Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Radeon Video

2022-02-25T21:12:11Z

ITwrx: /* Setup Xorg/udev */

{{TOC right}}

The following instructions are for modern AMD GPU chipsets covered by the radeon driver.

== Setup Xorg/udev ==

# Run the <code>[[Alpine setup scripts#setup-xorg-base|setup-xorg-base]]</code> script.
# For Radeon compat GPUs, install the Xorg AMD video drivers: {{Cmd|# apk add xf86-video-ati}}
# For newer, AMDGPU compat devices, use: {{Cmd|# apk add xf86-video-amdgpu}}
# If using xf86-video-amdgpu, install the AMD firmware files if they are not already installed: {{Cmd|# apk add linux-firmware-amdgpu}}
# Do not install linux-firmware-amdgpu if using xf86-video-ati, as it will remove the firmware you actually need.
# Enable [[#Kernel Modesetting (KMS)]]. Specifically, the <code>fbcon</code> module is necessary, or leaving Xorg (via <code>Ctrl+Alt+F1</code> or quitting) will result in a black screen until the machine is power cycled. If you have already launch Xorg and don't want to experience this effect, you can <code>modprobe fbcon</code> while Xorg is running.

== Kernel Modesetting (KMS) ==

To enable [[KMS]] at boot:
# Add the <code>radeon</code> or <code>amdgpu</code> and <code>fbcon</code> modules to {{Path|/etc/modules}}: {{Cmd|$ echo radeon >> /etc/modules $ echo fbcon >> /etc/modules}} or {{Cmd|$ echo amdgpu >> /etc/modules $ echo fbcon >> /etc/modules}}
# Install <code>mkinitfs</code>: {{Cmd|apk add mkinitfs}}
# Enable the <code>kms</code> feature in the <code>mkinitfs</code> configuration by adding it to the <var>features</var> variable, e.g., {{cat|/etc/mkinitfs/mkinitfs.conf|features{{=}}"keymap cryptsetup kms ata base ide scsi usb virtio ext4"}}
# Run <code>mkinitfs</code>.
# Reboot to test the configuration.

== Troubleshooting ==
=== Fixing MESA-LOADER errors===
{{Obsolete|Alpine no longer ships with the ''linux-hardened'' kernel}}

The ''linux-hardened'' kernel package places restrictions on sysfs and will prevent the MESA-LOADER from working as a normal user even if added to the video group.

See https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/issues/7265

Either switch to the ''linux-vanilla'' package or apply the '''grsec_sysfs_restrict=0''' kernel parameter to allow normal users to access hardware acceleration on the desktop.

=== Fixing a frozen X11 when invoking startx ===

You may need to set the AccelMethod to exa not glamor which is the default for the driver.

{{cat|/etc/X11/xorg.conf|
Section "Device"
Option "AccelMethod" "exa"
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "radeon"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection}}

= =
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ATI archlinux.org / ATI]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg archlinux.org / Xorg]

[[Category:Drivers]]

Alpine configuration management scripts

2022-02-25T20:59:16Z

ITwrx: /* Input packages */

Feature descriptions for available Alpine Linux setup scripts ({{Path|/sbin/setup-*}}).

These scripts can be installed by using <code>apk</code> to install the <code>alpine-conf</code> package.

If you don't have an Alpine Linux install, you can find and examine the scripts in their [https://github.com/alpinelinux/alpine-conf git repository].

== setup-alpine ==

This is the main Alpine configuration and installation script.

The script interactively walks the user through executing several auxiliary <code>setup-*</code> scripts, in the order shown below.

The bracketed options represent example configuration choices, formatted as they may be supplied when manually calling the auxiliary setup scripts, or using a <code>setup-alpine</code> "answerfile" (see below).

# <code>setup-keymap</code> [us us]
# [[#setup-hostname|setup-hostname]] [-n alpine-test]
# [[#setup-interfaces|setup-interfaces]] [-i < interfaces-file]
# <code>/etc/init.d/networking --quiet start &</code>
# if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then: <code>[[#setup-dns|setup-dns]]</code> [-d example.com -n "192.168.0.1 [...]"]
# set the root password
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-timezone|setup-timezone]]</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
# enable the new hostname (<code>/etc/init.d/hostname --quiet restart</code>)
# add <code>networking</code> and <code>urandom</code> to the '''boot''' rc level, and <code>acpid</code> and <code>crond</code> to the '''default''' rc level, and start the '''boot''' and '''default''' rc services
# extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}} and <code>hostname</code>, and update {{Path|/etc/hosts}}
# <code>[[#setup-proxy|setup-proxy]]</code> [-q <nowiki>"http://webproxy:8080"</nowiki>], and activate proxy if it was configured
# <code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-r (to select a mirror randomly)]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>[[#setup-sshd|setup-sshd]]</code> [-c openssh | dropbear | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>setup-ntp</code> [-c chrony | openntpd | busybox | none]
# if not in quick mode, then: <code>DEFAULT_DISK=none</code> <code>[[#setup-disk|setup-disk]]</code> <code>-q</code> [-m data /dev/sda] (see [[Installation#Installation_Overview]] about the disk modes)
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-lbu</code> [/media/sdb1]
# if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then: <code>setup-apkcache</code> [/media/sdb1/cache | none]

<code>setup-alpine</code> itself accepts the following command-line switches

{{Define|-h|Shows the up-to-date usage help message.}}

{{Define|-a|Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.}}
;-c <var>answerfile</var>
:Create a new "answerfile", with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke <code>setup-alpine -f <var>answerfile</var></code>.
;-f <var>answerfile</var>
:Use an existing "answerfile", which may override some or all of the interactive prompts.
{{Define|-q|Run in "quick mode".}}

 

== setup-hostname ==

:<code>setup-hostname</code> [-h] [-n hostname]

Options:

'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>

'''-n''' <var>Specify hostname</var>

This script allows quick and easy setup of the system hostname by writing it to {{Path|/etc/hostname}}. The script prevents you from writing an invalid hostname (such as one that used invalid characters or starts with a '-' or is too long).
The script can be invoked manually or is called as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.

 

== setup-interfaces ==
{{Cmd|setup-interfaces [-i < <var>interfaces-file</var>]}}

Note that the contents of <var>interfaces-file</var> has to be supplied as stdin, rather than naming the file as an additional argument. The contents should have the format of {{Path|/etc/network/interfaces}}, such as:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hostname alpine-test

 

== setup-dns ==

:<code>setup-dns</code> [-h] [-d domain name] [-n name server]

Options:

'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>

'''-d''' <var>specify search domain name</var>

'''-n''' <var>name server IP</var>

The setup-dns script is stored in {{Path|/sbin/setup-dns}} and allows quick and simple setup of DNS servers (and a DNS search domain if required). Simply running <code>setup-dns</code> will allow interactive use of the script, or the options can be specified.

The information fed to this script is written to {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}

Example usage (with 192.168.0.1 being the local router/dns-forwarder): {{Cmd|setup-dns -d example.org -n 192.168.0.1}}

Example {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}:

search example.org
nameserver 192.168.0.1

It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script unless interfaces are configured for DHCP.

 

== setup-timezone ==
:<code>setup-timezone</code> [-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]

Can pre-select the timezone using either of these switches:

'''-z''' <var>subfolder of</var> {{Path|/usr/share/zoneinfo}}

'''-p''' <var>POSIX TZ format</var>

 

== setup-proxy ==
:<code>setup-proxy</code> [-hq] [PROXYURL]

Options:

'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>

'''-q''' <var>Quiet mode</var> prevents changes from taking effect until after reboot

This script requests the system proxy to use in the form <code>http://<proxyurl>:<port></code> for example:
<code><nowiki>http://10.0.0.1:8080</nowiki></code>

To set no system proxy use <code>none</code>.
This script exports the following environmental variables:

<code>http_proxy=$proxyurl</code>

<code>https_proxy=$proxyurl</code>

<code>ftp_proxy=$proxyurl</code>

where <code>$proxyurl</code> is the value input.
If <code>none</code> was chosen then the value it is set to a blank value (and so no proxy is used).

 

== setup-apkrepos ==
:<code>setup-apkrepos</code> [-fhr] [REPO...]

Setup <code>apk</code> repositories.

options:

'''-f''' <var>Detect and add fastest mirror</var>

'''-r''' <var>Add a random mirror and do not prompt</var>

'''-1''' <var>Add first mirror on the list (normally a CDN)</var>

This is run as part of the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.

 

== setup-sshd ==

:<code>setup-sshd</code> [-h] [-c choice of SSH daemon]

Options:

'''-h''' <var>Show help</var>

'''-c''' <var>SSH daemon</var> where SSH daemon can be one of the following:

<code>openssh</code> install the {{Pkg|openSSH}} daemon

<code>dropbear</code> install the {{Pkg|dropbear}} daemon

<code>none</code> Do not install an SSH daemon

Example usage: {{Cmd|setup-sshd -c dropbear}}

The setup-sshd script is stored in {{Path|/sbin/setup-sshd}} and allows quick and simple setup of either the OpenSSH or Dropbear SSH daemon & client.
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.

 

== setup-ntp ==

''From [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol Wikipedia]'':

The '''Network Time Protocol (NTP)''' is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.

 

{{Cmd|usage: setup-ntp [-h] [-c choice of NTP daemon]

Setup NTP time synchronization

options:
-h Show this help
-c Choice of NTP daemon: busybox openntpd chrony none}}

<code>setup-ntp</code> script is stored in {{Path|/sbin/setup-ntp}} and allows quick and simple setup of the NTP client,
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the <code>setup-alpine</code> script.

 

== setup-disk ==

:<code>DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q</code> [-m data | sys] [<var>mountpoint directory</var> | /dev/sda ...]

In "sys" mode, it's an installer, it permanently installs Alpine on the disk, in "data" mode, it provides a larger and persistent /var volume.

This script accepts the following command-line switches:

;-k <var>kernel flavor</var>
;-o <var>apkovl file</var>
:Restore system from <var>apkovl file</var>
;-m data | sys
:Don't prompt for installation mode. With '''-m data''', the supplied devices are formatted to use as a {{Path|/var}} volume.
{{Define|-r|Use RAID1 with a single disk (degraded mode)}}
{{Define|-L|Create and use volumes in a LVM group}}
;-s <var>swap size in MB</var>
:Use 0 to disable swap
{{Define|-q|Exit quietly if no disks are found}}
{{Define|-v|Verbose mode}}

The script also honors the following environment variables:

<code>BOOT_SIZE</code>
:Size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.

<code>SWAP_SIZE</code>
:Size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected.

<code>ROOTFS</code>
:Filesystem to use for the / volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 [[Btrfs|btrfs]] xfs.

<code>BOOTFS</code>
:Filesystem to use for the /boot volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 [[Btrfs|btrfs]] xfs.

<code>VARFS</code>
:Filesystem to use for the /var volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if '''-m data''' is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 [[Btrfs|btrfs]] xfs.

<code>SYSROOT</code>
:Mountpoint to use when creating volumes and doing traditional disk install ('''-m sys'''). Defaults to {{Path|/mnt}}.

<code>MBR</code>
:Path of MBR binary code, defaults to {{Path|/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin}}.

<code>BOOTLOADER</code>
:Bootloader to use, defaults to syslinux. Supported bootloaders are: grub syslinux zipl.

<code>DISKLABEL</code>
:Disklabel to use, defaults to dos. Supported disklabels are: dos gpt eckd.



=== Partitioning ===

If you have complex partitioning needs, that go beyond above alpine-disk options, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, and then just supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>. Doing so implicitly behaves as though '''-m sys''' had also been specified.

See [[Setting up disks manually]] for more information.

==== RAID ====
<code>setup-disk</code> will automatically build a RAID array if you supply the '''-r''' switch, or if you specify more than one device. The array will always be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_1 RAID1] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-0.90_Superblock_Format --metadata=0.90]) for the /boot volumes, but will be [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_5 RAID5] (and [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_superblock_formats#The_version-1_Superblock_Format --metadata=1.2] for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied.

If you instead want to build your RAID array manually, see [[Setting up a software RAID array]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.

==== LVM ====
<code>setup-disk</code> will automatically build and use volumes in a LVM group if you supply the '''-L''' switch. The group and volumes created by the script will have the following names:

* volume group: '''vg0'''
* swap volume: '''lv_swap''' (only created when swap size > 0)
* root volume: '''lv_root''' (only created when '''-m sys''' is specified or interactively selected)
* var volume: '''lv_var''' (only created when '''-m data''' is specified or interactively selected)

The '''lv_var''' or '''lv_root''' volumes are created to occupy all remaining space in the volume group.

If you need to change any of these settings, you can use <code>vgrename</code>, <code>lvrename</code>, <code>lvreduce</code> or <code>lvresize</code>.

If you instead want to build your LVM system manually, see [[Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM]]. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to <code>setup-disk</code>.



 

== setup-lbu ==

This script will only be invoked for by <code>setup-alpine</code> when installing <code>data</code> installation types (ramdisk)

It configures where <code>lbu commit</code> will store the .apkovl backup. See [[Alpine local backup]] for more information.

When started, <code>setup-lbu</code> will prompt where to store your data. The options it will prompt for will be taken from the directories found in <code>/media</code> (except for <code>cdrom</code>). [not sure how these are mounted: are they automatically mounted by setup-lbu? Does the user have to manually mount using another tty?]

 

== setup-apkcache ==

This script will only be invoked for by <code>setup-alpine</code> when installing <code>data</code> installation types (ramdisk)

It configures where to save the apk package files. The apkcache is where apk stores downloaded packages, such that the system does not need to download them again on each reboot, and doesn't have to depend on the network. See [[Local APK cache]] for a detailed explanation.

You should be able to use a partition that you set up in the previous steps.

 

== setup-bootable ==
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.

It allows to create boot media that boots the system running from RAM memory (diskless) like the installation images, but using a writable (i.e. not iso9660) filesystem. So that it can also serve to store local customizations (e.g. apkovl files and cached packages).

First, the script copies files from an ISO image (as file on a CD/DVD/USB etc.) onto a USB-Stick/CompactFlash/SDCard etc., or harddisk partition. And then, it installs the syslinux bootloader to make the device bootable.

However, its current syslinux installation seems to fail on non-FAT32 partitions. So in these cases, you may start over with a FAT32 filesystem, or rather with the desired filesystem and using <code>setup-bootable</code> only with the <code>-u</code> option, to skip the syslinux install, and then refer to the [[Create_a_Bootable_Device#Manually_copying_Alpine_files|manual method]] to fix the problem, or use one of the other bootloader options, instead.

{{Tip| The [[Bootloaders]] page shows different ways to setup booting, and multi-boot menus!}}

The setup-bootable script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run <code>setup-bootable -h</code> to see a usage message).

{{Cmd|setup-bootable <var>source</var> [<var>dest</var>]}}

The argument <var>source</var> can be a directory or an ISO (will be mounted to <code>MNT</code> or {{Path|/mnt}}) or a URL (will be downloaded with <code>WGET</code> or <code>wget</code>). The argument <var>dest</var> can be a directory mountpoint, or will default to {{Path|/media/usb}} if not supplied.

{{Define|-k|Keep alpine_dev in {{Path|syslinux.cfg}}; otherwise, replace with UUID.}}
{{Define|-u|Upgrade mode: keep existing {{Path|syslinux.cfg}} and don't run <code>syslinux</code>}}
{{Define|-f|Overwrite {{Path|syslinux.cfg}} even if '''-u''' was specified.}}
{{Define|-s|Force the running of <code>syslinux</code> even if '''-u''' was specified.}}
{{Define|-v|Verbose mode}}

The script will ensure that <var>source</var> and <var>dest</var> are available; will copy the contents of <var>source</var> to <var>dest</var>, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless '''-u''' was specified, will make <var>dest</var> bootable.

Suppose the target device is /dev/sdXY, then this partition can be prepared for booting with
{{Cmd|# setup-bootable -v /media/<installation-media-device> /dev/sdXY
}}

For the manual way to set up boot media see [[Create_a_Bootable_Device#Manually_copying_Alpine_files|Manually_copying_Alpine_files]].

 

== setup-xorg-base ==

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.

It configures a graphical environment, installing basic Xorg packages and udev (replacing mdev), and is also required for Wayland sessions.

The script installs, among other packages, e.g.: <code>xorg-server xf86-input-libinput xinit udev</code>.

Additional packages to install may be supplied as arguments.
{{cmd|setup-xorg-base [additional package(s) to install]}}

==== Video packages (optional) ====

You may install specific xf86 xorg driver packages for your video card's chipset, as they may support specific features, effects and acceleration modes, and avoid error messages during X initialization.

However, the most basic X features should work fine with just using the default kernel video-modesetting drivers.

Info about the particular video cards that are installed in the computer may be found in the list of PCI devices:
{{cmd|# apk add pciutils
$ lspci}}

To see available video driver packages run:
{{cmd|$ apk search xf86-video}}

For example,
* For an Sis video chipset install 'xf86-video-sis'.
{{Cmd|# apk add xf86-video-sis}}

Others:
* For Intel video chipsets install 'xf86-video-intel' and see [[Intel Video]].
{{Tip|In some cases, freezes on suspend/resume stop happening when changing the video port the monitor is connected to.}}
* For AMD Radeon Video see [[Radeon_Video]]
* For Alix1D use xf86-video-geode.
* In KVM/QEMU guests see [[QEMU#Using_Xorg_inside_Qemu|Xorg within KVM/QEMU]]
* In VirtualBox guests use xf86-video-vboxvideo, and install the [[VirtualBox_guest_additions|VirtualBox guest additions]] as well. They contain important parts for the driver.
* In VMware guests use xf86-video-vmware
* In Hyper-V guests use xf86-video-fbdev and install the [[Hyper-V_guest_services|Hyper-V guest services]] as well.

==== Input packages ====

If the Numlock settings are not working, or getting 'setleds not found' errors:

{{cmd|# apk add kbd}}

If some input device is not working at all, the available xf86-input drivers can be listed with:
{{cmd|$ apk search xf86-input}}

You probably at least want {{cmd| xf86-input-libinput}} or {{cmd| xf86-input-evdev}}

libinput is for Wayland with wrapper for Xorg. evdev is Xorg only. 

Typical legacy drivers (not packaged. at least as of 2/2022):

{{cmd|# apk add xf86-input-mouse xf86-input-keyboard}}

And for touchpad tapping support on many laptops, also:

{{Cmd|# apk add xf86-input-synaptics}}

==== Configure xorg-server (optional) ====

On most systems, xorg should be able to autodetect all devices. However you can still configure xorg-server by hand by launching:
{{Cmd|# Xorg -configure}}
This will create a `/root/xorg.conf.new` file. You can modify this file to fit your needs. 
(When finished modifying and testing the above configuration file, move it to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` for normal usage.)

==== Keyboard Layout (optional) ====

If you use a keyboard layout different than "us", and you are using a window manager or desktop environment that does not support to configure the keyboard layout itself, then you need to

* [[Enable_Community_Repository#Using_community_repositories|Enable the "community" repository]]

and install setxkbmap:

{{Cmd|# apk add setxkbmap}}

Then try
# setxkbmap <%a language layout from /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst%>

In order to make it persistent add this section to /etc/X11/xorg.conf:
{{Cmd|Section "InputClass"
Identifier "Keyboard Default"
MatchIsKeyboard "yes"
Option "XkbLayout" "<%a language layout from /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst%>"
EndSection
}}

Another way to change the keymap when logging into X is to use ~/.xinitrc. The following example loads a British keymap, simply add this line to the beginning of the file:
<code>setxkbmap gb &</code>

If you need to create the ~/.xinitrc file, you may also want to add a second line like <code>exec openbox-session</code> to still start the window manager with <code>startx</code> or <code>xinit</code>.

 

== Documentation needed ==

=== setup-xen-dom0 ===

 

=== setup-mta ===
Uses ssmtp.

This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.

 

=== setup-acf ===
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by <code>setup-alpine</code> but must be run manually.

This script was named <code>setup-webconf</code> before Alpine 1.9 beta 4.

See [[:Category:ACF|ACF pages]] for more information.

= See also =
* [[Installation]]
* [[Post installation]]

[[Category:Installation]]

Post installation

2022-02-25T20:22:03Z

ITwrx: /* Groups */

{{Draft|Still might be missing some things but (i think) it is mostly complete}}

{{Note|This [[Post installation|Post Installation]] wiki page has been created, however, its information is better to be kept in their (even already existing!) own and individually manageable ("authoritative") topic pages and only directly referenced (linked) from the list in the [[Installation]] overview page. (Not to be duplicated here and to never get updated again!) If you would like to help with this process please go ahead.}}

== General Notes ==

* When '''#''' is displayed before a command that means the command needs to be run with root privileges,

* Anything in < > is likely just a placeholder that you need to replace (example: <editor> file.txt)

* Some information in here might be a repeat of information in other wiki pages, if you find a section where that is the case please add a link to the original wiki page.

 

== Network setup ==

==== Wi-Fi ====

* [[Wi-Fi]]
* [[NetworkManager]]

==== Ethernet (Wired) ====

{{Expand|Documentation on Ethernet (Wired) internet setup needs to be created/expanded, maybe information from other wiki's/docs might be helpful?}}

* [[Ethernet|Ethernet]]
* [[NetworkManager]]

 

== Creating a new user account ==

After installing Alpine by default you only get a root account. You will probably want to create an account that is not root,

{{cmd|# adduser <YourUsername>}}
{{Note|replace <YourUsername> with the username of your choice}}

 

You will probably want to install '''doas''' so you can allow <YourUsername> to use root privileges
{{cmd|# apk add doas}}

 

If you want your user to be able to use root privileges add them to the Wheel group
{{cmd|# adduser <YourUsername> wheel}}

 

Allow members of the '''Wheel''' group to use root privileges with doas:

{{cmd|# <editor> /etc/doas.d/doas.conf}}

add this to a new line:
{{cmd|permit persist :wheel}}

 

Switch to the new account type '''exit''' in the shell and login with the new user,

 

==== Groups ====

Groups are needed for certain operations on your system (e.g <code>audio</code> to manage your system audio), below is a list of groups,
{{Note|may be incomplete, if you see a group missing please add it along with a description}}

{{Cmd|disk:x:6:root,adm Only if need usage vith virtual machines and access to other partitions over new disks for
lp:x:7:lp If will need to use printing services and printers management
floppy:x:11:root Backguard compatible group, use only if need access to external special devices
audio:x:18: Need for audio listening and management of sound volumes as normal user
cdrom:x:19: For access to disk writers and mounting DVD, BR or CD rom disk as normal user
dialout:x:20:root Need for dial private connections and use of modems as normal users
tape:x:26:root Need this if planning to use special devices for backup. Rarely used on servers
video:x:27:root For usage of cameras, mor thant one GPU special features, as normal user
netdev:x:28: For network connections management as normal user
kvm:x:34:kvm Only if as normal user will manage graphically virtual machines. Rarely used on servers
games:x:35: Need if you want to play games also especially needed to share score between users
cdrw:x:80: To write RW-DVD, RW-BR or RW-CD disk on a disk writing device
apache:x:81: Need if you will perform development as normal user and want to publish locally on web server
usb:x:85: Need to access to special usb devices, deprecated group
users:x:100:games If you plan to used common files for all users, mandatory as desktop usage
input:x:23 Needed if you want your mouse and keyboard to work in a graphical desktop environment (xorg only? idk) }}
 

To add your user to a group use the following command:

{{Cmd|# adduser <YourUsername> <group>}}
{{Note|you need to log out for the group change(s) to take effect}}

 

== Repositories ==

The Alpine software repositories have three branches:

* '''Main''': Main packages are the Alpine software that has direct support and updates from the Alpine core and main team. They also have official special documentation, are always available for all releases and will have substitutions if some are not continued from upstream. Commonly, those packages are selected due to their responsibility and stability with respect to upstream availability. When those in ''testing'' perform well or are mature, they go to the ''main'' branch.
* '''Community''': Community packages are those made by users in concert with the official developers and integrated into the Alpine packages. They are user supported. Support could end if the user ends support with respect to Alpine work. For example, could not include substitution in next release due to lack of support by the upstream author. They are in ''edge'' and when accepted, go to the ''community'' branch.
* '''Edge''': New packages come into testing repositories of the edge Alpine version and are those made by any contributor or man power on Alpine. The edge contains unstable current development content. This branch has no release linked or related to Alpine. They are in ''testing'' and when accepted, go to the ''community'' branch.

 

By default only the '''main''' repository is enabled, most users will probably want to enable the '''community''' repository, to enable a repository remove the '''#''' in front of the url along with any blank space.

 

(Example) Disabled:
{{cat|/etc/apk/repositories|#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community}}

(Example) Enabled:
{{cat|/etc/apk/repositories|http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community}}

 

To edit the repositories open the file in a text editor:
{{cmd|# <editor> /etc/apk/repositories}}

 

Example default configuration:

{{cat|/etc/apk/repositories|#/media/cdrom/apks
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main
# http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing}}

{{Note|The edge repositories contain unstable and/or possibly untested packages use at your own risk!}}

 

To avoid having to manually update the verison in '''/etc/apk/repositories''' for each Alpine Linux update, change '''v3.15''' to '''latest-stable'''

Example:
{{cat|/etc/apk/repositories|#/media/cdrom/apks
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/main
http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/latest-stable/community
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community
#http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing}}

{{Note|Changing the repositories to latest-stable may initiate unexpected release upgrades, do this at your own risk!}}

 

For [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS#Technical security reasons] it may be a good idea to change the url's from '''http''' to '''https'''

Example:
{{cat|/etc/apk/repositories|#/media/cdrom/apks
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community
#https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
#https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community
#https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing}}

{{Note|some Alpine Linux package mirrors may not support https, if that is the case you will need to revert back or change mirrors}}

 

Once you have edited '''/etc/apk/repositories''' sync the repositories with:

{{cmd|# apk update}}

 

== Installing a Display Server (for graphical sessions) ==

==== Xorg ====
Most desktop enviroments (DE) or Windows Managers (WM) require Xorg (also called: X11, X), although in the future many will fully migrate to [[Wayland]] currently Xorg is still widely used,

 

There is two ways you can get Xorg installed,

 

By default Alpine Linux provides a script that will install Xorg, run the following command to install Xorg:
{{cmd|# setup-xorg-base}}

or

{{cmd|# apk add xorg-server xorg-server-common xorg-server-dev xorgproto xorgxrdp xorgxrdp-dev}}
{{Note| the apk add method is probably incomplete}}

 

==== Wayland ====
''See also: [[Wayland]]''

{{Expand|Wayland documentation needs to be expanded}}

 

== Fonts ==

If you plan to use a graphical environment you may need/want to install fonts
{{Note|depending on the desktop environment/window manager fonts may or may not be installed automatically or as dependencies}}

'''See: [[Fonts|Fonts]]'''

 

== Installing a desktop environment or window manager ==

'''See: [[Desktop environments and Window managers]]'''

 

== Sound ==

By default Alpine doesnt come with any Sound managment out of the box, these are your options:

* [[PipeWire]]
* [[PulseAudio]]
* [[ALSA]]

{{Note|If your unsure {{Pkg|pipewire}} is the recommended option}}

 

== Language support ==

{{Expand}}

* Fix unicode defaults: <code>sed -i 's/#unicode="NO"/#unicode="NO"\nunicode="YES"/' /etc/rc.conf</code>
* <code>apk add musl-locales</code> Installs a limited set of locales (languages) for musl (C library) generated console messages.
* Listing defined locales is possible with <code>locale -a</code>
* <code>cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh /etc/profile.d/locale.sh.sh</code> Copies the default locale settings. Then the custom override file can be edited <code>nano /etc/profile.d/locale.sh.sh</code>.
* <code>apk add lang</code> Pulls in the translation packages of all installed packages.
* <code>apk list hunspell*</code> To list available hunspell dictionary packages.
* <code>apk list *-xy *-xy-*</code> To list translation packages for your specific (xy) language (for example, pt for Portuguese).

 

== Miscellaneous ==

Some other miscellaneous things that might be useful:

==== basic tools ====

Alpine is a minimalist Linux distribution. If you expected a behavior like other Linux distributions, the similarity to them will be minimal at best. Run:

{{Cmd|# apk add sed attr dialog bash bash-completion grep util-linux pciutils usbutils binutils findutils readline lsof less nano curl}}

{{Cmd|<nowiki>$ export PAGER=less</nowiki>}}

 

== Troubleshooting ==

==== I don´t have permission to do anything in my user's home directory ====

By default the permissions of your new user(s) home directory may be limited to the root account, run one of these commands to change that:

{{cmd|# chown <YourUserName> /home/<YourUserName> && chmod 700 /home/<YourUsername>}}

or

{{cmd|# chown <YourUserName> /home/<YourUserName> && chmod 750 /home/<YourUsername>}}

 

== See also ==
* [[Installation]]
* [[Alpine newbie]]
* [[Comparison with other distros]]

[[Category:Newbie]]
[[Category:Installation]]