Alpine setup scripts: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:26, 5 March 2012

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(Last edited by Dubiousjim on 5 Mar 2012.)

This page summarizes the low-level behavior of the /sbin/setup-* scripts on the Alpine ISO (and in a normal Alpine install).

setup-alpine

For a higher-level walkthrough (using the "sys" installmode), see Basic HDD install.

This script accepts the following command-line switches (you can run setup-alpine -h to see a usage message).

-a: Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.

-c answerfile: Create a new "answerfile", with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke setup-alpine -f answerfile.
-f answerfile: Use an existing "answerfile", which may override some or all of the interactive prompts.

-q: Run in "quick mode." See below for details. FIXME

The script's behavior is to do the following, in order. Bracketed options represent extra configuration choices than can be supplied when running the auxiliary setup scripts manually, or by supplying an "answerfile".

setup-keymap [us us]
setup-hostname [-n alpine-test]
setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]
/etc/init.d/networking --quiet start &
if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then: setup-dns [-d example.com -n "8.8.8.8 [...]"]
set the root password
if not in quick mode, then: setup-timezone [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
enable the new hostname (/etc/init.d/hostname --quiet restart)
add networking and urandom to the boot rc level, and acpid and cron to the default rc level, and start the boot and default rc services
extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from /etc/resolv.conf and hostname, and update /etc/hosts
setup-apkrepos [-r (to select a mirror randomly)]
if not in quick mode, then: setup-sshd [-c openssh | dropbear | none]
if not in quick mode, then: setup-ntp [-c chrony | openntpd | none]
if not in quick mode, then: DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q [-m data /dev/sda]
if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: setup-lbu [/media/sdb1]
if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: setup-apkcache [/media/sdb1/cache | none]

setup-interfaces

setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]

An interfaces file has the format of /etc/network/interfaces, such as:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
    hostname alpine-test

setup-timezone

setup-timezone [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]

Can pre-select the timezone using either of these switches:

-z subfolder of /usr/share/zoneinfo
-p POSIX TZ format

setup-disk

DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q [-m data | sys] [mountpoint directory | /dev/sda ...]

This script accepts the following command-line switches:

-k kernel flavor
-o apkovl file: Restore system from apkovl file
-m data | sys: Don't prompt for installation mode. With -m data, the supplied devices are formatted using ext4 to use as a /var volume.

-r: Use RAID1 with a single disk (degraded mode)

-L: Create partitions inside LVM

-s swap size in MB: Use 0 to disable swap

-q: Exit quietly if no disks are found

-v: Verbose mode

The script also honors the following environment variables:

BOOT_SIZE

Size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.

SWAP_SIZE

Size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.

ROOTFS

Filesystem to use for the / volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs.

BOOTFS

Filesystem to use for the /boot volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs.

MBR

Path of MBR binary code, defaults to /usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin.

Partitioning

If you have complex partitioning needs, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, then just supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk. Doing so implicitly behaves as though -m sys had also been specified.

RAID

If more than one device are supplied, a RAID array is built using them. The array will always be RAID1 (and --metadata=0.90) for the /boot volumes, but will be RAID5 for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied. (See also the -r switch.)

LVM

LVM groups and volumes created by the script will have the following names:

volume group: vg0
swap volume: lv_swap (only created when swap size > 0)
root volume: lv_root (only created when -m sys is specified or interactively selected)
var volume: lv_var (only created when -m data is specified or interactively selected); also these volumes are currently always formatted as ext4.

The lv_var or lv_root volumes are created to occupy all remaining space in the volume group.

If you need to change any of these settings, you can use vgrename, lvrename, lvreduce or lvresize.

setup-bootable

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

Its purpose is to create media that boots into tmpfs by copying the contents of an ISO onto a USB key, CF, or similar media.

For a higher-level walkthrough, see Creating a bootable Alpine Linux USB Stick from the command line.

This script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run setup-bootable -h to see a usage message).

setup-bootable source [dest]

The argument source can be a directory or an ISO (will be mounted to MNT or /mnt) or a URL (will be downloaded with WGET or wget). The argument dest can be a directory mountpoint, or will default to /media/usb if not supplied.

-k: Keep alpine_dev in syslinux.cfg; otherwise, replace with UUID.

-u: Upgrade mode: keep existing syslinux.cfg and don't run syslinux

-f: Overwrite syslinux.cfg even if -u was specified.

-s: Force the running of syslinux even if -u was specified.

-v: Verbose mode

The script will ensure that source and dest are available; will copy the contents of source to dest, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless -u was specified, will make dest bootable.

setup-cryptswap

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

setup-cryptswap [partition | none]

setup-xorg-base

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

Installs the following packages: xorg-server xf86-video-vesa xf86-input-evdev xf86-input-mouse xf86-input-keyboard udev.

Additional packages can be supplied as arguments to setup-xorg-base. You might need, for example, some of: xf86-input-synaptics xf86-video-something xinit.

Documentation needed

setup-gparted-desktop

Uses openbox.

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

setup-mta

Uses ssmtp.

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

setup-alpine-web

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

setup-acf

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

setup-ads

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine but must be run manually.

@@ Line 200: / Line 200: @@
 The script will ensure that <i>source</i> and <i>dest</i> are available; will copy the contents of <i>source</i> to <i>dest</i>, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless '''-u''' was specified, will make <i>dest</i> bootable.
+<!--
+== Setting up the RAID ==
+Set up a raid array as described [[Setting up a software raid1 array|here]].
+In this document two raid arrays are configured: md0 for swap (512MB) and md1 for /var.
+== Create filesystem ==
+We need to install the software to create the filesystem ("format" the partition).
+ apk_add e2fsprogs
+If you use an Alpine release older than 1.3.8 you will need to manually create a link to /etc/mtab.
+ ln -fs /proc/mounts /etc/mtab
+Create the filesystem. The -j option makes it ext'''3'''. Without the -j option it will become non-journaling ext'''2'''. This step might take some time if your partition is big.
+ mke2fs -j /dev/md1
+Now edit /etc/fstab and add your new partitions. Mine looks like this:
+ none            /proc           proc    defaults 0 0
+ none            /sys            sysfs   defaults 0 0
+ udev            /dev            tmpfs   size=100k 0 0
+ none            /dev/pts        devpts  defaults 0 0
+ tmpfs           /dev/shm        tmpfs   defaults 0 0
+ /dev/cdrom      /media/cdrom    iso9660 ro 0 0
+ /dev/fd0        /media/floppy   vfat    noauto  0 0
+ /dev/usba1      /media/usb      vfat    noauto  0 0
+ none            /proc/bus/usb   usbfs noauto 0 0
+ /dev/md0        swap            swap    defaults 0 0
+ /dev/md1        /var            ext3    defaults 0 0
+== Move the data ==
+Now you should stop all services running that put anything in /var (syslog for example). If you have booted on a clean installation and not run setup-alpine, then no services should be running. However, some packages might have created dirs in /var so we need to backup /var mount the new and move all backed up dirs back to the raided /var.
+ mv /var /var.tmp
+ mkdir /var
+ mount /var
+ mv /var.tmp/* /var
+ rmdir /var.tmp
+Verify that everyting looks ok with the ''df'' utility.
+ ~ $ df
+ Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ none                    255172     23544    231628   9% /
+ udev                       100         0       100   0% /dev
+ /dev/cdrom              142276    142276         0 100% /media/cdrom
+ /dev/md1              37977060    181056  35866876   1% /var
+== Survive reboots ==
+Now we have everything up and running. We need to make sure that everything will be restored during next reboot.
+Create an initscript that will mount /var for you during boot. I call it /etc/init.d/mountdisk and it looks like this:
+ #!/sbin/runscript
+ start() {
+         ebegin "Mounting /var"
+         mount /var
+         eend $?
+ }
+ stop() {
+         ebegin "Unmounting /var"
+         umount /var
+         eend $?
+ }
+Make it exectutable:
+ chmod +x /etc/init.d/mountdisk
+'''NOTE:''' Since Alpine-1.7.3 there is a ''localmount'' script shipped so you will not need to create your own ''mountdisk'' script.
+And that /var is mounted *after* raid is created. The -k option will make alpine to unmount the /Var partition during boot. Also add start of swap too boot
+ rc_add -k -s 06 mountdisk
+ rc_add -k -s 06 swap
+The /dev/md* device nodes will not be created automatically so we need to put the on floppy too.
+ lbu include /dev/md*
+If you have users on the server and want /home to be permanent, you can create a directory /var/home and create links to /var/home.
+ mkdir /var/home
+ mv /home/* /var/home/
+ ln -s /var/home/* /home/
+'''NOTE:''' You cannot just replace /home with a link that points to /var/home since the base has a /home directory. When the boot tries to copy the config from floppy it will fail because of the already existing /home directory.
+Make sure the links are stored to floppy:
+ lbu include /home/*
+Also remember to move any newly created users to /var/home and create a link:
+ adduser bob
+ mv /home/bob /var/home/
+ ln -s /var/home/bob /home/bob
+ lbu include /home/bob
+Save to floppy:
+ lbu commit floppy
+== Test it works ==
+Reboot computer. Now should the raid start and /var should be mounted. Check with df:
+ ~ $ df
+ Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ none                    255172     23976    231196   9% /
+ mdev                       100         0       100   0% /dev
+ /dev/cdrom              140932    140932         0 100% /media/cdrom
+ /dev/md1              37977060    180984  35866948   1% /var
+== Upgrades ==
+Since the package database is placed on disk, you cannot update by simply replacing the CDROM. You will have to either run the upgrade on the new CDROM or run ''apk_add -u ... && update-conf'' manually.
+-->
 == setup-cryptswap ==