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| = Objectives =
| | This is a guide for installing Alpine Linux with its root partition on an encrypted [[ZFS]] volume, using ZFS's own encryption capabilities. The system will be encrypted when powered off and will need to be unlocked by typing a passphrase at boot. To be able to boot the system, the `/boot` partition remains unencrypted. |
| This guide aims to setup encrypted Alpine Linux on ZFS with a layout compatible with boot environments. Mirror and RAID-Z supported. | |
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| |
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| Except EFI system partition and boot pool {{ic|/boot}}, everything is encrypted. Root pool is encrypted with ZFS native encryption and swap partition is encrypted with dm-crypt.
| | == Initial Setup == |
|
| |
|
| To do an unencrypted setup, simply omit {{ic|-O keylocation -O keyformat}} when creating root pool.
| | Download the '''extended''' release from https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/ as only it contains the zfs kernel modules the time of writing.as on (2022-02-12). Write it to a USB device and boot from it. |
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| |
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| = Notes =
| | Run the following to start the installation procedure: {{cmd|setup-alpine}} |
| == Swap on ZFS will cause dead lock ==
| |
| You shouldn't use a ZVol as a swap device, as it can deadlock under memory pressure. See [https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/7734] This guide will set up swap on a separate partition with plain dm-crypt.
| |
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| |
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| Resume from swap is not possible, because the key of swap partition can not be stored in the unencrypted boot pool. BusyBox initramfs only supports unlocking exactly one LUKS container at boot, therefore boot pool and swap partition can not be both LUKS encrypted. A possible workaround is to import and mount boot pool after booting the system via systemd service.
| | Answer all the questions, and hit {{Key|Ctrl}}+{{Key|C}} when prompted for which disk you'd like to use. |
|
| |
|
| == Resume from ZFS will corrupt the pool == | | === Optional: SSH access === |
| ZFS does not support freeze/thaw operations, which is required for resuming from hibernation, or suspend to disk. Attempt to resume from a swap on ZFS '''WILL''' corrupt the pool. See [https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/260]
| |
| == Encrypted boot pool ==
| |
| GRUB supports booting from LUKS-1 encrypted containers. Therefore, it is possible to encrypt both boot pool and root pool to achieve full disk encryption.
| |
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| |
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| To do this, format boot pool partition as LUKS-1 container and supply the encryption password here. Use keyfile for root pool and embed the keyfile in initramfs.
| | This section is optional and it assumes internet connectivity. You may enable sshd so you can ssh into the box and copy and paste the rest of the commands from these instructions into a terminal window. |
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| |
|
| Since there isn't any sensitive information in {{ic|/boot}} anyway (unless you want to use a persistent LUKS encrypted swap partition for resume from hibernation), encrypting boot pool provides no meaningful benefit and complicates the installation and recovery process.
| | Edit {{path|/etc/ssh/sshd_config}} and search for `Permit`. Change the value after `PermitRootLogin` to read `yes` |
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| |
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| == DO NOT set bootfs property! ==
| | save and exit to shell. Run {{codeline|service sshd restart}} |
| Do not set {{ic|bootfs}} on any pool!
| |
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| |
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| It will override {{ic|1=root=ZFS=rpool/ROOT/dataset}} kernel parameter and render boot environment menu in GRUB '''INVALID'''.
| | Now you can ssh in as root. Do not forget to go back and comment this line out when you're done since it will be enabled on the resulting machine. You will be reminded again at the end of this doc. |
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| As GRUB support of ZFS is read-only, you will need to boot into live environment to unset this property if `bootfs` dataset is broken.
| | === Add required packages === |
|
| |
|
| Boot environment menu is currently only available for GRUB. More info see [https://gitlab.com/m_zhou/bieaz bieaz boot environment manager readme].
| | {{cmd|apk add {{pkg|zfs}} {{pkg|sfdisk}} {{pkg|e2fsprogs}} {{pkg|syslinux}}}} |
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| |
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| = Pre-installation = | | == Partition setup == |
| UEFI is required. Supports single disk & multi-disk (stripe, mirror, RAID-Z) installation.
| |
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| |
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| '''Existing data on target disk(s) will be destroyed.''' | | We're assuming that {{path|/dev/sda}} is the target storage device here and in the rest of the document, but the name of the storage device you wish to install to may be different. To see a list of storage devices and determine the correct one, type {{codeline|sfdisk -l}}. |
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| Download the '''extended''' release from https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/, it's shipped with ZFS kernel module.
| | {{cmd|echo -e "/dev/sda1: start{{=}}1M,size{{=}}100M,bootable\n/dev/sda2: start{{=}}101M" | sfdisk --quiet --label dos /dev/sda}} |
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| Write it to a USB and boot from it.
| | === Create device nodes === |
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| |
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| == Setup live environment ==
| | {{cmd|mdev -s}} |
| Run the following command to setup the live environment, select default option {{ic|1=disk=none}} at the last step when asked for disk mode. See [[Installation#Questions_asked_by_setup-alpine]].
| |
| setup-alpine
| |
| The settings given here will be copied to the target system later by {{ic|setup-disk}}.
| |
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| == Install system utilities == | | === Create the {{path|/boot}} filesystem === |
| apk update
| |
| apk add eudev sgdisk grub-efi zfs
| |
| modprobe zfs
| |
| Here we must install eudev to have persistent block device names. '''Do not use''' /dev/sda for ZFS pools.
| |
|
| |
|
| Now run the following command to populate persistent device names in live system:
| | {{cmd|mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1}} |
| setup-udev
| |
|
| |
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| = Variables = | | == ZFS setup == |
| In this step, we will set some variables to make our installation process easier.
| |
| DISK=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-HXY_120G_YS
| |
| Use unique disk path instead of {{ic|/dev/sda}} to ensure the correct partition can be found by ZFS.
| |
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| Other variables
| | === Create the root zpool === |
| TARGET_USERNAME='your username'
| |
| ENCRYPTION_PWD='your root pool encryption password, 8 characters min'
| |
| TARGET_USERPWD='user account password'
| |
| Create a mountpoint
| |
| MOUNTPOINT=`mktemp -d`
| |
| Create a unique suffix for the ZFS pools: this will prevent name conflict when importing pools on another Root on ZFS system. | |
| poolUUID=$(dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/stdout bs=1 count=100 2>/dev/null |tr -dc 'a-z0-9' | cut -c-6)
| |
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|
| = Partitioning = | | {{cmd|modprobe zfs |
| For a single disk, UEFI installation, we need to create at lease 3 partitions:
| | zpool create -f -o ashift{{=}}12 \ |
| * EFI system partition
| | -O acltype{{=}}posixacl -O canmount{{=}}off -O compression{{=}}lz4 \ |
| * Boot pool partition
| | -O dnodesize{{=}}auto -O normalization{{=}}formD -O relatime{{=}}on -O xattr{{=}}sa \ |
| * Root pool partition
| | -O encryption{{=}}aes-256-gcm -O keylocation{{=}}prompt -O keyformat{{=}}passphrase \ |
| Since [[GRUB]] only partially support ZFS, many features needs to be disabled on the boot pool. By creating a separate root pool, we can then utilize the full potential of ZFS.
| | -O mountpoint{{=}}/ -R /mnt \ |
| | rpool /dev/sda2}} |
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| |
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| Clear the partition table on the target disk and create EFI, boot and root pool parititions:
| | You will have to enter your passphrase at this point. Choose wisely, as your passphrase is most likely [https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#5-security-aspects the weakest link in this setup]. |
| sgdisk --zap-all $DISK
| |
| sgdisk -n1:0:+512M -t1:EF00 $DISK
| |
| sgdisk -n2:0:+2G $DISK # boot pool
| |
| sgdisk -n3:0:0 $DISK # root pool
| |
| If you want to use a multi-disk setup, such as mirror or RAID-Z, partition every target disk with the same commands above.
| |
|
| |
|
| == Optional: Swap partition == | | A few notes on the options supplied to zpool: |
| [[Swap]] support on ZFS is also problematic, therefore it is recommended to create a separate Swap partition if needed. This guide will cover the creation of a separate swap partition.(can not be used for hibernation since the encryption key is discarded when power off.)
| | <ul> |
| | <li>{{codeline|ashift{{=}}12}} is recommended here because many drives today have 4KiB (or larger) physical sectors, even though they present 512B logical sectors</li> |
| | <li>{{codeline|acltype{{=}}posixacl}} enables POSIX ACLs globally</li> |
| | <li>{{codeline|normalization{{=}}formD}} eliminates some corner cases relating to UTF-8 filename normalization. It also enables `utf8only=on`, meaning that only files with valid UTF-8 filenames will be accepted.</li> |
| | <li>{{codeline|xattr{{=}}sa}} vastly improves the performance of extended attributes, but is Linux-only. If you care about using this pool on other OpenZFS implementation don't specify this option.</li></ul> |
|
| |
|
| If you want to use swap, reserve some space at the end of disk when creating root pool:
| | After completing this, confirm that the pool has been created: |
| sgdisk -n3:0:-8G $DISK # root pool, reserve 8GB for swap at the end of the disk
| |
| sgdisk -n4:0:0 $DISK # swap partition
| |
|
| |
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| = Boot and root pool creation =
| | {{cmd|# zpool status}} |
| As mentioned above, ZFS features need to be selectively enabled for GRUB. All available features are enabled when no {{ic|feature@}} is supplied.
| |
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| |
|
| Here we explicitly enable those GRUB can support.
| | Should return something like: |
| zpool create \
| |
| -o ashift=12 -d \
| |
| -o feature@async_destroy=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@bookmarks=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@embedded_data=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@empty_bpobj=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@enabled_txg=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@extensible_dataset=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@filesystem_limits=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@hole_birth=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@large_blocks=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@lz4_compress=enabled \
| |
| -o feature@spacemap_histogram=enabled \
| |
| -O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \
| |
| -O devices=off -O normalization=formD -O relatime=on -O xattr=sa \
| |
| -O mountpoint=/boot -R $MOUNTPOINT \
| |
| bpool_$poolUUID $DISK-part2
| |
| Nothing is stored directly under bpool and rpool, hence {{ic|1=canmount=off}}. The respective {{ic|mountpoint}} properties are more symbolic than practical.
| |
|
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|
| For root pool all available features are enabled by default
| | pool: rpool |
| echo $ENCRYPTION_PWD | zpool create \
| | state: ONLINE |
| -o ashift=12 \ | | scan: none requested |
| -O encryption=aes-256-gcm \ | | config: |
| -O keylocation=prompt -O keyformat=passphrase \ | | |
| -O acltype=posixacl -O canmount=off -O compression=lz4 \ | | NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM |
| -O dnodesize=auto -O normalization=formD -O relatime=on \ | | rpool ONLINE 0 0 0 |
| -O xattr=sa -O mountpoint=/ -R $MOUNTPOINT \ | | sda2 ONLINE 0 0 0 |
| rpool_$poolUUID $DISK-part3 | | |
| | errors: No known data errors |
|
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| == Notes for multi-disk == | | === Create the required datasets and mount root === |
| For mirror:
| |
| zpool create \
| |
| ... \
| |
| bpool_$poolUUID mirror \
| |
| /dev/disk/by-id/target_disk1-part2 \
| |
| /dev/disk/by-id/target_disk2-part2
| |
| zpool create \
| |
| ... \
| |
| rpool_$poolUUID mirror \
| |
| /dev/disk/by-id/target_disk1-part3 \
| |
| /dev/disk/by-id/target_disk2-part3
| |
| For RAID-Z, replace mirror with raidz, raidz2 or raidz3.
| |
|
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|
| = Dataset creation =
| | {{cmd|zfs create -o mountpoint{{=}}none -o canmount{{=}}off rpool/ROOT |
| This layout is intended to separate root file system from persistent files. See [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/User:M0p/Root_on_ZFS_Native_Encryption/Layout] for a description.
| | zfs create -o mountpoint{{=}}legacy rpool/ROOT/alpine |
| {{Text art|<nowiki> | | mount -t zfs rpool/ROOT/alpine /mnt/}} |
| zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none rpool_$poolUUID/HOME | |
| zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT
| |
| zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none bpool_$poolUUID/BOOT
| |
| zfs create -o mountpoint=/ -o canmount=noauto rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default
| |
| zfs create -o mountpoint=/boot -o canmount=noauto bpool_$poolUUID/BOOT/default | |
| zfs mount rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default
| |
| zfs mount bpool_$poolUUID/BOOT/default
| |
| d='usr var var/lib'
| |
| for i in $d; do zfs create -o canmount=off rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default/$i; done
| |
| d='srv usr/local'
| |
| for i in $d; do zfs create rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default/$i; done
| |
| d='log spool tmp'
| |
| for i in $d; do zfs create rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default/var/$i; done
| |
| zfs create -o mountpoint=/home rpool_$poolUUID/HOME/default
| |
| zfs create -o mountpoint=/root rpool_$poolUUID/HOME/default/root
| |
| zfs create rpool_$poolUUID/HOME/default/$TARGET_USERNAME
| |
| </nowiki>}}
| |
| Depending on your application, separate datasets need to be created for folders inside {{ic|/var/lib}}(not itself!)
| |
|
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|
| Here we create several folders for persistent (shared) data, like we just did for {{ic|/home}}.
| | === Mount the {{path|/boot}} filesystem === |
| d='libvirt lxc docker'
| |
| for i in d; do zfs create rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default/var/lib/$i; done
| |
| {{ic|lxc}} is for Linux container, {{ic|libvirt}} is for storing virtual machine images, etc.
| |
|
| |
|
| = Format and mount EFI partition =
| | {{cmd|mkdir /mnt/boot/ |
| mkfs.vfat -n EFI $DISK-part1
| | mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/}} |
| mkdir $MOUNTPOINT/boot/efi
| |
| mount -t vfat $DISK-part1 $MOUNTPOINT/boot/efi
| |
|
| |
|
| = Install Alpine Linux to target disk = | | === Enable ZFS' services === |
| == Preparations == | |
| GRUB will not find the correct path of root device without ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=YES.
| |
| export ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=YES
| |
| setup-disk refuse to run on ZFS by default, we need to add ZFS to the supported filesystem array.
| |
| sed -i 's|supported="ext|supported="zfs ext|g' /sbin/setup-disk
| |
|
| |
|
| == Run setup-disk ==
| | {{cmd|rc-update add zfs-import sysinit |
| BOOTLOADER=grub USE_EFI=y setup-disk -v $MOUNTPOINT
| | rc-update add zfs-mount sysinit}} |
| Note that grub-probe will still fail despite ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=YES variable set above. We will deal with this later inside chroot.
| |
|
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|
| = Chroot into new system = | | == Install Alpine Linux == |
| m='dev proc sys'
| |
| for i in $m; do mount --rbind /$i $MOUNTPOINT/$i; done
| |
| chroot $MOUNTPOINT /usr/bin/env TARGET_USERPWD=$TARGET_USERPWD TARGET_USERNAME=$TARGET_USERNAME poolUUID=$poolUUID /bin/sh
| |
|
| |
|
| = Finish GRUB installation = | | {{cmd|setup-disk /mnt |
| As GRUB installation failed half-way in [[#Run setup-disk]], we will finish it here.
| | dd if{{=}}/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin of{{=}}/dev/sda # write mbr so we can boot}} |
|
| |
|
| Apply GRUB ZFS fix:
| | Reboot and enjoy! |
| echo 'export ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH=YES' >> /etc/profile
| |
| Reload
| |
| source /etc/profile
| |
| Apply fixes in [#GRUB fixes].
| |
| == GRUB fixes ==
| |
| 1. GRUB will fail to detect the ZFS filesystem of {{ic|/boot}} with {{ic|stat}} from BusyBox.
| |
| See [https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grub.git/tree/util/grub-mkconfig.in source file of grub-mkconfig], the problem is:
| |
| GRUB_DEVICE="`${grub_probe} --target=device /`"
| |
| # will fail with `grub-probe: error: unknown filesystem.`
| |
| GRUB_FS="`${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs 2> /dev/null || echo unknown`"
| |
| # will also fail. The final fall back is
| |
| if [ x"$GRUB_FS" = xunknown ]; then
| |
| GRUB_FS="$(stat -f -c %T / || echo unknown)"
| |
| fi
| |
| # `stat` from coreutils will return `zfs`, the correct answer
| |
| # `stat` from BusyBox will return `UNKNOWN`, cause `10_linux` script to fail
| |
| Therefore we need to install {{ic|coreutils}}.
| |
| apk add coreutils
| |
| === Missing root pool ===
| |
| 2. GRUB will stuff an empty result if it does not support root pool.
| |
| [https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2021-01/msg00003.html This patch] will warn about failed detection and allow customized detection method.
| |
|
| |
|
| Before the patch is merged, I recommend to replace the following in {{ic|/etc/grub.d/10_linux}}
| | '''NOTE:''' If you went with the optional step, be sure to disable root login after you reboot. |
| rpool=`${grub_probe} --device ${GRUB_DEVICE} --target=fs_label 2>/dev/null || true`
| |
| with
| |
| rpool=`blkid -s LABEL -o value ${GRUB_DEVICE}`
| |
| And you must install
| |
| apk add util-linux
| |
| since {{ic|blkid}} from BusyBox does not support ZFS.
| |
|
| |
|
| == Generate grub.cfg == | | == See also == |
| After applying fixes, finally run
| | * [[ZFS]] |
| grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
| | * [https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Getting%20Started/Alpine%20Linux/Root%20on%20ZFS.html OpenZFS Guide for Alpine Linux] |
|
| |
|
| = Importing pools on boot =
| | [[Category:Storage]] |
| {{ic|zpool.cache}} will be added to initramfs and zpool command will import pools contained in this cache.
| | [[Category:Installation]] |
| zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache rpool_$poolUUID
| | [[Category:Security]] |
| zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache bpool_$poolUUID
| |
| | |
| = Initramfs fixes =
| |
| == Fix zfs decrypt ==
| |
| Apply fixes in [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/mkinitfs/-/merge_requests/76/diffs this merge request].
| |
| == Enable persistent device names ==
| |
| Apply fixes in [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/mkinitfs/-/merge_requests/77/diffs this merge request].
| |
| | |
| With the changes in merge request applied, add {{ic|eudev}} to {{ic|/etc/mkinitfs/mkinitfs.conf}}.
| |
| sed -i 's|zfs|zfs eudev|' /etc/mkinitfs/mkinitfs.conf
| |
| Rebuild initramfs with
| |
| mkinitfs $(ls -1 /lib/modules/)
| |
| | |
| = Mount datasets at boot =
| |
| rc-update add zfs-mount sysinit
| |
| rc-update add zfs-zed sysinit # zfs monitoring
| |
| Mounting {{ic|/boot}} dataset with fstab need {{ic|1=mountpoint=legacy}}:
| |
| umount /boot/efi
| |
| zfs set mountpoint=legacy bpool_$poolUUID/BOOT/default
| |
| mount /boot
| |
| mount /boot/efi
| |
| | |
| = Add normal user account =
| |
| adduser -s /bin/sh -G wheel -G video -H -D -h /home/$TARGET_USERNAME $TARGET_USERNAME
| |
| chown -R $TARGET_USERNAME /home/$TARGET_USERNAME
| |
| echo "$TARGET_USERNAME:$TARGET_USERPWD" | chpasswd
| |
| Root account is accessed via {{ic|su}} command with root password.
| |
| | |
| Optionally install {{ic|sudo}} to disable root password and use user's own password instead.
| |
| | |
| = Boot environment manager =
| |
| [https://gitlab.com/m_zhou/bieaz bieaz] is a simple boot environment management shell script with GRUB integration. | |
| | |
| It has been submitted to aports, see [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/merge_requests/16406 this merge request].
| |
| | |
| = Optional: Enable encrypted swap partition =
| |
| Install {{ic|cryptsetup}}
| |
| apk add cryptsetup
| |
| Edit the <code>/mnt/etc/mkinitfs/mkinitfs.conf</code> file and append the <code>cryptsetup</code> module to the <code>features</code> parameter:
| |
| features="ata base ide scsi usb virtio ext4 lvm <u>cryptsetup</u> zfs eudev"
| |
| Add relevant lines in {{ic|fstab}} and {{ic|crypttab}}. Replace {{ic|$DISK}} with actual disk.
| |
| echo swap $DISK-part4 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256,size=256 >> /etc/crypttab
| |
| echo /dev/mapper/swap none swap defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
| |
| Rebuild initramfs with {{ic|mkinitfs}}.
| |
| | |
| = Finish installation =
| |
| Take a snapshot for the clean installation for future use and export all pools.
| |
| exit
| |
| zfs snapshot -r rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT/default@install
| |
| zfs snapshot -r bpool_$poolUUID/BOOT/default@install
| |
| Pools must be exported before reboot, or they will fail to be imported on boot.
| |
| mount | grep -v zfs | tac | grep $MOUNTPOINT | awk '{print $3}' | \
| |
| xargs -i{} umount -lf {}
| |
| zpool export bpool_$poolUUID
| |
| zpool export rpool_$poolUUID
| |
| | |
| = Reboot =
| |
| | |
| reboot
| |
| = Disk space stat =
| |
| Without optional swap or cryptsetup:
| |
| *bpool used 25.2M
| |
| *rpool used 491M
| |
| *efi used 416K
| |
| | |
| = Recovery in Live environment =
| |
| Boot Live environment (extended release) and install packages:
| |
| setup-alpine # basic settings: keyboard layout, timezone ...
| |
| apk-add zfs eudev # zfs-utils and persistent device name support
| |
| setup-udev # populate persistent names
| |
| modprobe zfs # load kernel module
| |
| Create a mount point and store encryption password in a variable:
| |
| MOUNTPOINT=`mktemp -d`
| |
| ENCRYPTION_PWD='YOUR DISK ENCRYPTION PASSWORD, 8 MINIMUM'
| |
| Find the unique UUID of your pool with
| |
| zpool import
| |
| Import rpool without mounting datasets: {{ic|-N}} for not mounting all datasets; {{ic|-R}} for alternate root.
| |
| poolUUID=abc123
| |
| zpool import -N -R $MOUNTPOINT rpool_$poolUUID
| |
| Load encryption key
| |
| echo $ENCRYPTION_PWD | zfs load-key -a
| |
| As {{ic|1=canmount=noauto}} is set for {{ic|/}} dataset, we have to mount it manually. To find the dataset, use
| |
| zfs list rpool_$poolUUID/ROOT
| |
| Mount {{ic|/}} dataset
| |
| zfs mount rpool_$UUID/ROOT/''$dataset''
| |
| Mount other datasets
| |
| zfs mount -a
| |
| Import bpool
| |
| zpool import -N -R $MOUNTPOINT bpool_$UUID
| |
| Find and mount the {{ic|/boot}} dataset, same as above.
| |
| zfs list bpool_$UUID/BOOT
| |
| mount -t zfs bpool_$UUID/BOOT/''$dataset'' $MOUNTPOINT/boot # legacy mountpoint
| |
| Chroot
| |
| mount --rbind /dev $MOUNTPOINT/dev
| |
| mount --rbind /proc $MOUNTPOINT/proc
| |
| mount --rbind /sys $MOUNTPOINT/sys
| |
| chroot $MOUNTPOINT /bin/sh
| |
| | |
| After chroot, mount {{ic|/efi}}
| |
| mount /boot/efi
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| After fixing the system, don't forget to umount and export the pools:
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| mount | grep -v zfs | tac | grep $MOUNTPOINT | awk '{print $3}' | \
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| xargs -i{} umount -lf {}
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| zpool export bpool_$poolUUID
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| zpool export rpool_$poolUUID
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