Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

User:Mlavi

2021-01-24T18:41:26Z

Mlavi:

Learn more about me: http://mlavi.github.io/about

Requirements

2020-12-24T20:27:57Z

Mlavi: /* Booting */

This page will tell you what requirements you will need to use the Alpine Linux operating system:
__TOC__

== Hardware requirements ==

For installation and usage take in consideration Alpine can run in several devices, from the popular PC machine also including video game consoles like Game boy Advance and 3DS, so you must check:

** Architectures
** Memory
** Storage
** Peripherals

=== Architectures ===

'''Means kind of computer, The most popular is the misnamed "intel IBM PC"''' or "i386" which is actually in fact the x86 or x64, there are other computers supporteds that are not "x86" like mainframes also servers, as embebed devices.. inclusivelly routers like Sonicwall and Cisco ones. Here are the supported:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Supported Arch !! Supported since !! Meaning of installation and target architecture
|-
| x86_64 || all || The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based machines, i386 is not recommended for newer/latest hardware.
|-
| x86 || all || The all popular 32 bit intel (i386 pc 32bit) and x86_64 (i686 pc 64bit and amd64)compatible (both)
|-
| ppc64le || v3.6 || For the PowerPC devices with pure little-endian mode, mostly for POWER8 and POWER9
|-
| armhf || v3.0 || The newer ARM hard-float for newer, more powerful 32-bit devices alongside 64-bit. Including video games!
|-
| armv7 || v3.9 || The 32-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv7 devices machines. Including video game consoles!
|-
| aarch64 || v3.5 || The 64-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv8 device machines. Like Rasberri's
|-
| ppc64le || v3.6 || for 64-bit big-endian PowerPC and Power ISA processors like some MAC computers.
|-
| s390x || v3.6 || For the Super powered IBM mainframes, especially IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE servers.
|}

=== Memory ===

'''Means minimum amount of RAM memory. Need of RAM it depends of the meaning of the installation''', any hardware are supported and there is minimum sizes for:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Target Arch !! Minimum RAM to start !! Minimum RAM to install !! Minimum RAM for GUI desktop !! Enough for GUI work
|-
| x86_64 || 512 Megs || 512 Megs || 2 Gigs || 8 Gigs
|-
| x86_32 || 128 Megs || 256 Megs || 1 Gigs || 3 Gigs
|-
| ppc64le || 128 Megs || 256 Megs || 2 Gigs || 8 Gigs
|-
| armhf || 256 Megs || 512 Megs || 1 Gigs || 6 Gigs
|-
| armv7 || 256 Megs || 512 Megs || 1 Gigs || 6 Gigs
|-
| aarch64 || 256 Megs || 512 Megs || 2 Gigs || 8 Gigs
|-
| ppc64le || 256 Megs || 512 Megs || 1 Gigs || 6 Gigs
|-
| s390x || 128 Megs || 256 Megs || 2 Gigs || N/A
|}

=== Storage ===

'''Means any external or internal storage device that can be added after or before install to use''' by the Alpine Linux system. Currently depends of the current linux kernel supported.

'''All the PATA and SATA hard disk drives are supported, also any USB or SD''' card that can be detected by USB BUS by the linux kernel subsystem during install.

=== Peripherals ===

'''Means any external or internal device that can be added after or before install to detectd''' by the Alpine Linux system. Currently depends of the current linux kernel supported.

ISA devices are not supported since 3.8 because kernel drops support.

Almost any GPU are supported, but for advanced features, 3D acceleration are manager by MESA project:

* Intel: mostly any Intel by one exception, intel i810/i815 will lack of features cos only has 4Mb memory, Mesa and Linux drop theit support.
* ATI/AMD, only radeon series with exception of recent two last years respect Alpine release, Rage r128/match64 series has limited support.
* Nvidia: limited; only few are complete supported! not all features are allowed!
* Matrox: not all features are supported, just cos are shipped on most servers.
* Sis: limited features are supported, since code are not updated on Xorg and Linux kernel
* Via: limited features are supported, since openchrome code are not updated on Xorg and Linux kernel

== Software requirements ==

** Media
** Booting
** Storage
** Firmware

=== Media ===

'''Means the files need for dump the install media, and later boot from the target install''' machine, of course downloaded from http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/ or main Download page.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Available for !! ISO (for USB, CD/DVD) !! IMG (for Netboot) !! TAR (for ROOTFS, in tar.gz) !! Download links
|-
| x86_64 || YES || YES || N/A || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/x86_64/
|-
| x86 || YES || YES || N/A || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/x86/
|-
| ppc64le || NO || YES || YES || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/ppc64le/
|-
| armhf || NO || YES || YES || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/armhf/
|-
| armv7 || NO || YES || YES || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/armv7/
|-
| aarch64 || YES || YES || YES || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/aarch64/
|-
| mips64 || YES || YES || N/A || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/mips64/
|-
| s390x || YES || YES || N/A || http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/releases/s390x/
|}

==== Checksum ====

'''Means Commands to verify the checksum and GPG signature of a downloaded image file on different systems, is complete optional!'''. This kind of check are made to verify if the download media ISO (for USB, CD/DVD), IMG (for Netboot) or TAR (for ROOTFS, in tar.gz) file are correct and will work. Just performs that command in your system before use that downloaded file:

{| class="wikitable"
! OS where media was downloaded !! <code>sha265</code> calculation (to be compared manually) !! <code>GPG</code> signature verification
|-
| Linux || <code>sha256sum -c alpine-*.iso.sha256</code> || <code>curl https://alpinelinux.org/keys/ncopa.asc |<br> gpg --import ;<br><nowiki>gpg --verify alpine-*.iso.asc alpine-*.iso</nowiki></code>
|-
| MACOS || <code>shasum -a 256 alpine-*.iso</code> || - ? -
|-
| BSD || <code>/usr/local/bin/shasum -a 256 alpine-*.iso</code> || - ? -
|}

=== Booting ===

'''Means support for kind of BIOS setup of machine, and where can be media downloaded will be boot''', please for more info check [[Alpine_and_UEFI|Alpine and UEFI]] wiki page.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Supported Arch !! Supported BIOS !! Supported Types !! Media Boot Recommended
|-
| x86_64 || Coreboot, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, UEFI || '''USB''', CD/DVD (ISO)
|-
| x86 || Coreboot, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, UEFI || '''USB''', CD/DVD (ISO)
|-
| ppc64le || Coreboot, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, UEFI || '''USB''', CD/DVD (ISO)
|-
| armhf || Uboot, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, UEFI || '''NET''', MINIROOTFS (TAR.GZ)
|-
| armv7 || Uboot, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, UEFI || '''NET''', MINIROOTFS (TAR.GZ)
|-
| aarch64 || ?Coreboot?, Vendor/OEM || BIOS, ?UEFI? || '''USB''', CD/DVD (ISO)
|-
| mips64 || Vendor/OEM || ? || MINIROOTFS (TAR.GZ)
|-
| s390x || Vendor/OEM || BIOS, ?UEFI?|| '''USB''', CD/DVD
|}

If the computer does not automatically boot from the desired device, one needs to bring up the boot menu selection for choosing the media to boot from. Depending on the computer the menu may be accessed by quickly (repeatedly) pressing a key when booting starts, or sometimes it is needed to press the button before starting the computer and keep holding it when it boots. Typical keys are: `F9`-`F12`, sometimes `F7` or `F8`. If these don't bring up the boot menu, it may be necessary to enter the BIOS configuration and adjust the boot settings, for which typical keys are: `Del.` `F1` `F2` `F6` or `Esc.`

=== Space ===

'''This means amount of available space in disk partitions to perform a kind of install''' and of course will depends of type and meaning of your desired install, this are the recommended sizes but depends of the BIOS/UEFI supported you must perform and read the [[Alpine_and_UEFI#Alpine_disk_layout_for_UEFI|Alpine disk layout for UEFI/BIOS at Alpine and UEFI]] wiki page.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Minimum sizes !! Partition for BOOT (<code>/boot</code>) !! Partition for ROOT (<code>/</code>) !! Partition for HOME (<code>/home</code>) !! Partition for SWAP (<code>N/A</code>)
|-
| base only || 100 Megs || 500 Megs || 1 Gigs || Optional
|-
| default server || 200 Megs || 2 Gigs || 2 Gigs || 4 Gigs
|-
| default desktop || 250 Megs || 12 Gigs || 80 Gigs || 8 Gigs
|-
| mail server || 200 Megs || 20 Gigs || 20+ Gigs || 8 Gigs
|-
| web server || 200 Megs || 10 Gigs || 20+ Gigs || 8 Gigs
|}

= See Also =

# [[Installation]]
# [[Alpine_newbie#Install|Alpine_newbie Install section]]

[[Category:Installation]]

__FORCETOC__

User talk:Mlavi

2020-12-19T19:33:42Z

Mlavi: Created page with "* Ansible APK Module: To be confirmed: the module is planned to move out of Ansible base in the future, forcing use of the collection."

* [[Ansible APK Module]]: To be confirmed: the module is planned to move out of Ansible base in the future, forcing use of the collection.

User:Mlavi

2020-12-19T19:32:46Z

Mlavi: Created page with "You can learn more about me on http://mlavi.github.io/about"

You can learn more about me on http://mlavi.github.io/about

Setting up a new user

2020-12-18T00:49:18Z

Mlavi: typos and simplified grammar

{{TOC right}}

Creating a user is an important step when first configuring a Linux system. Generally ''root'' account is used for administration only as it has access to the operating system and its configuration. This are not a good practice, so the recommendation are creation of accounts for specific purposes like remote connection or desktop usage.

This document will show first basic usage overview and later detailed cases of user management in Alpine linux.

= Overview and new users accounts =

Creating user accounts provides the users their own $HOME directory and allows you (the root administrator) to limit the access that these user accounts have to the operating system's configuration. Using them increases the security, because they limit possible actions and thus the possible damage (even from accidental errors).

== Creating a new user ==

Using the command '''adduser''' will allow you to create a new user in the system.

{{Cmd|adduser <username>}}

It will prompt to set a password for the new user, by example let's create a new user with session name "test"

# adduser test
Changing password for test
New password:
Retype password:
passwd: password for test changed by root

The new user can be seen in

{{Cat|/etc/passwd|root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash
.
.
.
test:x:1000:1000:Linux User,,,:/home/test:/bin/ash}}

You can now ''exit'' and login to the new account. The [[#management_of_users_and_logins]] section has detailed usage and is recommended!

== User management commands ==

Alpine at install comes only with busybox user management commands and the following are standard for all Linux distributions

If no ''OPTIONS'' is set, by default when creating a new user, it will create a home directory in {{Path|/home/<username>}}, with the shell set that uses the ''root'' account (ash by default), user ID and group ID 1000+, and the GECOS field ''Linux User,,,''.

=== adduser ===

Usage:

<pre><nowiki>adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]</nowiki></pre>

Create new user, or add USER to GROUP

* --home DIR Home directory
* --gecos GECOS GECOS field
* --shell SHELL Login shell named SHELL by example /bin/bash
* --ingroup GRP Group (by name)
* --system Create a system user
* --disabled-password Don't assign a password so cannot login in
* --no-create-home Don't create home directory
* --uid UID User id

Those options only work for newer versions:

* -k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)

One thing to note is that if <nowiki>--ingroup</nowiki> isn't set then the GID is assigned to match the UID. If the GID corresponding to the provided UID already exists adduser will fail.

=== addgroup ===

Usage:

<pre><nowiki>addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP</nowiki></pre>

Add a group or add a user to a group

* --gid GID Group id
* --system Create a system group

Where the most common Alpine base groups permissions are:

* '''disk''':x:6:root,adm Only if need usage vith virtual machines and access to other partitions over new disks for
* '''lp''':x:7:lp IF will need to use printing services and printers management
* '''floppy''':x:11:root Backguard compatible group, use only if need access to external special devices
* '''audio''':x:18: Need for audio listening and management of sound volumes as normal user
* '''cdrom''':x:19: For access to disck writers and mounting DVD, BR or CD rom disk as normal user
* '''dialout''':x:20:root Need for dial private connections and use of modems as normal users
* '''tape''':x:26:root Need have into this if plan to use special devices for backup.. rarelly in no servers
* '''video''':x:27:root For usage of cameras, mor thant one GPU special features, as normal user
* '''netdev''':x:28: For network connections management as normal user
* '''kvm''':x:34:kvm Only if as normal user will manage graphically virtual machines.. rarelly on no servers
* '''games''':x:35: Need if you want to play games also specially need if will share score between users
* '''cdrw''':x:80: To write RW-DVD, RW-BR or RW-CD disk on a disk writing device
* '''apache''':x:81: Need if you will perfom development as normal user and want to publish locally on web server
* '''usb''':x:85: Need to access to special usb devices, deprecated group
* '''users''':x:100:games If you plan to used common files for all users, mandatory as desktop usage

A more complete list are in : https://git.alpinelinux.org/alpine-baselayout/tree/group more detailed user and group management are in the sections below:

= management of users and logins =

When Alpine Linux is first installed by default it comes with the user ''root'' with no password set '''so the first step after boot into alpine fresh install are set a password to the user ''root''''', if during isntall was run setup-alpine to change root password, that will be already assigned and can be changed with those setup steps described here. More info in the [[Setting up a new user|Setting users]] wiki page.

== Users creation and defaults ==

'''Only ''root'' can manage users'''. Creating an account allows it to have it's own <code><nowiki>$HOME</nowiki></code> directory and allows you to limit access to the configuration of the operating system for security reasons. So the following commands will first setup root environment login and then assing a new password:

<pre><nowiki>
cat > /root/.cshrc << EOF
unsetenv DISPLAY || true
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
EOF

cp /root/.cshrc /root/.profile

echo "secret_new_root_password" | chpasswd
</nowiki></pre>

The remote management cannot be done with root directly by default, due ssh security, so we need to setup an remote connection account to made "su" once connected.

The most recommended it's having a access user here named "remote" and normal general usage user here named "general" for convenience, in the next commands we will setup a very hardened limited environment for any new user and created those two users:

<pre><nowiki>
mkdir -p /etc/skel/

cat > /etc/skel/.logout << EOF
history -c
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.mysql_history
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.history
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.bash_history
EOF

cat > /etc/skel/.cshrc << EOF
set autologout = 30
set prompt = "$ "
set history = 0
set ignoreeof
EOF

cp /etc/skel/.cshrc /etc/skel/.profile

adduser -D --home /opt/remote --shell /bin/ash remote

echo "secret_new_remote_user_password" | chpasswd

adduser -D --shell /bin/bash general

echo "secret_new_general_user_password" | chpasswd
</nowiki></pre>

{{Tip|"'''general'''" are the name of the user, that name MUST be only lowercase letters and no spaces with no symbols}}

Note that those users are created with minimal settings.

== Users management and system access ==

But this user will not have enough privileges for a desktop made purposes, Alpine comes with high security so administrator (the ''root'' account owner) must perform the management of that user. Take care, for a server made there's no similar procedure!

Now we can changes some defaults and added to proper groups to access devices or perform connections so, those are the recommended groups where the user must have in:

<pre><nowiki>
for u in $(ls /home); do for g in disk lp floppy audio cdrom dialout video netdev games users; do addgroup $u $g; done;done
</nowiki></pre>

Management of users can be made with the default '''busybox''', but for easier administration, you can add the '''libuser''' package from the testing repository:

<pre><nowiki>
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/edge/testing/
EOF

apk update

apk add libuser

cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
EOF

apk update

touch /etc/login.defs

touch /etc/default/useradd
</nowiki></pre>

Now we have ''libuser'' also '''can change default shell''':

* If you want to change the current user's shell, log in as that user and then inside their terminal session execute:: <pre>lchsh</pre>
* If you want to change a different user's shell, run as administration or as '''''root''''': <pre><nowiki>lchsh general</nowiki></pre>

Where "general" was the name of a created user login in previous sections.

== See also: ==

[[Alpine_newbie_apk_packages#Users_creation_and_defaults]]

[[Category:Newbie]]

Setting up a new user

2020-12-18T00:46:17Z

Mlavi: Some minor grammar edits and simplification!

{{TOC right}}

Creating a user is an important step when first configuring a Linux system. Generally ''root'' account is used for administration only as it has access to the operating system and its configuration. This are not a good practice, so the recommendation are creation of accounts for specific purposes like remote connection or desktop usage.

This document will show first basic usage overview and later detailed cases of user management in Alpine linux.

= Overview and new users accounts =

Creating user accounts provides the users their own $HOME directory and allows you (the root administrator) to limit the access that these user accounts have to the operating system's configuration. Using them increases the security, because they limit possible actions and thus the possible damage (even from accidental errors).

== Creating a new user ==

Using the command '''adduser''' will allow you to create a new user in the system.

{{Cmd|adduser <username>}}

It will prompt to set a password for the new user, by example let's create a new user with session name "test"

# adduser test
Changing password for test
New password:
Retype password:
passwd: password for test changed by root

The new user can be seen in

{{Cat|/etc/passwd|root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash
.
.
.
test:x:1000:1000:Linux User,,,:/home/test:/bin/ash}}

You can now ''exit'' and login to the new account. The follwing section [[#management_of_users_and_logins]] next here have better detailed usage and its recommended to read!

== User management commands ==

Alpine at install comes only with busybox user management commands and the following are standar for all linux distributions

If no ''OPTIONS'' is set, by default when creating a new user, it will create a home directory in {{Path|/home/<username>}}, with the shell set that uses the ''root'' account (ash by default), user ID and group ID 1000+, and the GECOS field ''Linux User,,,''.

=== adduser ===

Usage:

<pre><nowiki>adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]</nowiki></pre>

Create new user, or add USER to GROUP

* --home DIR Home directory
* --gecos GECOS GECOS field
* --shell SHELL Login shell named SHELL by example /bin/bash
* --ingroup GRP Group (by name)
* --system Create a system user
* --disabled-password Don't assign a password so cannot login in
* --no-create-home Don't create home directory
* --uid UID User id

Those options only work for newer versions:

* -k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)

One thing to note is that if <nowiki>--ingroup</nowiki> isn't set then the GID is assigned to match the UID. If the GID corresponding to the provided UID already exists adduser will fail.

=== addgroup ===

Usage:

<pre><nowiki>addgroup [-g GID] [-S] [USER] GROUP</nowiki></pre>

Add a group or add a user to a group

* --gid GID Group id
* --system Create a system group

Where the most common Alpine base groups permissions are:

* '''disk''':x:6:root,adm Only if need usage vith virtual machines and access to other partitions over new disks for
* '''lp''':x:7:lp IF will need to use printing services and printers management
* '''floppy''':x:11:root Backguard compatible group, use only if need access to external special devices
* '''audio''':x:18: Need for audio listening and management of sound volumes as normal user
* '''cdrom''':x:19: For access to disck writers and mounting DVD, BR or CD rom disk as normal user
* '''dialout''':x:20:root Need for dial private connections and use of modems as normal users
* '''tape''':x:26:root Need have into this if plan to use special devices for backup.. rarelly in no servers
* '''video''':x:27:root For usage of cameras, mor thant one GPU special features, as normal user
* '''netdev''':x:28: For network connections management as normal user
* '''kvm''':x:34:kvm Only if as normal user will manage graphically virtual machines.. rarelly on no servers
* '''games''':x:35: Need if you want to play games also specially need if will share score between users
* '''cdrw''':x:80: To write RW-DVD, RW-BR or RW-CD disk on a disk writing device
* '''apache''':x:81: Need if you will perfom development as normal user and want to publish locally on web server
* '''usb''':x:85: Need to access to special usb devices, deprecated group
* '''users''':x:100:games If you plan to used common files for all users, mandatory as desktop usage

A more complete list are in : https://git.alpinelinux.org/alpine-baselayout/tree/group more detailed user and group management are in the sections below:

= management of users and logins =

When Alpine Linux is first installed by default it comes with the user ''root'' with no password set '''so the first step after boot into alpine fresh install are set a password to the user ''root''''', if during isntall was run setup-alpine to change root password, that will be already assigned and can be changed with those setup steps described here. More info in the [[Setting up a new user|Setting users]] wiki page.

== Users creation and defaults ==

'''Only ''root'' can manage users'''. Creating an account allows it to have it's own <code><nowiki>$HOME</nowiki></code> directory and allows you to limit access to the configuration of the operating system for security reasons. So the following commands will first setup root environment login and then assing a new password:

<pre><nowiki>
cat > /root/.cshrc << EOF
unsetenv DISPLAY || true
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
EOF

cp /root/.cshrc /root/.profile

echo "secret_new_root_password" | chpasswd
</nowiki></pre>

The remote management cannot be done with root directly by default, due ssh security, so we need to setup an remote connection account to made "su" once connected.

The most recommended it's having a access user here named "remote" and normal general usage user here named "general" for convenience, in the next commands we will setup a very hardened limited environment for any new user and created those two users:

<pre><nowiki>
mkdir -p /etc/skel/

cat > /etc/skel/.logout << EOF
history -c
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.mysql_history
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.history
/bin/rm -f /opt/remote/.bash_history
EOF

cat > /etc/skel/.cshrc << EOF
set autologout = 30
set prompt = "$ "
set history = 0
set ignoreeof
EOF

cp /etc/skel/.cshrc /etc/skel/.profile

adduser -D --home /opt/remote --shell /bin/ash remote

echo "secret_new_remote_user_password" | chpasswd

adduser -D --shell /bin/bash general

echo "secret_new_general_user_password" | chpasswd
</nowiki></pre>

{{Tip|"'''general'''" are the name of the user, that name MUST be only lowercase letters and no spaces with no symbols}}

Note that those users are created with minimal settings.

== Users management and system access ==

But this user will not have enough privileges for a desktop made purposes, Alpine comes with high security so administrator (the ''root'' account owner) must perform the management of that user. Take care, for a server made there's no similar procedure!

Now we can changes some defaults and added to proper groups to access devices or perform connections so, those are the recommended groups where the user must have in:

<pre><nowiki>
for u in $(ls /home); do for g in disk lp floppy audio cdrom dialout video netdev games users; do addgroup $u $g; done;done
</nowiki></pre>

Management of users can be made with the default '''busybox''', but for easier administration, you can add the '''libuser''' package from the testing repository:

<pre><nowiki>
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/edge/testing/
EOF

apk update

apk add libuser

cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main
http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community
EOF

apk update

touch /etc/login.defs

touch /etc/default/useradd
</nowiki></pre>

Now we have ''libuser'' also '''can change default shell''':

* If you want to change the current user's shell, log in as that user and then inside their terminal session execute:: <pre>lchsh</pre>
* If you want to change a different user's shell, run as administration or as '''''root''''': <pre><nowiki>lchsh general</nowiki></pre>

Where "general" was the name of a created user login in previous sections.

== See also: ==

[[Alpine_newbie_apk_packages#Users_creation_and_defaults]]

[[Category:Newbie]]