Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Software management

2024-03-03T00:44:46Z

Ncrav: Add info relating to permissions for X11

If you want to run [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ glibc] programs in Alpine Linux, there are a few ways of doing so. You can install the [https://git.adelielinux.org/adelie/gcompat gcompat] compatibility layer, you can install glibc alongside [https://musl.libc.org/ musl] (manually, as it isn't packaged), or you could do it the easy way and use either Flatpak (the easiest), containers or a chroot. 

Because there are different use cases, this is just a slight overview about what's possible and what's sensible. 

= Your options =

== gcompat ==

gcompat is the go-to compatibility layer for Alpine users.

{{cmd|apk add {{pkg|gcompat}}}}

After that you run your binaries as normal.

== Flatpak ==

Flatpak is by far the easiest method of running any graphical glibc program on Alpine.
Firstly install it.

{{cmd|apk add {{pkg|flatpak}}}}

Then you can run any Flatpak application:

{{cmd|flatpak run <flatpak name>}}

It is recommended to enable [https://flathub.org Flathub] using its instructions [https://flatpak.org/setup/Alpine/ here], as most glibc programs you might need will be packaged there.

You can then install applications from it, for example:

{{cmd|flatpak install com.valvesoftware.Steam}}

== Chroot ==

An option that's easier to generalize to other glibc applications is installing a glibc-based distribution into a chroot. You can then either chroot into it, or use a symlink and some configuration to make its glibc (and associated libraries) usable from Alpine.

After setting up a chroot using any of the methods described below, the loader can be set up in Alpine like so (these instructions are for a Debian chroot in /var/chroots/debian, on x86_64, but can be adapted to other systems by using the appropriate paths):

{{cmd|mkdir -p /lib64
ln -s /var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.33.so /lib64
printf '/var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n/var/chroots/debian/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n' > /etc/ld.so.conf
/var/chroots/debian/sbin/ldconfig}}

=== Gentoo Linux ===

Select a stage3 from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/ here] and portage latest from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/ here] at gentoo/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.xz.

First,

{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|xz}}}}

Enter the chroot:
{{cmd|mkdir ~/chroot
cd ~/chroot
tar -xvf stage3-*.tar.xz
tar -xvf portage-latest.tar.xz
mv portage usr
doas mount --bind /dev dev
doas mount --bind /sys sys
doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot . /bin/bash}}

And voilà, you have your working Gentoo chroot! 

You can now take a look at [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:Main_Page Gentoo's Handbook] to find out how you can configure and install your system, or simply extract/copy the program you need to run in your chroot enviroment and execute it.

Here is a wrapper script that is similar to <code>arch-chroot</code> when you frequently reuse this chroot:

Also, create an account with the same user name as host current user to the chroot or make changes to the userspec option to chroot line.

{{Cat|gentoo-chroot.sh|<nowiki>!/bin/bash
CHROOT_PATH="/home/$USER/chroot"
cd $CHROOT_PATH
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/dev || doas mount --bind /dev dev
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/sys || doas mount --bind /sys sys
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/proc || doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot --userspec=$USER:users . /bin/bash
echo "You must manually unmount $CHROOT_PATH/dev, $CHROOT_PATH/sys, $CHROOT_PATH/proc."
</nowiki>
}}

Do at <code>chmod +x gentoo-chroot.sh</code> to get it to work.

=== Arch Linux ===

Either use '''pacstrap''' (included with the arch-install-scripts package) or an Arch bootstrap image:

{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|arch-install-scripts}}
mkdir ~/chroot && cd ~/chroot
curl -O https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz
doas tar xzf archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz && rm archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz
doas sed -i '/evowise/s/^#//' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
doas sed -i '/CheckSpace/s/^/#/' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.conf
doas arch-chroot root.x86_64
[chroot]# pacman-key --init
[chroot]# pacman-key --populate archlinux}}

Once that is done, update the system and install the desired package(s) (denoted by ''"foo"'' in this example):

{{cmd|[chroot]# pacman -Syu ''foo''}}

=== Debian ===
{{todo|gresec referencs need to be cleanly removed from this section.}}
Use the provided debootstrap package to create the Debian chroot. <code>--arch</code> is optional, depending of your needs.

On the '''linux-grsec''' kernel, you will need to relax chroot limitations:

sudo apk add debootstrap
for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 0 | sudo tee $i; done
mkdir ~/chroot
sudo debootstrap --arch=i386 wheezy ~/chroot https://deb.debian.org/debian/
for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 1 | sudo tee $i; done
sudo chroot ~/chroot /bin/bash

You can now use <code>apt-get</code> to install needed packages.

== Containers ==

It's also possible to use Docker or Podman containers with a helper like Distrobox. This allows using graphical programs easily and doesn't require root privileges once set up.

{{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|distrobox}}}}

=== Distrobox + Podman ===

{{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|podman}}}}

Then set up rootless Podman, following [[Podman|these steps]].
You'll need to mount your root as shared for Distrobox to function.

Fill in {{path|/etc/local.d/mount-rshared.start}} like so:

{{cmd|#!/bin/sh
mount --make-rshared /}}

Mark it as executable.

{{cmd|# chmod +x /etc/local.d/mount-rshared.start}}

Then autostart its service.

{{cmd|# rc-update add local default
# rc-service local start}}

Finally you can create a container using your chosen image.

{{cmd|$ distrobox create --image debian --name debian
$ distrobox enter debian}}

It may also be necessary to allow X authorization for GUI programs to work.

{{cmd|$ xhost +si:localuser:$USER}}

== Chroot + Bubblewrap ==

It's also possible to use a Debian system chroot with Bubblewrap. This allows running programs without root.

{{cmd|# apk add bubblewrap debootstrap
# mkdir -p /var/chroots/debian
# debootstrap --arch amd64 stable /var/chroots/debian/ https://deb.debian.org/debian}}

Finally we can make an alias for bwrap.

{{cmd|$ alias glibc{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group"}}

To run programs that use X11/Xorg you can use:
{{cmd|$ alias glibcX11{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group --bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 --setenv DISPLAY :0"}}

In this case you might need to use xhost to allow local connections, e.g.:
{{cmd|# xhost + local:}}

Now we can invoke glibc-built binaries like so:
{{cmd|$ glibc ./binary}} or {{cmd|$ glibcX11 ./binary}}

For updating the Chroot or installing dependencies we can mount it and then login as root:
{{cmd|# mount --bind /dev /var/chroots/debian/dev
# mount --bind /proc /var/chroots/debian/proc
# chroot /var/chroots/debian /bin/bash
# apt update && apt upgrade}}

After installing what you might want to umount the binds for dev and proc to avoid issues.
{{cmd|#umount /var/chroots/debian/dev}}
{{cmd|#umount /var/chroots/debian/proc}}

[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Installation]]

Software management

2024-03-03T00:41:19Z

Ncrav: Update Chroot + Bubblewrap with X11 instructions and umount bindings.

If you want to run [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ glibc] programs in Alpine Linux, there are a few ways of doing so. You can install the [https://git.adelielinux.org/adelie/gcompat gcompat] compatibility layer, you can install glibc alongside [https://musl.libc.org/ musl] (manually, as it isn't packaged), or you could do it the easy way and use either Flatpak (the easiest), containers or a chroot. 

Because there are different use cases, this is just a slight overview about what's possible and what's sensible. 

= Your options =

== gcompat ==

gcompat is the go-to compatibility layer for Alpine users.

{{cmd|apk add {{pkg|gcompat}}}}

After that you run your binaries as normal.

== Flatpak ==

Flatpak is by far the easiest method of running any graphical glibc program on Alpine.
Firstly install it.

{{cmd|apk add {{pkg|flatpak}}}}

Then you can run any Flatpak application:

{{cmd|flatpak run <flatpak name>}}

It is recommended to enable [https://flathub.org Flathub] using its instructions [https://flatpak.org/setup/Alpine/ here], as most glibc programs you might need will be packaged there.

You can then install applications from it, for example:

{{cmd|flatpak install com.valvesoftware.Steam}}

== Chroot ==

An option that's easier to generalize to other glibc applications is installing a glibc-based distribution into a chroot. You can then either chroot into it, or use a symlink and some configuration to make its glibc (and associated libraries) usable from Alpine.

After setting up a chroot using any of the methods described below, the loader can be set up in Alpine like so (these instructions are for a Debian chroot in /var/chroots/debian, on x86_64, but can be adapted to other systems by using the appropriate paths):

{{cmd|mkdir -p /lib64
ln -s /var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.33.so /lib64
printf '/var/chroots/debian/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n/var/chroots/debian/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu\n' > /etc/ld.so.conf
/var/chroots/debian/sbin/ldconfig}}

=== Gentoo Linux ===

Select a stage3 from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/ here] and portage latest from [https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/ here] at gentoo/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.xz.

First,

{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|xz}}}}

Enter the chroot:
{{cmd|mkdir ~/chroot
cd ~/chroot
tar -xvf stage3-*.tar.xz
tar -xvf portage-latest.tar.xz
mv portage usr
doas mount --bind /dev dev
doas mount --bind /sys sys
doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot . /bin/bash}}

And voilà, you have your working Gentoo chroot! 

You can now take a look at [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:Main_Page Gentoo's Handbook] to find out how you can configure and install your system, or simply extract/copy the program you need to run in your chroot enviroment and execute it.

Here is a wrapper script that is similar to <code>arch-chroot</code> when you frequently reuse this chroot:

Also, create an account with the same user name as host current user to the chroot or make changes to the userspec option to chroot line.

{{Cat|gentoo-chroot.sh|<nowiki>!/bin/bash
CHROOT_PATH="/home/$USER/chroot"
cd $CHROOT_PATH
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/dev || doas mount --bind /dev dev
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/sys || doas mount --bind /sys sys
mount | grep $CHROOT_PATH/proc || doas mount -t proc proc proc
cp /etc/resolv.conf etc
doas chroot --userspec=$USER:users . /bin/bash
echo "You must manually unmount $CHROOT_PATH/dev, $CHROOT_PATH/sys, $CHROOT_PATH/proc."
</nowiki>
}}

Do at <code>chmod +x gentoo-chroot.sh</code> to get it to work.

=== Arch Linux ===

Either use '''pacstrap''' (included with the arch-install-scripts package) or an Arch bootstrap image:

{{cmd|doas apk add {{pkg|arch-install-scripts}}
mkdir ~/chroot && cd ~/chroot
curl -O https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz
doas tar xzf archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz && rm archlinux-bootstrap-x86_64.tar.gz
doas sed -i '/evowise/s/^#//' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
doas sed -i '/CheckSpace/s/^/#/' root.x86_64/etc/pacman.conf
doas arch-chroot root.x86_64
[chroot]# pacman-key --init
[chroot]# pacman-key --populate archlinux}}

Once that is done, update the system and install the desired package(s) (denoted by ''"foo"'' in this example):

{{cmd|[chroot]# pacman -Syu ''foo''}}

=== Debian ===
{{todo|gresec referencs need to be cleanly removed from this section.}}
Use the provided debootstrap package to create the Debian chroot. <code>--arch</code> is optional, depending of your needs.

On the '''linux-grsec''' kernel, you will need to relax chroot limitations:

sudo apk add debootstrap
for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 0 | sudo tee $i; done
mkdir ~/chroot
sudo debootstrap --arch=i386 wheezy ~/chroot https://deb.debian.org/debian/
for i in /proc/sys/kernel/grsecurity/chroot_*; do echo 1 | sudo tee $i; done
sudo chroot ~/chroot /bin/bash

You can now use <code>apt-get</code> to install needed packages.

== Containers ==

It's also possible to use Docker or Podman containers with a helper like Distrobox. This allows using graphical programs easily and doesn't require root privileges once set up.

{{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|distrobox}}}}

=== Distrobox + Podman ===

{{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|podman}}}}

Then set up rootless Podman, following [[Podman|these steps]].
You'll need to mount your root as shared for Distrobox to function.

Fill in {{path|/etc/local.d/mount-rshared.start}} like so:

{{cmd|#!/bin/sh
mount --make-rshared /}}

Mark it as executable.

{{cmd|# chmod +x /etc/local.d/mount-rshared.start}}

Then autostart its service.

{{cmd|# rc-update add local default
# rc-service local start}}

Finally you can create a container using your chosen image.

{{cmd|$ distrobox create --image debian --name debian
$ distrobox enter debian}}

It may also be necessary to allow X authorization for GUI programs to work.

{{cmd|$ xhost +si:localuser:$USER}}

== Chroot + Bubblewrap ==

It's also possible to use a Debian system chroot with Bubblewrap. This allows running programs without root.

{{cmd|# apk add bubblewrap debootstrap
# mkdir -p /var/chroots/debian
# debootstrap --arch amd64 stable /var/chroots/debian/ https://deb.debian.org/debian}}

Finally we can make an alias for bwrap.

{{cmd|$ alias glibc{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group"}}

To run programs that use X11/Xorg you can use:
{{cmd|$ alias glibcX11{{=}}"LANG{{=}}en_US.UTF-8 bwrap --bind /var/chroots/debian / --dev-bind /dev /dev --proc /proc --bind /sys /sys --bind /run /run --bind /home /home --ro-bind /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf --ro-bind /etc/passwd /etc/passwd --ro-bind /etc/group /etc/group --bind /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 --setenv DISPLAY :0"}}

Now we can invoke glibc-built binaries like so:
{{cmd|$ glibc ./binary}}

For updating the Chroot or installing dependencies we can mount it and then login as root:
{{cmd|# mount --bind /dev /var/chroots/debian/dev
# mount --bind /proc /var/chroots/debian/proc
# chroot /var/chroots/debian /bin/bash
# apt update && apt upgrade}}

After installing what you might want to umount the binds for dev and proc to avoid issues.
{{cmd|#umount /var/chroots/debian/dev}}
{{cmd|#umount /var/chroots/debian/proc}}

[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Installation]]

User:Ncrav

2024-03-02T21:52:11Z

Ncrav: Add some info

Hello! I'm Nuno, I am a Computer Scientist and Data Scientist.

I've been using Alpine in servers and containers for a while now!

I recently changed my daily driver to run Alpine + KDE5!

Power management

2024-02-29T00:49:05Z

Ncrav: Add instructions on how to configure the action for when the power button is pressed

This article explains how to configure what happens when you press the power button. This might be useful to allow for desktop environments to control what happens instead of shutting down.

# Install {{pkg|acpid}}: {{cmd|# apk add acpid}}
# Enable and start the acpid daemon: {{cmd|# rc-update add acpid && rc-service acpid start}}

== Busybox acpid ==

This can be done via [[Busybox acpid]] by creating/modifying the hook in {{path|/etc/acpi/PWRF/00000080}}.

=== Configuring for shutdown ===
In a newly installed system this might be already defined, however you can create the hook as follows:

{{cat|/etc/acpi/PWRF/00000080|#!/bin/sh
poweroff}}

=== Configuring for sleep ===

# Install {{pkg|zzz}}: {{cmd|# apk add zzz}}
# Modify the hook as follows: {{cat|/etc/acpi/PWRF/00000080|#!/bin/sh
zzz}}

=== Disabling ===

To disable simply comment or remove the hook. This is useful to allow desktop environments to handle the power button.

{{cat|/etc/acpi/PWRF/00000080|#!/bin/sh
#Nothing}}

[[Category:Power Management]]
[[category: Desktop]]

Tutorials and Howtos

2024-02-29T00:37:31Z

Ncrav: Add stub for Configure action when power-button is pressed

{{Todo|This material has been re-organized..., but grouping should be checked: '''Howtos are smaller articles''' and '''tutorials are more detailed document'''}}

[[Image:package_edutainment.svg|right|link=]]
{{TOC left}}
'''Welcome to Tutorials and Howtos, a place of basic and advanced configuration tasks for your Alpine Linux.'''

'''The tutorials are hands-on''' and the reader is expected to try and achieve the goals described in each step, possibly with the help of a good example. The output in one step is the starting point for the following step.

'''Howtos are smaller articles''' explaining how to perform a particular task with Alpine Linux, that expects a minimal knowledge from reader to perform actions.

'''IMPORTANT:''' contributions on those pages must be complete articles as well as requesting topics to be covered, don't override already made contributions. If you want to request a topic, please add your request in this page's [[Talk:Tutorials_and_Howtos|Discussion]].

{{Clear}}

= Howtos =

== Applications ==

=== Miscellaneous ===

* [[Ansible]] ''(Configuration management)''

=== Monitoring ===

* [[Awstats]] ''(Free log file analyzer)''
* [[Cacti: traffic analysis and monitoring network]] ''(Front-end for rrdtool networking monitor)''
* [[Cvechecker]] ''(Compare installed packages for Common Vulnerabilities Exposure)'' 
* [[Linfo]]
* [[Obtaining user information via SNMP]] ''(Using squark-auth-snmp as a Squid authentication helper)'' 
* [[PhpSysInfo]] ''(A simple application that displays information about the host it's running on)''
* [[Matomo]] ''(A real time web analytics software program)''
* [[Setting up A Network Monitoring and Inventory System]] ''(Nagios + OpenAudit and related components)'' 
** [[Setting up NRPE daemon]] ''(Performs remote Nagios checks)'' 
* [[Setting Up Fprobe And Ntop|Ntop]] ''(NetFlow collection and analysis using a remote fprobe instance; for alpine 3.10-3.12 only)'' 
* [[Setting up lm_sensors]]
* [[SqStat]] ''(Script to look at active squid users connections)''
* [[Traffic monitoring]] 
** [[Setting up monitoring using rrdtool (and rrdcollect)]]
** [[Setting up traffic monitoring using rrdtool (and snmp)]] 
* [[Zabbix|Zabbix - the professional complete manager]] ''(Monitor and track the status of network services and hardware)''
* [[ZoneMinder video camera security and surveillance]]

=== Networking ===

* Alpine Wall ''(a new firewall management framework)''
** [[Alpine Wall]]
** [https://git.alpinelinux.org/awall/about/ Alpine Wall User's Guide]
** [[How-To Alpine Wall]]
* [[Freeradius Active Directory Integration]]
* [[GNUnet]]
* [[Setting up a OpenVPN server|OpenVPN server]] ''(Allowing single users or devices to remotely connect to your network)''
* [[OpenVSwitch]]
* [[Using Alpine on Windows domain with IPSEC isolation]]
* [[Configure a Wireguard interface (wg)|Wireguard]]

=== Telephony ===

* [[FreePBX|FreePBX on Alpine Linux]]
* [[Setting up Zaptel/Asterisk on Alpine]]
* [[Kamailio]] ''(SIP Server, formerly OpenSER)''

== Backup and data migration ==

* [[Alpine local backup|Alpine local backup (lbu)]] ''(Permanently store your modifications in case your box needs reboot)''
** [[Back Up a Flash Memory Installation]]
** [[Manually editing a existing apkovl]]
* [[Migrating data]]
* [[Rsnapshot]] - setting up periodic backups

== Desktop ==

* [[Alpine and UEFI]]
* [[Default applications]]
* Desktop cloud
** [[Nextcloud]] ''(Self hostable cloud suite - Dropbox Alternative)''
* [[Desktop environments and Window managers]] (overall information only)
* [[Printer Setup]]
* [[Remote Desktop Server]]
* Sound Systems
** [[ALSA]]
** [[PipeWire]]
** [[PulseAudio]]
* [[Configure action when power-button is pressed]]
* [[Suspend on LID close]]
* [[Alpine setup scripts#setup-xorg-base|Xorg Setup]]

== Networking ==

* [[Bluetooth]] - Instructions for installing and configuring Bluetooth
* [[Bonding]] - Bond (or aggregate) multiple ethernet interfaces
* [[Bridge]] - Configuring a network bridge
** [[Bridge wlan0 to eth0]]
* [[Configure Networking]]
* [[How to configure static routes]]
* Modem
** [[Using HSDPA modem]]
** [[Using serial modem]]
* [[mDNS]] - Howto implement multicast DNS resolution in Alpine.
* [[Multi ISP]] ''(Dual-ISP setup with load-balancing and automatic failover)''
* [[PXE boot]]
* Wi-Fi
** [[Wi-Fi|Connecting to a wireless access point]]
** [[How to setup a wireless access point]] ''(Setting up Secure Wireless AP w/ WPA encryption with bridge to wired network)''
* [[VLAN]]

== Other Architectures ==

=== ARM ===

* [[Alpine on ARM]]

==== Raspberry Pi ====

* [[Raspberry Pi Bluetooth Speaker|Raspberry Pi - Bluetooth Speaker]]
* [[Raspberry Pi|Raspberry Pi - Installation]]
* [[Linux Router with VPN on a Raspberry Pi|Raspberry Pi - Router with VPN]]
* [[Linux Router with VPN on a Raspberry Pi (IPv6)|Raspberry Pi - Router with VPN (IPv6)]]
* [[Classic install or sys mode on Raspberry Pi|Raspberry Pi - Sys mode install]]
* [[RPI Video Receiver|Raspberry Pi - Video Receiver]] ''(network video decoder using Rasperry Pi and omxplayer)''
* [[Raspberry Pi 3 - Browser Client]] - kiosk or digital sign
* [[Raspberry Pi 3 - Configuring it as wireless access point -AP Mode]]
* [[Raspberry Pi 3 - Setting Up Bluetooth]]
* [[Raspberry Pi 4 - Persistent system acting as a NAS and Time Machine]]
* [[How to set up Alpine as a wireless router|Raspberry Pi Zero W - Wireless router]] ''(Setting up a firewalled, Wireless AP with wired network on a Pi Zero W)''

=== IBM Z (IBM z Systems) ===

* [[s390x|s390x - Installation]]

=== PowerPC ===

* [[Ppc64le|Powerpc64le - Installation]]

== Post-Install ==

* [[CPU frequency scaling]]
* [[Repositories#Enabling_the_community_repository|Enable Community repository]] ''(Providing additional packages)''
* [[Enable Serial Console on Boot]]
* [[Alpine Linux Init System|Init System (OpenRC)]] ''(Configure a service to automatically boot at next reboot)''
** [[Multiple Instances of Services|Init System - Multiple Instances of Services]]
** [[Writing Init Scripts|Init System - Writing Init Scripts]]
* [[Installing Oracle Java|Oracle Java (installation)]]
* [[IGMPproxy]]
* [[Alpine Package Keeper|Package Management (apk)]] ''(How to add/remove packages on your Alpine)''
** [[Comparison with other distros|Package Management - Comparison with other distros]]
* [[Running glibc programs]]
* [[Setting up a new user]]
* [[Upgrading Alpine]]

== Remote Administration ==

* ACF
** [[Changing passwords for ACF|ACF - changing passwords]]
** [[Generating SSL certs with ACF]] 
** [[setup-acf| ACF - setup]] ''(Configures ACF (webconfiguration/webmin) so you can manage your box through https)''
* [[Setting up a SSH server]] ''(Using ssh is a good way to administer your box remotely)''
** [[HOWTO OpenSSH 2FA with password and Google Authenticator |OpenSSH 2FA]] ''(A simple two factor setup for OpenSSH)''
* [[OpenVCP]] ''(VServer Control Panel)''
* [[PhpMyAdmin]] ''(Web-based administration tool for MYSQL)''
* [[PhpPgAdmin]] ''(Web-based administration tool for PostgreSQL)''
* [[Webmin]] ''(A web-based interface for Linux system)''

== Server ==

* [[Hosting services on Alpine]] ''(Hosting mail, webservices and other services)''
* [[Hosting Web/Email services on Alpine]]

=== DNS ===

* [[DNSCrypt-Proxy]] ''Encrypt and authenticate DNS calls from your system''
* [[Setting up nsd DNS server]]
* [[Setting up unbound DNS server]]
* [[TinyDNS Format]]

=== HTTP ===

* [[Apache]]
** [[Apache with php-fpm]]
** [[Setting Up Apache with PHP]]
** [[Apache authentication: NTLM Single Signon]]
* [[Darkhttpd]]
* [[Lighttpd]]
** [[Lighttpd Advanced security]]
** [[Setting Up Lighttpd With FastCGI]]
* [[Nginx]]
** [[Nginx as reverse proxy with acme (letsencrypt)]]
** [[Nginx with PHP]]
* Squid Proxy
** [[Obtaining user information via SNMP]] ''(Using squark-auth-snmp as a Squid authentication helper)'' 
** [[Setting up Explicit Squid Proxy]]
** [[Setting up Transparent Squid Proxy]] ''(Covers Squid proxy and URL Filtering system)''
** [[SqStat]] ''(Script to look at active squid users connections)''
* [[Tomcat]]

==== Hostable Content ====

* [[DokuWiki]]
* [[Drupal]] ''(Content Management System (CMS) written in PHP)''
* [[Kopano]] ''(Microsoft Outlook compatible Groupware)''
* [[Mahara]] ''(E-portfolio and social networking system)''
* [[MediaWiki]] ''(Free web-based wiki software application)''
* [[Pastebin]] ''(Pastebin software application)''
* [[WordPress]] ''(Web software to create website or blog)''

=== IRC ===

* [[NgIRCd]] ''(Server for Internet Relay Chat/IRC)''

=== Mail ===

* Exim/Dovecot
** [[Small-Time Email with Exim and Dovecot]] ''(A simple configuration for your home network.)
** [[Setting up dovecot with imap and tls]]
* [[relay email to gmail (msmtp, mailx, sendmail]]
* [[Roundcube]] ''(Webmail system)''
* [[Setting up postfix with virtual domains]]
* Server protection
** [[Setting up clamsmtp]]

=== Other Servers ===

* [[Chrony and GPSD | Chrony, gpsd, and a garmin LVC 18 as a Stratum 1 NTP source ]]
* [[Glpi]] ''(Manage inventory of technical resources)''
* [[How to setup a Alpine Linux mirror]]
* [[Setting up an NFS server|nfs-server]]
* [[Odoo]]
* [[Configure OpenLDAP | OpenLDAP]] ''(Installing and configuring the Alpine package for OpenLDAP)''
* [[Setting up a samba-ad-dc|samba-ad-dc]] ''(Active Directory compatible domain controller)''
* [[Setting up a Samba server|samba-server]] ''(standard file sharing)''
* [[Setting up Transmission (bittorrent) with Clutch WebUI]]

=== Software development ===

* [[Cgit]]
* [[OsTicket]] ''(Ticket system)''
* [[Patchwork]] ''(Patch review management system)''
* [[Redmine]] ''(Project management system)''
* [[Request Tracker]] ''(Ticket system)''
* [[Setting up trac wiki|Trac]] ''(Enhanced wiki and issue tracking system for software development projects)''

== Storage ==

* [[Setting up disks manually|Disk setup (manual)]]
* [[Filesystems]]
** [[Burning ISOs]]
* [[Setting up iSCSI|iSCSI Setup]]
** [[iSCSI Raid and Clustered File Systems]]
** [[Linux iSCSI Target (TCM)|iSCSI Target (TCM)/LinuxIO (LIO)]]
** [[Linux iSCSI Target (tgt)|User space iSCSI Target (tgt)]]
* [[Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM|LVM Setup]]
** [[Setting up LVM on GPT-labeled disks|LVM on GPT-labeled disks]]
** [[Installing on GPT LVM|LVM on GPT-labeled disks (updated)]]
** [[LVM on LUKS]]
* RAID
** [[Raid Administration]]
** [[Setting up a software RAID array]]
* ZFS
** [[Root on ZFS with native encryption]]
** [[Setting up ZFS on LUKS]]
** [[Setting up ZFS with native encryption]]
** [[ZFS scrub and trim]]

== Virtualization ==

* [[Docker]]
* [[Installing Alpine in a virtual machine]]
** [[Install Alpine on VMware ESXi]]
* [[KVM]] ''(Setting up Alpine as a KVM hypervisor)''
* [[LXC]] ''(Setting up a Linux container in Alpine Linux)''
* [[QEMU]]
* Xen
** [[Xen Dom0]] ''(Setting up Alpine as a dom0 for Xen hypervisor)''
** [[Xen Dom0 on USB or SD]]
** [[Create Alpine Linux PV DomU|Xen DomU (paravirtualized)]]
** [[Xen LiveCD]]
** [[Xen PCI Passthrough]]

= Tutorials =

== Miscellaneous ==

* [[TTY_Autologin|TTY Autologin]]
* [[Kexec|Faster rebooting with kexec]]
* [[Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN)]] combined with [[Small Office Services]]
* [[DIY Fully working Alpine Linux for Allwinner and Other ARM SOCs]]
* [[Fault Tolerant Routing with Alpine Linux]]
* [[High Availability High Performance Web Cache]] ''(uCarp + HAProxy for High Availability Services such as Squid web proxy)''
* [[Linux iSCSI Target (TCM)]]
* [[ISP Mail Server 3.x HowTo]]] ''(Postfix+PostfixAdmin+DoveCot+Roundcube+ClamAV+Spamd - A full-service ISP mail server)''
* [[Replacing non-Alpine Linux with Alpine remotely]]
* [[Setting up A Network Monitoring and Inventory System]] ''(Nagios + OpenAudit and related components)'' 
* [[Streaming Security Camera Video with VLC]]

== Newbie corner ==

* [[How to get regular stuff working]] ''some notes on need-to-know topics''

== Servers ==

* [[Alpine production deploy]]
** [[Production Web server: Lighttpd|Production web server: Lighttpd‎‎]]
** [[MySQL|Production database: MySQL]]
** [[Production LAMP system: Lighttpd + PHP + MySQL‎‎]]
* Alpine production monitoring
** [[Cacti: traffic analysis and monitoring network]]
** [[Zabbix|Zabbix - the professional complete manager]]
* Kubernetes
** [[K8s]] Building a K8s Cluster on Alpine Linux

KDE

2024-02-29T00:28:39Z

Ncrav: Add information about installation and configuration with setup-desktop

[[File:KDEScreenshot.png |thumb |KDE Plasma screenshot.]]

KDE is a software project comprising a desktop environment known as Plasma, a collection of libraries and frameworks known as KDE Frameworks, and several applications known as KDE Applications. Their [https://userbase.kde.org/Welcome_to_KDE_UserBase UserBase wiki] has detailed information about most KDE Applications.

{{Note|the {{Pkg|plasma-desktop-meta|arch=}} package isn't available for the <code>ppc64le</code>, <code>s390x</code>, <code>armhf</code>, or <code>riscv64</code> architectures due to the {{Pkg|kdeplasma-addons|arch=}} dependency not being available there. However, the rest of Plasma may be installed separately to potentially get a functional desktop.}}
 

== Prerequisites ==

* [[Installation|Install]] Alpine Linux
* Create a [[Setting_up_a_new_user#Creating_a_new_user|user account]]
* Enable the <code>community</code> [[Repositories#Managing_repositories|repository]]
* For users interested in Xorg as opposed to Wayland, install the [[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-xorg-base|Xorg base packages]]
* [[D-Bus#Installation|Install and configure D-Bus]]
* [[Elogind#Installation|Install and configure Elogind]]
* Wayland users: Install package {{pkg|xf86-input-libinput|arch=}}

 

== Installation ==

=== Using setup-desktop ===

You may use the alpine provided ''setup-desktop'' to install and configure KDE, by running the command:

{{Cmd|# setup-desktop}}

on a shell and selecting KDE as your desktop.

=== Manual Installation ===

The following command will install the Plasma desktop as specified by the plasma metapackage, including the {{Pkg|sddm|arch=}} display manager and other assorted niceties.

{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|plasma-desktop-meta|arch=}}}}

{{:Include:Setup_Device_Manager}}

{{Note|'''polkit''' and '''udev''' are optional services for authentication and device management respectively. While KDE will function without these services enabled, some functionality may be missing or incomplete.}}

 

== KDE Applications ==

To install the full set of KDE Applications, install {{Pkg|kde-applications}}. You can also choose to install a smaller set of applications by installing any of the subpackages:

{{Note|Most of these are not available on <code>ppc64le</code> or <code>s390x</code>.}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-accessibility|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-admin|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-base|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-edu|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-games|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-graphics|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-multimedia|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-network|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-pim|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-sdk|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-utils|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-webdev|arch=}}

 

== Starting Plasma ==

Plasma can be started using a display manager or from the console.

=== Using a display manager ===

When Plasma is installed via the plasma meta-package, the display manager is set up using sddm.

Make sure you enable and start the SDDM service.

{{Cmd|rc-update add sddm
rc-service sddm start
}}

* Select ''Plasma'' to launch a new session in Wayland
* Select ''Plasma (X11)'' to launch a new session in Xorg

=== From the console ===

The Xorg session can be launched by installing {{Pkg|xinit|arch=}} and appending <code>exec startplasma-x11</code> to your <code>.xinitrc</code> file. To start X:
{{Cmd|xinit}}

For the Wayland session run
{{Cmd|XDG_SESSION_TYPE{{=}}wayland dbus-run-session startplasma-wayland}}

 

== Troubleshooting ==

=== HiDPI Scaling ===

When using high resolution screens, e.g. 4K, you might need to apply scaling so the fonts and windows are not too small.

In order to achieve this you can open <code>Settings -> Display and Monitor</code> and change the slider under ''Global Scale'' to an appropriate value.

You can also change the mouse cursor and icon size under <code>Settings -> Appearance</code>.

If your taskbar and window decorations are still too small, you might want to create the file {{path|~/.xprofile}} to define the ''PLASMA_USE_QT_SCALING'' environment variable:

{{Cmd|export PLASMA_USE_QT_SCALING{{=}}1}}

After creating this file, you may need to restart your session to apply this modification.

== See also ==
* [[Installation#Post-Installation|Post installation]]
* [[Flatpak]]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KDE KDE - Archwiki]

[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:Desktop Environments]]
[[Category:Wayland]]

KDE

2024-02-29T00:22:36Z

Ncrav: Add information regarding high resolution monitors and scaling

[[File:KDEScreenshot.png |thumb |KDE Plasma screenshot.]]

KDE is a software project comprising a desktop environment known as Plasma, a collection of libraries and frameworks known as KDE Frameworks, and several applications known as KDE Applications. Their [https://userbase.kde.org/Welcome_to_KDE_UserBase UserBase wiki] has detailed information about most KDE Applications.

{{Note|the {{Pkg|plasma-desktop-meta|arch=}} package isn't available for the <code>ppc64le</code>, <code>s390x</code>, <code>armhf</code>, or <code>riscv64</code> architectures due to the {{Pkg|kdeplasma-addons|arch=}} dependency not being available there. However, the rest of Plasma may be installed separately to potentially get a functional desktop.}}
 

== Prerequisites ==

* [[Installation|Install]] Alpine Linux
* Create a [[Setting_up_a_new_user#Creating_a_new_user|user account]]
* Enable the <code>community</code> [[Repositories#Managing_repositories|repository]]
* For users interested in Xorg as opposed to Wayland, install the [[Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-xorg-base|Xorg base packages]]
* [[D-Bus#Installation|Install and configure D-Bus]]
* [[Elogind#Installation|Install and configure Elogind]]
* Wayland users: Install package {{pkg|xf86-input-libinput|arch=}}

 

== Installation ==

The following command will install the Plasma desktop as specified by the plasma metapackage, including the {{Pkg|sddm|arch=}} display manager and other assorted niceties.

{{Cmd|# apk add {{pkg|plasma-desktop-meta|arch=}}}}

{{:Include:Setup_Device_Manager}}

{{Note|'''polkit''' and '''udev''' are optional services for authentication and device management respectively. While KDE will function without these services enabled, some functionality may be missing or incomplete.}}

 

== KDE Applications ==

To install the full set of KDE Applications, install {{Pkg|kde-applications}}. You can also choose to install a smaller set of applications by installing any of the subpackages:

{{Note|Most of these are not available on <code>ppc64le</code> or <code>s390x</code>.}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-accessibility|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-admin|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-base|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-edu|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-games|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-graphics|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-multimedia|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-network|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-pim|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-sdk|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-utils|arch=}}
* {{Pkg|kde-applications-webdev|arch=}}

 

== Starting Plasma ==

Plasma can be started using a display manager or from the console.

=== Using a display manager ===

When Plasma is installed via the plasma meta-package, the display manager is set up using sddm.

Make sure you enable and start the SDDM service.

{{Cmd|rc-update add sddm
rc-service sddm start
}}

* Select ''Plasma'' to launch a new session in Wayland
* Select ''Plasma (X11)'' to launch a new session in Xorg

=== From the console ===

The Xorg session can be launched by installing {{Pkg|xinit|arch=}} and appending <code>exec startplasma-x11</code> to your <code>.xinitrc</code> file. To start X:
{{Cmd|xinit}}

For the Wayland session run
{{Cmd|XDG_SESSION_TYPE{{=}}wayland dbus-run-session startplasma-wayland}}

 

== Troubleshooting ==

=== HiDPI Scaling ===

When using high resolution screens, e.g. 4K, you might need to apply scaling so the fonts and windows are not too small.

In order to achieve this you can open <code>Settings -> Display and Monitor</code> and change the slider under ''Global Scale'' to an appropriate value.

You can also change the mouse cursor and icon size under <code>Settings -> Appearance</code>.

If your taskbar and window decorations are still too small, you might want to create the file {{path|~/.xprofile}} to define the ''PLASMA_USE_QT_SCALING'' environment variable:

{{Cmd|export PLASMA_USE_QT_SCALING{{=}}1}}

After creating this file, you may need to restart your session to apply this modification.

== See also ==
* [[Installation#Post-Installation|Post installation]]
* [[Flatpak]]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KDE KDE - Archwiki]

[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:Desktop Environments]]
[[Category:Wayland]]

Fonts

2024-02-28T23:45:54Z

Ncrav: Add Changing GRUB font and font size

'''Fonts''' on Alpine Linux covers a wide range of various languages. If you can't see your language, you need to install the font that has glyphs (little picture) created for it. The square box called a substitute character or "tofu" that acts as a placeholder for missing a glyph usually with a two byte sequence. Tofu is a prepared food that is a traditional part of East Asian and Southeast Asian meals. It is often served in a white rectangular appearance.

 

{{Note|The system font directory is located at {{path|/usr/share/fonts}} which is reserved for the Alpine package creators and the package system. The user font location is located in {{path|~/.fonts}} which is the preferred install font location especially from unknown sources. Fonts have been used as a source of security exploits [https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-4535/product_id-7835/Freetype-Freetype.html (See CVEs)] so to reduce the spread of attack install fonts inside {{path|~/.fonts}}. The trusted system fonts that Alpine Linux packages typically are from well known sources like corporations like Google, Adobe, open organizations like Xorg or well known font designers or projects licensed as either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_Open_Font_License SIL], GPL, etc.}}

 

== Installation ==

Default internal fb fonts (tty console) or xorg fonts (desktops) are suitable for a default installation. {{Pkg|font-misc-misc}} is installed with Xorg, so fonts for most languages (Japanese, Korean, Latin, Cyrillic) are already covered. Exceptions are Arabic, Persian, Thai, Tamil, etc. according to the Wikipedia Page on languages for article translation.

 

These selections will cover most languages and are a good fit for most setups:

{{cmd|# apk add font-terminus font-inconsolata font-dejavu font-noto font-noto-cjk font-awesome font-noto-extra}}

 

These selections add special support for '''cyrillic languages like Russian and Serbian, etc.''':

{{cmd|# apk add font-vollkorn font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic}}

 

These selections cover special '''Asiatic languages like Japanese, etc.''':

{{cmd|# apk add font-terminus font-noto font-noto-thai font-noto-tibetan font-ipa font-sony-misc font-jis-misc}}

 

The following will add some '''partially supported Chinese fonts''':

{{cmd|# apk add font-isas-misc}}

 

These selection will cover, in general '''Arabic, Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana languages support''' for desktop setups:

{{cmd|<nowiki># apk add font-terminus font-noto font-noto-extra font-arabic-misc
# apk add font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic
# apk add font-noto-arabic font-noto-armenian font-noto-cherokee font-noto-devanagari font-noto-ethiopic font-noto-georgian
# apk add font-noto-hebrew font-noto-lao font-noto-malayalam font-noto-tamil font-noto-thaana font-noto-thai
</nowiki>}}

 

== Configuration ==

<code>fc-cache -fv</code> can be used to display the font locations and to update the cache.

 

Some applications do not specify a specific font to use but rather say sans-serif [sans means without as in without tiny lines], serif, monospace [as in proportional square font]. This is where Fontconfig comes into place by substituting the general font type with a specific font that you like. For package developers, {{path|/etc/fonts/conf.avail}} contains a fontconfig configuration file. This will be symlinked into {{path|/etc/fonts/conf.d}}. See {{path|/etc/fonts/conf.d/README}} for details about the meaning behind the priority numbers.

For regular users, you want to create/edit your personal {{path|~/.fonts.conf}}. This is in XML and describes which preferred font to use for these general types. See [https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html this] for details.

 

Per-user Configuration is made in {{path|~/.fonts.conf}} but it's hard to configure. An easier method is to use the
{{path|~/.Xresources}} file.

The following will set up for all users, a minimal resource usage for fonts. No antialiasing. No hint, etc:

{{cmd|# cat > /home/*/.Xresources << EOF
Xft.antialias: 0
Xft.rgba: rgb
Xft.autohint: 0
Xft.hinting: 1
Xft.hintstyle: hintslight
EOF
}}

 

== List of fonts in Alpine Linux ==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia_(typeface) Utopia] - {{pkg|font-adobe-utopia-*}}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noto_fonts Noto] - {{pkg|font-noto-*}} -- These fonts can cover different glyphs for your language. If you go to https://fonts.google.com/noto , you can try to search for your language to see if it is supported. If Alpine doesn't have it, you can download it from Google into your {{path|~/.font}} . As hinted in the introduction, noto comes from '''no to'''fu or gradual elimination of these substitute characters off the web.
* [https://terminus-font.sourceforge.net/ Terminus] - {{pkg|font-terminus}} -- Monospace font
* [https://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/systems/win32/bakoma/fonts/fonts.html BaKoMa] {{pkg|font-bakoma-*}} -- Fonts for TeX typesetting system (for academics in the math and sciences and book writers) and TeX (WYSIWYG) editors
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bitstream Vera] {{pkg|font-bitstream-*}}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bera (Bitstream Vera Type 1)] - {{pkg|font-bitstream-type1}} -- Use for LaTeX
* [https://fontawesome.com/ Font Awesome] - {{pkg|font-awesome}} -- It was used in Twitter Bootstrap. It is a font representing things and brands as Icons.
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/ GNU FreeFont] - {{pkg|font-freefont}} -- See link for support for different writing systems/languages
* [https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/unifont/ GNU Unifont] - {{pkg|font-unifont}} -- It contains glyphs of every codepoint
* {{pkg|font-misc-cyrillic}} -- Cyrillic fonts (Russian/Slavic Style)
* {{pkg|font-screen-cyrillic}} -- X.org public domain Cyrillic fonts for screen use
* {{pkg|font-misc-ethiopic}} -- Ethiopic fonts used in Ethiopia and Eritrea
* {{pkg|font-misc-misc}} -- Bitmap fonts in PCF format (shows glyphs of many types and installed by default by xorg-server package)
* [https://www.rockbox.org/mail/archive/rockbox-dev-archive-2005-12/0029.shtml ClearlyU fonts] - {{pkg|font-mutt-misc}} -- Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana. See link to changelog for full list of languages supported.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpass_(typeface) Overpass] - {{pkg|font-overpass}}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxi_fonts Luxi fonts] - {{pkg|font-bh-*}} -- designed by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow which bh is refers to the last name
* [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/IPAfont IPA Font] - {{pkg|font-ipa}} -- A Japanese font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croscore_fonts Chrome OS core fonts] - {{pkg|font-croscore}}
* [http://vollkorn-typeface.com/ Vollkorn] - {{pkg|font-vollkorn}} - A serif font with glyphs for Cyrillic (Russian/Slavic), Greek, Polish, Dutch, Bulgarian, Serbian, and small capitals
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sans Open Sans] - {{pkg|font-opensans}}
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantarell_(typeface) Cantarell] - {{pkg|font-cantarell}} -- Designed for reading and the default GNOME font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DejaVu_fonts DejaVu] - {{pkg|font-dejavu}} -- A modified Bitstream Vera with more styles and unicode coverage
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Libertine Linux Libertine] - {{pkg|font-linux-libertine}} -- A free alternative to Times New Roman
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts Liberation] {{pkg|font-liberation}} -- A free alternative to Helvetica and Arial
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inconsolata Inconsolata] - {{pkg|font-inconsolata}} -- A monospace font designed for terminals and reading source code
* [https://madmalik.github.io/mononoki/ mononoki] - {{pkg|font-mononoki}} -- A font for programming and code review
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droid_fonts Droid] - {{pkg|font-droid}} / {{pkg|font-droid-nonlatin}} -- Designed for small screens and was used in older Android
* {{pkg|font-schumacher-misc}} -- Fixed width fonts by Dale Schumacher
* {{pkg|font-sony-misc}} -- Japanese Kana fonts by Sony Electronics
* {{pkg|font-cursor-misc}} -- A standard cursor font
* {{pkg|font-sun-misc}} -- Cursor and glyph fonts by Sun Microsystems
* {{pkg|font-winitzki-cyrillic}} -- A Cyrillic (Russian) font by Serge Winitzki designed for proofreading mixed Russian-English text
* {{pkg|font-isas-misc}} -- Chinese Song Ti style fonts (thinner horizontal lines compared to vertical)
* {{pkg|font-jis-misc}} -- A Japanese International Standard font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)#IBM_Courier IBM Courier] {{pkg|font-ibm-type1}}
* {{pkg|font-dec-misc}} -- A Digital Equipment Corporation cursor and session fonts
* {{pkg|font-cronyx-cyrillic}} -- A Russian font for X11 by Cronyx
* {{pkg|font-arabic-misc}} -- A bitmap and proportional Arabic font in newspaper style [https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/Archives-Old/UML010/0237.html ]

==Non-free fonts==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_fonts_for_the_Web Core fonts for the Web] ({{Pkg|msttcorefonts-installer}}) - For installing non-free proprietary Microsoft fonts like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Sans Comic Sans]. Not recommended for commercial or open source projects. See their [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208063245/http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fontpack/eula.htm licensing].
Arial
Arial Black
Andalé Mono
Courier New
Comic Sans MS
Georgia
Impact
Times New Roman
Trebuchet MS
Verdana
Webdings

== Changing the console font ==

The default font may be too small on high-resolution monitors, e.g. 4K ones. To change the default font, e.g. to the 32px ISO Latin-1 Terminus font:

# {{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|font-terminus}}}}
# try out fonts in a virtual console using <code># setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/ter-132n.psf.gz</code>
# edit {{path|/etc/conf.d/consolefont}}, set it to the font you choose, e.g. <code>consolefont="ter-132n.psf.gz"</code>
# enable this using <code># rc-update add consolefont boot</code>

== Changing GRUB font and font size ==

The font in the GRUB boot screen might also be too small on high-resolution monitors. In order to change the default font and font size, you first need install ''grub-mkfont'':

{{cmd|# apk add {{pkg|grub-mkfont}}}}

Then you can choose one of the fonts in {{path|/usr/share/fonts}}, e.g. {{path|/usr/share/fonts/inconsolata/Inconsolata-Regular.otf}}. Then you can create a grub font with the desired size:

{{cmd|# grub-mkfont -s32 /usr/share/fonts/inconsolata/Inconsolata-Regular.otf -o /boot/grub/fonts/inconsolata-32.pf2}}

Here we are using size 32 but you can adjust it.

After creating the font you need to edit {{path|/etc/default/grub}} and add the configuration with the path for your selected font, e.g. {{path| /boot/grub/fonts/inconsolata-32.pf2}}:

<code>GRUB_FONT=/boot/grub/fonts/inconsolata-32.pf2</code>

Finally you can run

{{cmd|# update-grub}}

and then you can reboot your system.

== See Also ==

* [[Emojis]]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fonts Fonts - Archwiki]

[[Category:Infographics]]

Flatpak

2024-02-28T23:15:43Z

Ncrav: Add possible solution to dbus errors when dbus-launch didn't run

Flatpak is a technology for building and distributing applications with the goal of having a universal package format for all Linux distributions, it is similar to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_(software) Snap],

== Setup / Installation ==

=== Runtime dependencies ===

* {{Pkg|dbus}}
* {{Pkg|polkit}}
* {{Pkg|xdg-desktop-portal}}
* an implementation of <code>xdg-desktop-portal</code>, e.g. {{Pkg|xdg-desktop-portal-gtk}}

{{Note|If you are running a window manager from {{Path|.xinitrc}}, make sure you are running a <code>dbus</code> session explicitly, i.e.:

{{Cmd|# exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session your_favourite_wm}}}}

=== Installing Flatpak Itself ===

''From: https://flatpak.org/setup/Alpine/''

{{Note|To install Flatpak you will need to enable the Community repository, See: [[Repositories#Managing_repositories|Repositories - Managing repositories]]}}

To install Flatpak run:

{{cmd|# apk add {{Pkg|flatpak}}}}

Next you need to add a repository, for this guide we will use the recommended repository, [https://flathub.org Flathub].

{{cmd|$ flatpak remote-add --user --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo}}

Flatpak is now ready to use immediately, however flatpak desktop entries will not appear until you restart your desktop session (i.e. by logging out and then logging back in)

== Usage ==

To get all of the available options to use with the '''flatpak''' command run: '''flatpak --help''' or '''flatpak -h''',

=== Search ===

To search for applications run '''flatpak --user search <appplicationname>'''

Example:

~'''$''' flatpak --user search chromium

Name Description Application ID Version Branch Remotes
Chromium Web Browser The web browser from Chromium project org.chromium.Chromium 96.0.4664.93 stable flathub
Chromium B.S.U. Fast paced, arcade-style, top-scrolling space shooter net.sourceforge.chromium-bsu 0.9.16.1 stable flathub
ungoogled-chromium A lightweight approach to removing Google web service dependency com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium 96.0.4664.45 stable flathub


 

=== Install ===

To install a package run '''flatpak --user install <applicationname>'''

~'''$''' flatpak --user install com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium

Looking for matches…

com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium permissions:
ipc network cups pulseaudio wayland x11
devices file access [1] dbus access [2] bus ownership [3] system dbus access [4]

[1] /run/.heim_org.h5l.kcm-socket, home, xdg-run/pipewire-0
[2] org.freedesktop.FileManager1, org.freedesktop.Notifications, org.freedesktop.secrets, org.gnome.SessionManager
[3] org.mpris.MediaPlayer2.chromium.*
[4] org.freedesktop.Avahi, org.freedesktop.UPower

ID Branch Op Remote Download
1. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Codecs stable i flathub < 1.1 MB
2. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Locale stable i flathub < 112.8 kB
3. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium stable i flathub < 119.0 MB

Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]:


or if you don't know or don't want to type the exact package name:

~'''$''' flatpak --user install chromium

Looking for matches…
Similar refs found for ‘chromium’ in remote ‘flathub’ (system):

1) app/net.sourceforge.chromium-bsu/x86_64/stable
2) runtime/com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Codecs/x86_64/stable
3) runtime/org.chromium.Chromium.Codecs/x86_64/stable
4) app/org.chromium.Chromium/x86_64/stable
5) app/com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium/x86_64/stable

Which do you want to use (0 to abort)? [0-5]:


=== Remove ===

To remove a package run: '''flatpak --user remove <applicationname>'''

~'''$''' flatpak --user remove com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium

ID Branch Op
1. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium stable r
2. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Codecs stable r
3. com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Locale stable r

Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]:


or if you don't know or don't want to type the exact package name:

~'''$''' flatpak --user remove chromium

Similar installed refs found for ‘chromium’:

1) app/com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium/x86_64/stable (system)
2) runtime/com.github.Eloston.UngoogledChromium.Codecs/x86_64/stable (system)
3) All of the above

Which do you want to use (0 to abort)? [0-3]:


== Developers ==

* [https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/available-runtimes.html Flatpak - available runtimes]

These are all hosted on [https://flathub.org/ Flathub.org].

== Troubleshooting ==
{{Draft|More documentation and testing is needed, but everything currently here should be safe to follow.}}

=== Permission errors ===

If you receive errors about permissions then you may need to add your user to the '''flatpak''' group.

{{Note|You need to log out and log back in or reboot for the group change(s) to take effect}}

=== Application launch errors ===

If the application is not starting try running it with {{Cmd|<nowiki>flatpak run the.application.name</nowiki>}} on a terminal. If this yields an a dbus error starting with ''Failed to connect to session bus'' then you might solve this by adding

{{Cmd|<nowiki>export $(dbus-launch)</nowiki>}}

in {{Path|/etc/profile}}.

=== Fixing audio issues ===

If you have a minimal setup and don't have access to audio devices you will need to set the XDG_RUNTIME_DIR variable. Save the following script in {{Path|/etc/profile.d/xdg_runtime_dir.sh}} and re-login to have it set up properly.

if test -z "${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}"; then
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/tmp/$(id -u)
fi

When you launch a Flatpak you will need to start pulseaudio as well:

{{Cmd|$ pulseaudio --start && flatpak run com.example.Example}}

=== Unable to upload files ===

If you are unable to upload files from the host, this maybe due to [https://docs.flatpak.org/en/latest/sandbox-permissions.html Flatpak sandbox] and you may have to manually add the authorization.

This can be done with the following commands:

{{Cmd|<nowiki>$ flatpak override ApplicationID --filesystem=/home/user/Downloads</nowiki>}}

Where ''ApplicationID'' is given by:

{{Cmd|$ flatpak list}}

For example:

{{Cmd|<nowiki>$ flatpak override org.signal.Signal --filesystem=/home/user/Downloads</nowiki>}}

=== Error while opening repository ===

There is a current issue where sometimes flatpak will try to read the system-wide repository even if your install is with --user. This will result in failure to launch a flatpak application with the terminal reading ""error: While opening repository /var/lib/flatpak/repo: opening repo: opendir(/var/lib/flatpak/repo): No such file or directory". An alpine user has posted more information, as well as a workaround, at https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/5488

== Links ==
* [https://flatpak.org/ Flatpak]
* [https://flathub.org/ Flathub]
* [https://winepak.github.io/ Winepak]

[[Category:Package Manager]]
[[Category: Desktop]]