Installation: Difference between revisions

From Alpine Linux
(WIP reduce adn split info part 1)
(remove things about privacy and paranoic behaviour.. use only trivial info and let that things to specific pages or hand book)
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Alpine Linux are already installed in your media dumped, it means downloadble media files of Alpine Linux are already the system ready to use directly from the media where are dumped! [[Image:hdd_mount.png|right|link=]]
Alpine Linux are already installed in your media dumped, it means downloadble media files of Alpine Linux are already the system ready to use directly from the media where are dumped! [[Image:hdd_mount.png|right|link=]]
__TOC__
__FORCETOC__


{{Box GREEN|'''CLARIFICATIONS about media sources:'''|What is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have this installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it. '''All the media Alpine images are already Alpine running live systems, check '''}}
= Quick Requirements =
 
== Quick Requirements ==


This is a simple and quick reference list, nowadays any hardware is supported for Alpine Linux:
This is a simple and quick reference list, nowadays any hardware is supported for Alpine Linux:
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Highly '''recommended for more details or if you do not have great knowledge must to read [[Requirements|wiki page for requirements]]''': [[Requirements]]!
Highly '''recommended for more details or if you do not have great knowledge must to read [[Requirements|wiki page for requirements]]''': [[Requirements]]!


== Installation Overview ==
= Installation Overview =


It must be clear that alpine linux each image source media (whatever you download).. is the system already executable and ready to use, and what is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have the installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it.
It must be clear that alpine linux each image source media (whatever you download).. is the system already executable and ready to use, and what is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have the installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it.


=== Download the media source ===
== Download the media source ==


Just grab from [http://alpinelinux.org/downloads stable-release ISO image], for your computer's architecture, use the "architecture" name in each green button of download page.
'''Just grab from [http://alpinelinux.org/downloads stable-release ISO image]''', for your computer's architecture, '''use the "architecture" name in each green button''' of download page.


Most common case just download '''x86''' or '''x86_64''' types.. for further information check [[Requirements#Architectures|Architectures section]] and then [[Requirements#Media|Media Downloadable section]] of requirements wiki page.
Most common case just download '''x86''' or '''x86_64''' types.. for further information check [[Requirements#Architectures|Architectures section]] and then [[Requirements#Media|Media Downloadable section]] of requirements wiki page.
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Optionally you can perform a ''sha256'' checksum as described in [[Requirements#Checksum|Checksum section of Requirements]] wiki page but is not necessary in general cases.
Optionally you can perform a ''sha256'' checksum as described in [[Requirements#Checksum|Checksum section of Requirements]] wiki page but is not necessary in general cases.


=== Dump, burn or flash the image ===
== Dump, burn or flash the image ==


Depending of your hardware, now can dump the ISO image onto a media source like USB/SD flashing; or CD/DVD/BR disk with burning software.
Depending of your hardware, now can '''dump the ISO image onto a media source like USB/SD flashing; or CD/DVD/BR disk with burning''' software.


But you could check [[Alpine_newbie_install_manual#Ways_to_install_Alpine_listed_by_architectures|Ways_to_install_Alpine_listed_by_architectures]] wiki page if you have special cases like ARM or s390 machines.
But you could check [[Alpine_newbie_install_manual#Ways_to_install_Alpine_listed_by_architectures|Ways_to_install_Alpine_listed_by_architectures]] wiki page if you have special cases like ARM or s390 machines.


=== Boot and install process ===
== Boot and install process ==


The boot process first copies the entire system into the RAM memory, and then runs it completely from RAM, so that the started command line environment does not depend on reading from the (slow) initial boot media anymore.
The boot process first copies the entire system into the RAM memory, and then runs it completely from RAM, so that the started command line environment does not depend on reading from the (slow) initial boot media anymore.


Log-in as the user <code>root</code> with its initially empty password. So there's no need to ask for password at first boot.
'''Log-in as the user <code>root</code> with its initially empty password'''. So there's no need to ask for password at first boot.
 
Now an interactive script called <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code>, can be used to configure the initial Alpine Linux system.
 
as well as more specific [[Alpine_setup_scripts|setup-scripts]], the [[Alpine_Linux_package_management|apk package manager]], and all the general command line tools of course, to install further packages, and to prepare the system for the next boot.
 
Note that <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code> supports to configure the system to boot into one of three general '''Alpinelinux runtime modes''':
 
'''diskless mode''' This is the default boot mode of the .iso images. <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code> configures this if selecting to install to "disk=none", and it means that the whole  operating system and the applications run extremely fast from within RAM (saving unnecessary disk spin-ups, power and wear). A customized configuration and package selection may still be completely preserved on permanent storage media by using the "local backup utility" <code>[[Alpine_local_backup|lbu]]</code> and a [[Alpine_Linux_package_management#Local_Cache|local package cache]]. [Fixme: <code>setup-alpine</code> still needs [[Alpine_local_backup#Saving_and_loading_ISO_image_customizations| this detour]] to prepare a partition for this:] In setup-alpine, select to store configs and the package cache on a partition. (That mounted partition may later also be used by configuring some important applications to keep their data on it.)
 
'''data mode''' This mode is still accelerated by running the system from RAM, however swap storage and the whole {{Path|/var}} directory tree gets mounted from a persistent storage device (two newly created partitions). This location holds e.g. all log files, mailspools, databases, etc., as well as <code>[[Alpine_local_backup|lbu]]</code> backup commits and the package cache. The mode is useful for having RAM accelerated servers with amounts of variable user-data that exceed the available RAM size, and to let the entire current system state (not just the boot state) survive a system crash according to the particular filesystem's guarantees. [Fixme: Storing lbu configs to disk is not auto-configured after configuring the data partition, one still has to select saving configs to "none" first (the new data partition is not listed), and to manually set e.g. LBU_MEDIA=sda2 in /etc/lbu/lbu.conf and <code>echo "/dev/sda2 /media/sda2 vfat rw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab</code> afterwards.] The boot device may remain to be the one initially used, and can even be immutable (read-only).


'''sys mode''' This is a traditional hard-disk install. If this mode is selected, the <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script defaults to create three partitions on the selected storage device, {{Path|/boot}}, {{Path|swap}} and {{Path|/}} (the filesystem root). This mode may be used for generic [[Desktops|desktop]] and development machines, for example.
'''Then execute the script called <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code>''', can be used to configure the initial Alpine Linux system, next section will explain each question.


== Questions asked by <code>setup-alpine</code> ==
=== <code>setup-alpine</code> install program ===


The <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script offers to configure:
The <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script offers to configure, here you can perform that questions and hit ''enter'' on each answer:


* Keyboard map (e.g. ''us'' and variant of ''us-nodeadkeys'')
* '''1. Keyboard map''': Let you to perform the keyborad layout, this is really two cuestions:
* Hostname (The name for the computer.)
** The first ante the general map: e.g. ''us'' or ''es''
* Network (e.g. automatic DHCP IP address discovery)
** And second the variant of e.g. ''us-nodeadkeys'' or ''es-winkeys'' respectively
* DNS Servers (For privacy reasons, it is NOT recommended to use servers like google's 8.8.8.8 etc.)
* '''2. Hostname''' this is the name of computer, mostly knowed as the human name, in Linux this are default to "localhost" if not configured.
* '''3 Network''' (e.g. automatic DHCP IP address discovery)
* DNS Servers
* Timezone
* Timezone
* Proxy ("None" for direct connections to the internet.)
* Proxy ("None" for direct connections to the internet.)
* SSH (Openssh is part of the default images.)
* SSH (Openssh is part of the default images.)
* NTP (Chrony is part of the default images.)
* NTP (Chrony is part of the default images.)
* Runtime Mode (Select between "diskless" (disk=none), "data" or "sys", all described above.)
* Runtime Mode (Select between "diskless" (disk=none), "data" or "sys")
 
 
WIP


== Additional Details ==
== Additional Details ==
However... as mentioned, even though it is not installed on your device it is working as if it were, all the [[Alpine_setup_scripts|setup-scripts]] inclusively the [[Alpine_Linux_package_management|apk package manager]] are available to direct use, and all the general command line tools of course to install further packages. All of this are from the media you boot, this mode is called "diskless mode", for further information check [[Alpine_setup_scripts#Setup_modes|Setup_modes section]] for "alpine running modes".
{{Box GREEN|'''CLARIFICATIONS about media sources:'''|What is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have this installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it. '''All the media Alpine images are already Alpine running live systems, check '''}}


{{Expand|  }}
{{Expand|  }}

Revision as of 19:28, 12 July 2020

Alpine Linux are already installed in your media dumped, it means downloadble media files of Alpine Linux are already the system ready to use directly from the media where are dumped!


Quick Requirements

This is a simple and quick reference list, nowadays any hardware is supported for Alpine Linux:

  • At least 128 MEgs of RAM for server without graphical GUI, or at least 1.6 Gigs for graphical desktop
  • At least 2 Gigs storage device for server without graphical GUI, or at least 20 Gigs for graphical desktop with web browsing

Highly recommended for more details or if you do not have great knowledge must to read wiki page for requirements: Requirements!

Installation Overview

It must be clear that alpine linux each image source media (whatever you download).. is the system already executable and ready to use, and what is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have the installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it.

Download the media source

Just grab from stable-release ISO image, for your computer's architecture, use the "architecture" name in each green button of download page.

Most common case just download x86 or x86_64 types.. for further information check Architectures section and then Media Downloadable section of requirements wiki page.

Optionally you can perform a sha256 checksum as described in Checksum section of Requirements wiki page but is not necessary in general cases.

Dump, burn or flash the image

Depending of your hardware, now can dump the ISO image onto a media source like USB/SD flashing; or CD/DVD/BR disk with burning software.

But you could check Ways_to_install_Alpine_listed_by_architectures wiki page if you have special cases like ARM or s390 machines.

Boot and install process

The boot process first copies the entire system into the RAM memory, and then runs it completely from RAM, so that the started command line environment does not depend on reading from the (slow) initial boot media anymore.

Log-in as the user root with its initially empty password. So there's no need to ask for password at first boot.

Then execute the script called setup-alpine, can be used to configure the initial Alpine Linux system, next section will explain each question.

setup-alpine install program

The setup-alpine script offers to configure, here you can perform that questions and hit enter on each answer:

  • 1. Keyboard map: Let you to perform the keyborad layout, this is really two cuestions:
    • The first ante the general map: e.g. us or es
    • And second the variant of e.g. us-nodeadkeys or es-winkeys respectively
  • 2. Hostname this is the name of computer, mostly knowed as the human name, in Linux this are default to "localhost" if not configured.
  • 3 Network (e.g. automatic DHCP IP address discovery)
  • DNS Servers
  • Timezone
  • Proxy ("None" for direct connections to the internet.)
  • SSH (Openssh is part of the default images.)
  • NTP (Chrony is part of the default images.)
  • Runtime Mode (Select between "diskless" (disk=none), "data" or "sys")


WIP

Additional Details

However... as mentioned, even though it is not installed on your device it is working as if it were, all the setup-scripts inclusively the apk package manager are available to direct use, and all the general command line tools of course to install further packages. All of this are from the media you boot, this mode is called "diskless mode", for further information check Setup_modes section for "alpine running modes".

CLARIFICATIONS about media sources: What is understood as "installing" in reality is to be able to have this installation root on another storage media and make it bootable by the device that handles it. All the media Alpine images are already Alpine running live systems, check
This material needs expanding ...

This "Additional Details" section needs to be consolidated with the work at https://docs.alpinelinux.org (not finished) (Restructuring things there, moving and linking from here or there?).


Booting from external devices

Insert the boot media to a proper drive or port of the computer and turn the machine on, or restart it, if already running.

If the computer does not automatically boot from the desired device, one needs to bring up the boot menu selection for choosing the media to boot from. Depending on the computer the menu may be accessed by quickly (repeatedly) pressing a key when booting starts, or sometimes it is needed to press the button before starting the computer and keep holding it when it boots. Typical keys are: `F9`-`F12`, sometimes `F7` or `F8`. If these don't bring up the boot menu, it may be necessary to enter the BIOS configuration and adjust the boot settings, for which typical keys are: `Del.` `F1` `F2` `F6` or `Esc.`

Rebooting and testing the new system

After the installation is completed, the system may be power-cycled or rebooted to confirm that everything is working. If the configured runtime mode was "sys", then remove the initial installation media to boot the newly installed system.

The relevant commands for this are reboot or poweroff.

Further Documentation

Installing


Post-Install

Further Help and Information



Tip: Alpine linux packages stay close to the upstream design. Therefore, all upstream documentation about configuring a software package, as well as good configuration guides from other distributions that stay close to upstream, like e.g. in the Arch Wiki, are to a large degree also well applicable to configure the software on alpine linux, thus can be very useful.

See Also

There may still be something useful to find and sort out of the newbie's install notes in this wiki, moving godd things into the structured handbook style documentation.

  1. Newbie_Alpine_Ecosystem
  2. Alpine newbie install manual
  3. Alpine_newbie Install section
  4. https://mckayemu.github.io/alpineinstalls/ All informatin for Spanish users