr 256 \* \( 256 \* \( 256 \* $6 + $7 \) + $8 \) + $9`
sigsize=`expr 8 + 16 \* $il + $dl`
o=`expr $o + $sigsize + \( 8 - \( $sigsize \% 8 \) \) \% 8 + 8`
set `od -j $o -N 8 -t u1 MegaCli-8.02.16-1.i386.rpm`
il=`expr 256 \* \( 256 \* \( 256 \* $2 + $3 \) + $4 \) + $5`
dl=`expr 256 \* \( 256 \* \( 256 \* $6 + $7 \) + $8 \) + $9`
hdrsize=`expr 8 + 16 \* $il + $dl`
o=`expr $o + $hdrsize`
dd if=MegaCli-8.02.16-1.i386.rpm ibs=$o skip=1 2>/dev/null |bsdtar -xf -
#wow ...
rm opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 # who needs 64bit?
cp -r opt/ ~/chroot/
Now we got a working MegaCli client in our chroot.<br>
Like with srcds we don't want to operate from inside the chroot so here is a little script that should ease you up. (use at your own risk)


#!/bin/bash
For an usage example, refer [[Firefox#DRM_content_using_Widevine_workaround|Firefox]] page, where gcompat is used to run glibc compiled Widevine binary.
user=$(whoami)
if [ "$user" != "root" ];then
echo "This script needs root access"
exit
fi
mount -t proc proc ~/chroot/proc/
mount --bind /dev/ ~/chroot/dev/
mount --bind /sys/ ~/chroot/sys/
#we may need dev and maybe proc too to use this program
chroot ~/chroot /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli $@
umount ~/chroot/proc
umount ~/chroot/dev
umount ~/chroot/sys
Save it under /usr/bin/MegaCli .Do a chmod +x /usr/bin/MegaCli and good luck.
Hf
PS
This method takes around 50mb.If you need something smaller you can strip a few files from glibc (not recommended) or work on a squashfs.<br>
With
mksquashfs ~/chroot/ /chroot.sfs -b 65536
you can create a squashfs that is around 15mb small.When you add an unionfs layer you can even use it with write access or you can bind some dirs to the writeable dirs before you chroot into it.<br>
I will look into it later on.<br>
You can save the chroot in another dir than your home dir and you an even install a chroot through a APKBUILD (after someone wrote it).<br>
Through this you could use many glibc dependend programs through one chroot, but be aware that running programs like this should not be standard but only be used in extreme situations like for _closed source_ tools linked against glibc.


===Skype on Debian chroot===
== Chroot ==
WIP - Not yet validated<br>
{{Main|Chroot}}
This is an example on how to run Skype from a Debian 32b chroot.
An option that's easier to generalize to other glibc applications is installing a glibc-based distribution into a chroot. You can then either chroot into it, or use a symlink and some configuration to make its glibc (and associated libraries) usable from Alpine.
  sudo chroot ~/chroot
  wget http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-deb
  dpkg -i getskype-linux-deb
To fix missings deps you'll want to use:
  apt-get -f install
Then exit the chroot
  exit
Fix PAX flags on Skype binary - linux-grsec only.<br>
ELF marking with paxctl cannot be used cause Skype binary refuses to run if modified<br>
CONFIG_PAX_XATTR_PAX_FLAGS is NOT yet available in linux-grsec
  sudo apk add attr
  sudo setfattr -n user.pax.flags -v "em" ~/chroot/usr/bin/skype
Mount needed directories in the chroot read-only to limit access to the system devices.<br>
Give write access to /dev/v4l and /dev/snd to let Skype use webcam device - Skype is not compatible with Alsa anymore and requires Pulseaudio running.
  sudo mount -o bind /proc ~/chroot/proc
  sudo mount -o bind,ro,remount /proc ~/chroot/proc
  sudo mount -o bind /sys ~/chroot/sys
  sudo mount -o bind,ro,remount /sys ~/chroot/sys
  sudo mount -o bind /dev ~/chroot/dev
  sudo mount -o bind,ro,remount /dev ~/chroot/dev
  sudo mount -o bind /dev/v4l ~/chroot/dev/v4l
  sudo mount -t tmpfs -o nodev,nosuid,noexec shm $CHROOT_PATH/dev/shm
Enter the chroot and create a user
  sudo chroot ~/chroot
  useradd -G audio,video <username>
  exit
Then run skype as your newly created user
  sudo chroot ~/chroot /bin/su - <username> -c /usr/bin/skype


{{Tip|The most reliable way to enter a chroot is to use the [[Chroot#Enter_chroot|start-chroot]] script.}}
After setting up a chroot using any of the methods described below, the loader can be set up in Alpine like so (these instructions are for a Debian chroot in /var/chroots/debian, on x86_64, but can be adapted to other systems by using the appropriate paths):
{{cmd|mkdir -p /lib64
ln -s /var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.33.so /lib64
printf '/var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n/var/chroots/debian/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n' > /etc/ld.so.conf
/var/chroots/debian/sbin/ldconfig}}
=== Gentoo Linux ===
Select a stage3 from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/ here] and portage latest from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/ here] at gentoo/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.xz.
First,{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|xz}}}}
Enter the chroot:
{{cmd|mkdir ~/chroot
cd ~/chroot
tar -xvf stage3-*.tar.xz
tar -xvf portage-latest.tar.xz
mv portage usr
doas mount --bind /dev dev
doas mount --bind /sys sys
doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot . /bin/bash}}
And voilà, you have your working Gentoo chroot!<br>
You can now take a look at [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:Main_Page Gentoo's Handbook] to find out how you can configure and install your system, or simply extract/copy the program you need to run in your chroot enviroment and execute it.
Here is a wrapper script that is similar to <code>arch-chroot</code> when you frequently reuse this chroot:
Also, create an account with the same user name as host current user to the chroot or make changes to the userspec option to chroot line.
{{Cat|gentoo-chroot.sh|<nowiki>!/bin/bash
CHROOT_PATH="/home/$USER/chroot"
cd $CHROOT_PATH
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/dev || doas mount --bind /dev dev
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/sys || doas mount --bind /sys sys
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/proc || doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot --userspec=$USER:users . /bin/bash
echo "You must manually unmount $CHROOT_PATH/dev, $CHROOT_PATH/sys, $CHROOT_PATH/proc."
</nowiki>
}}
Do at <code>chmod +x gentoo-chroot.sh</code> to get it to work.
=== Arch Linux ===
{{Seealso|Installing ArchLinux inside an Alpine chroot}}
Either use '''pacstrap''' (included with the arch-install-scripts package) or an Arch bootstrap image:
{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|arch-install-scripts}}
mkdir ~/chroot && cd ~/chroot
curl -O https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst
doas tar -x --zstd -f archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst && rm archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst
doas sed -i '/evowise/s/^#//' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
doas sed -i '/CheckSpace/s/^/#/' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.conf
doas arch-chroot root.x86_64
[chroot]# pacman-key --init
[chroot]# pacman-key --populate archlinux}}
Once that is done, update the system and install the desired package(s) (denoted by ''"foo"'' in this example):
 
{{cmd|[chroot]# pacman -Syu ''foo''}}
=== Debian ===
Alpine Linux provides {{pkg|debootstrap}} package to create the Debian chroot. Here are the steps: {{cmd|<nowiki># apk add debootstrap
# mkdir -p /var/chroots/debian
# debootstrap --arch amd64 stable /var/chroots/debian/ https://deb.debian.org/debian </nowiki>}}
The {{ic|--arch}} is optional, depending on your needs.
For updating the Chroot or for installing applications i.e packages and their dependencies using {{ic|apt-get}}, mount it and then login as root:
{{cmd|<nowiki># mount --bind /dev /var/chroots/debian/dev
# mount --bind /proc /var/chroots/debian/proc
# mount --bind /dev/pts /var/chroots/debian/dev/pts
# chroot /var/chroots/debian /bin/bash
[chroot]# apt update && apt upgrade</nowiki>}}
After installing the necessary applications and what you might want to do, exit the chroot and umount the binds for /dev/pts, dev and proc to avoid issues.
{{cmd|<nowiki># umount /var/chroots/debian/dev/pts
# umount /var/chroots/debian/dev
# umount /var/chroots/debian/proc</nowiki>}}
== Containers ==
=== Distrobox + Podman ===
[[Distrobox]] combined with [[Podman|podman]] container running in rootless mode allows running [[Distrobox#Running_graphical_programs|glibc compiled graphical programs]] easy. This doesn't require root privileges once set up.
=== Bubblewrap + Chroot===
A script {{ic|glibc}} is used to create a container using [[Bubblewrap]] where a [[#Debian|Debian chroot]] is the content of that container. It's not just a chroot anymore; it's a bubblewrap powered isolated environment. This allows running graphical programs easy and doesn't require root privileges once installed.
[[Install]] the {{pkg|bubblewrap}} package.
Set up [[#Debian|Debian chroot]] at {{path|/var/chroots/debian}} and install necessary glibc applications using {{ic|apt-get}}.
Create an alias {{ic|glibc}} using bwrap in the Alpine Linux host to start applications from the [[#Debian|Debian chroot]].
{{cmd|$ alias glibc{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group"}}
To run programs that use X11/Xorg you can use:
{{cmd|$ alias glibcX11{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group --bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 --setenv DISPLAY :0"}}
In this case you might need to use {{ic|xhost}} on the Alpine Linux host to allow local connections, e.g.:
{{cmd|# xhost + local:}}
Now we can invoke glibc-built binaries using the alias from the Alpine Linux host like so:
{{cmd|$ glibc ./binary}} or {{cmd|$ glibcX11 ./binary}}
When [[Wayland]] desktop like [[Sway]] runs without {{pkg|xwayland}} on the Alpine Linux host, electron apps like {{ic|vscode}}, {{ic|google-chrome}} etc needs to be started as follows:{{ic|<nowiki>$ glibc code --ozone-platform=wayland</nowiki>}}.
== See also ==
* [[Alpine Package Keeper]]
* [[Installing ArchLinux inside an Alpine chroot]]
* [[Compile software from source]]
[[Category:Package Manager]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Latest revision as of 23:55, 17 July 2025

This page documents various ways to manage software in Alpine Linux. Graphical software managers are available to supplement apk to manage official software packages along with Flatpaks.

This page also documents ways to run software compiled with glibc including graphical programs like Visual Studio Code, google-chrome, obsidian etc...

Alpine package keeper

Main article: Alpine Package Keeper

The official package manager in Alpine Linux Alpine Package Keeper(apk) is a cli tool. Rosetta stone shows how standard package management tasks are done in Alpine Linux compared to other popular distributions.

Graphical software manager

The following graphical tools are available to manage software packages from official repositories and Flatpaks.

Gnome software

Gnome Software can be used as a GUI front end for apk for managing official software packages and flatpaks.

KDE Discover

KDE Discover can be used as a GUI front end for apk for managing official software packages and flatpaks.

Flatpak

Main article: Flatpak

Flatpak is by far the easiest method for running programs not available in the official Alpine Linux repositories. To use flatpaks, ensure that Flathub repository is enabled.

Running glibc programs

If you want to run glibc programs in Alpine Linux, there are a few ways of doing so.

For simpler binaries, you can install gcompat a compatibility layer or you could do it the easy way and use Flatpaks. See containers or chroot section for ways to run glibc programs including graphical ones.

gcompat

gcompat is a library which provides glibc-compatible APIs for use on musl libc systems like Alpine Linux. To install issue the command:

apk add gcompat

After that you run your binaries as normal.

For an usage example, refer Firefox page, where gcompat is used to run glibc compiled Widevine binary.

Chroot

Main article: Chroot

An option that's easier to generalize to other glibc applications is installing a glibc-based distribution into a chroot. You can then either chroot into it, or use a symlink and some configuration to make its glibc (and associated libraries) usable from Alpine.

Tip: The most reliable way to enter a chroot is to use the start-chroot script.

After setting up a chroot using any of the methods described below, the loader can be set up in Alpine like so (these instructions are for a Debian chroot in /var/chroots/debian, on x86_64, but can be adapted to other systems by using the appropriate paths):

mkdir -p /lib64 ln -s /var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.33.so /lib64 printf '/var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n/var/chroots/debian/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n' > /etc/ld.so.conf /var/chroots/debian/sbin/ldconfig

Gentoo Linux

Select a stage3 from here and portage latest from here at gentoo/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.xz.

First,

doas apk add xz

Enter the chroot:

mkdir ~/chroot cd ~/chroot tar -xvf stage3-*.tar.xz tar -xvf portage-latest.tar.xz mv portage usr doas mount --bind /dev dev doas mount --bind /sys sys doas mount -t proc proc proc cp /etc/resolv.conf etc doas chroot . /bin/bash

And voilà, you have your working Gentoo chroot!

You can now take a look at Gentoo's Handbook to find out how you can configure and install your system, or simply extract/copy the program you need to run in your chroot enviroment and execute it.

Here is a wrapper script that is similar to arch-chroot when you frequently reuse this chroot:

Also, create an account with the same user name as host current user to the chroot or make changes to the userspec option to chroot line.

Contents of gentoo-chroot.sh

!/bin/bash CHROOT_PATH="/home/$USER/chroot" cd $CHROOT_PATH mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/dev || doas mount --bind /dev dev mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/sys || doas mount --bind /sys sys mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/proc || doas mount -t proc proc proc cp /etc/resolv.conf etc doas chroot --userspec=$USER:users . /bin/bash echo "You must manually unmount $CHROOT_PATH/dev, $CHROOT_PATH/sys, $CHROOT_PATH/proc."

Do at chmod +x gentoo-chroot.sh to get it to work.

Arch Linux

See also: Installing ArchLinux inside an Alpine chroot

Either use pacstrap (included with the arch-install-scripts package) or an Arch bootstrap image:

doas apk add arch-install-scripts mkdir ~/chroot && cd ~/chroot curl -O https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst doas tar -x --zstd -f archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst && rm archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.zst doas sed -i '/evowise/s/^#//' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist doas sed -i '/CheckSpace/s/^/#/' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.conf doas arch-chroot root.x86_64 [chroot]# pacman-key --init [chroot]# pacman-key --populate archlinux

Once that is done, update the system and install the desired package(s) (denoted by "foo" in this example):

[chroot]# pacman -Syu foo

Debian

Alpine Linux provides debootstrap package to create the Debian chroot. Here are the steps:

# apk add debootstrap # mkdir -p /var/chroots/debian # debootstrap --arch amd64 stable /var/chroots/debian/ https://deb.debian.org/debian

The --arch is optional, depending on your needs.

For updating the Chroot or for installing applications i.e packages and their dependencies using apt-get, mount it and then login as root:

# mount --bind /dev /var/chroots/debian/dev # mount --bind /proc /var/chroots/debian/proc # mount --bind /dev/pts /var/chroots/debian/dev/pts # chroot /var/chroots/debian /bin/bash [chroot]# apt update && apt upgrade

After installing the necessary applications and what you might want to do, exit the chroot and umount the binds for /dev/pts, dev and proc to avoid issues.

# umount /var/chroots/debian/dev/pts # umount /var/chroots/debian/dev # umount /var/chroots/debian/proc

Containers

Distrobox + Podman

Distrobox combined with podman container running in rootless mode allows running glibc compiled graphical programs easy. This doesn't require root privileges once set up.

Bubblewrap + Chroot

A script glibc is used to create a container using Bubblewrap where a Debian chroot is the content of that container. It's not just a chroot anymore; it's a bubblewrap powered isolated environment. This allows running graphical programs easy and doesn't require root privileges once installed.

Install the bubblewrap package.

Set up Debian chroot at /var/chroots/debian and install necessary glibc applications using apt-get.

Create an alias glibc using bwrap in the Alpine Linux host to start applications from the Debian chroot.

$ alias glibc="LANG=en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group"

To run programs that use X11/Xorg you can use:

$ alias glibcX11="LANG=en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group --bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 --setenv DISPLAY :0"

In this case you might need to use xhost on the Alpine Linux host to allow local connections, e.g.:

# xhost + local:

Now we can invoke glibc-built binaries using the alias from the Alpine Linux host like so:

$ glibc ./binary

or

$ glibcX11 ./binary

When Wayland desktop like Sway runs without xwayland on the Alpine Linux host, electron apps like vscode, google-chrome etc needs to be started as follows:$ glibc code --ozone-platform=wayland.

See also

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