Installation

2020-07-04T02:58:04Z

Zekai: minor grammar and clarity fixes

Please help with sorting out the current wiki documentation, once you have explored though the further pages enough to give you a good grasp to sort out the further things precisely and nicely as well.
[[Image:hdd_mount.png|left|link=]]
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This page will get you started, but it can also help to skim through the [[Alpine_Linux:FAQ| Frequenty Asked Questions (FAQ)]] (also part of the left sidebar).
== Typical Hardware Requirements ==

* At least 100 MB of RAM (A graphical desktop system may require up to 1 GB minimum.)
* A writable storage device. Optional for saving data and configuration of systems running in "diskless" mode. Required for running in "sys" or "data" mode (explained below).

== Installation Overview ==
(To install on ARM systems that do not support .iso images refer to [[Alpine_on_ARM|Alpine on ARM]] instead.)

As with most linux distributions, the first installation steps usually consist of:<br>
([[Installation#additional details|additional details]] below)

'''1.)''' Downloading and verifying the proper [http://alpinelinux.org/downloads stable-release ISO image] for your computer's architecture, and the corresponding <code>sha256</code> (checksum) and <code>GPG</code> (signature) files.

'''2.)''' Either burning the ISO image onto a blank CD/DVD/Blue-ray disk with your favorite disk burning software, or flashing the image onto a bootable storage device (USB-device, CF-/MMC-/SD-card, floppy, ...).

'''3.)''' Booting the computer from the prepared disk or storage device.

The boot process first copies the entire system into the RAM memory, and then runs it completely from RAM, so that the started command line environment does not depend on reading from the (slow) initial boot media anymore.

Log-in as the user <code>root</code> with its initially empty password.

Now an interactive script called <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code>, as well as more specific [[Alpine_setup_scripts|setup-scripts]], the [[Alpine_Linux_package_management|apk package manager]], and all the general command line tools of course, can be used to configure the initial Alpine Linux system, to install further packages, and to prepare the system for the next boot.

Note that <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code> supports to configure the system to boot into one of three general '''Alpinelinux runtime modes''':

'''diskless mode''' This is the default boot mode of the .iso images. <code>[[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine|setup-alpine]]</code> configures this if selecting to install to "disk=none", and it means that the whole operating system and the applications run extremely fast from within RAM (saving unnecessary disk spin-ups, power and wear). A customized configuration and package selection may still be completely preserved on permanent storage media by using the "local backup utility" <code>[[Alpine_local_backup|lbu]]</code> and a [[Alpine_Linux_package_management#Local_Cache|local package cache]]. [Fixme: <code>setup-alpine</code> still needs [[Alpine_local_backup#Saving_and_loading_ISO_image_customizations| this detour]] to prepare a partition for this:] In setup-alpine, select to store configs and the package cache on a partition. (That mounted partition may later also be used by configuring some important applications to keep their data on it.)

'''data mode''' This mode is still accelerated by running the system from RAM, however swap storage and the whole {{Path|/var}} directory tree gets mounted from a persistent storage device (two newly created partitions). This location holds e.g. all log files, mailspools, databases, etc., as well as <code>[[Alpine_local_backup|lbu]]</code> backup commits and the package cache. The mode is useful for having RAM accelerated servers with amounts of variable user-data that exceed the available RAM size, and to let the entire current system state (not just the boot state) survive a system crash according to the particular filesystem's guarantees. [Fixme: Storing lbu configs to disk is not auto-configured after configuring the data partition, one still has to select saving configs to "none" first (the new data partition is not listed), and to manually set e.g. LBU_MEDIA=sda2 in /etc/lbu/lbu.conf and <code>echo "/dev/sda2 /media/sda2 vfat rw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab</code> afterwards.] The boot device may remain to be the one initially used, and can even be immutable (read-only).

'''sys mode''' This is a traditional hard-disk install. If this mode is selected, the <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script defaults to create three partitions on the selected storage device, {{Path|/boot}}, {{Path|swap}} and {{Path|/}} (the filesystem root). This mode may be used for generic [[Desktops|desktop]] and development machines, for example.

== Questions asked by <code>setup-alpine</code> ==

The <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script offers to configure:

* Keyboard map (e.g. ''us'' and variant of ''us-nodeadkeys'')
* Hostname (The name for the computer.)
* Network (e.g. automatic DHCP IP address discovery)
* DNS Servers (For privacy reasons, it is NOT recommended to use servers like google's 8.8.8.8 etc.)
* Timezone
* Proxy ("None" for direct connections to the internet.)
* SSH (Openssh is part of the default images.)
* NTP (Chrony is part of the default images.)
* Runtime Mode (Select between "diskless" (disk=none), "data" or "sys", all described above.)

== Additional Details ==

{{Expand| }}

This "Additional Details" section needs to be consolidated with the work at '''[https://docs.alpinelinux.org https://docs.alpinelinux.org] (not finished)'''
(Restructuring things there, moving and linking from here or there?).

=== Verifying the downloaded image file ===

{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%; align=center"
|+ Commands to verify the checksum and GPG signature of a downloaded image file on different systems.
|-
! width=100px | OS type
! <code>sha265</code> check !! <code>sha265</code> calculation (to be compared manually) !! <code>GPG</code> signature verification
|-
! Linux
| <code>sha256sum -c alpine-*.iso.sha256</code> || || <code>curl https://alpinelinux.org/keys/ncopa.asc | gpg --import ;</code>
<code> gpg --verify alpine-<version>.iso.asc alpine-<version>.iso</code>
|-
! Windows (PowerShell installed)
| - ? - || <code>Get-FileHash .\alpine-<image-version>.iso -Algorithm SHA256</code> || - ? -
|}

=== Booting from external devices ===

Insert the boot media to a proper drive or port of the computer and turn the machine on, or restart it, if already running.

If the computer does not automatically boot from the desired device, one needs to bring up the boot menu selection for choosing the media to boot from. Depending on the computer the menu may be accessed by quickly (repeatedly) pressing a key when booting starts, or sometimes it is needed to press the button before starting the computer and keep holding it when it boots. Typical keys are: `F9`-`F12`, sometimes `F7` or `F8`. If these don't bring up the boot menu, it may be necessary to enter the BIOS configuration and adjust the boot settings, for which typical keys are: `Del.` `F1` `F2` `F6` or `Esc.`

=== Rebooting and testing the new system ===

After the installation is completed, the system may be power-cycled or rebooted to confirm that everything is working.
If the configured runtime mode was "sys", then remove the initial installation media to boot the newly installed system.

The relevant commands for this are <code>reboot</code> or <code>poweroff</code>.

= Further Documentation =

=== Installing ===

* [[Directly booting an ISO file]] ''(without flashing it to a disk or device)''
* [[Tutorials_and_Howtos#Networking|Setting up Networking]] ''(incl. non-standard configurations)''

=== Post-Install ===



* [[Setting up a new user]]

* [[Enable Community Repository]] ''(Providing additional packages)''
* [[Alpine Linux package management|Package Management (apk)]] ''(general search/add/del packages etc.)''
* [[Alpine setup scripts#setup-xorg-base|<code>setup-xorg-base</code>]] ''(display graphics, if required)''
** [[Xfce_Setup]] / [[Desktop-notes]] / [[Xfce_Desktop]]

* [[Alpine_local_backup|Local backup utility <code>lbu</code>]] ''(persisting RAM system configurations)''
** [[Back Up a Flash Memory Installation]] ''("diskless mode" systems)''
** [[Manually_editing_a_existing_apkovl]] ''(the stored custom configs)''
* [[Alpine Linux Init System|Init System (OpenRC)]] ''(Configure a service to automatically boot at next reboot)''
** [[Multiple Instances of Services]]
** [[Writing Init Scripts]]

* [[Hosting services on Alpine]] ''(Links to several mail/web/ssh server setup pages)''
* Runnig programs and services in their own [[Firejail Security Sandbox]]

* [[Alpine_Linux_package_management#Upgrade_a_Running_System|Upgrading Alpine]] ''(checking for and installing updates)''
* [[How_to_make_a_custom_ISO_image_with_mkimage]]

=== Further Help and Information ===

* [[Running glibc programs]] ''(Installation and development)''



* [[FAQ|FAQs]]
* [[Tutorials and Howtos]]

* [[Contribute|How to Contribute]]
* [[Developer Documentation]]
* [[Alpine_Linux:Wiki_etiquette|Wiki etiquette]] ''to collaborate on this documentation''

{{Tip| Alpine linux packages stay close to the upstream design. Therefore, all upstream documentation about configuring a software package, as well as good configuration guides from other distributions that stay close to upstream, like e.g. in the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/ Arch Wiki], are to a large degree also well applicable to configure the software on alpine linux, thus can be very useful.}}

= See Also =

There may still be something useful to find and sort out of the newbie's install notes in this wiki, moving godd things into the structured handbook style documentation.

# [[Newbie_Alpine_Ecosystem]]
# [[Alpine newbie install manual]]
# [[Alpine_newbie#Install|Alpine_newbie Install section]]
# [https://mckayemu.github.io/alpineinstalls/ https://mckayemu.github.io/alpineinstalls/ All informatin for Spanish users]

[[Category:Installation]]

Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Installation