Installation

2019-08-04T13:31:35Z

CorruptedBear:

The following information will assist you with the installation of [http://alpinelinux.org/about Alpine Linux].
[[Image:hdd_mount.png|left|link=]]
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== Installation Quick-Start in 3 Easy Steps ==
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1st
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[http://alpinelinux.org/downloads Download] one of the latest stable-release ISOs. Then compare the image's checksum to the one in the corresponding checksum file (<code>*.sha256</code>) and verify its GPG signature.
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2nd
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If you have a CD drive from which you can boot, then [[Burning ISOs|burn the ISO onto a blank CD]] using your favorite CD burning software. Else [[Create a Bootable USB|create a bootable USB drive]].
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3rd
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Boot from the CD or USB drive, login as root with no password, and voilà! Enjoy Alpine Linux!
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{{Clear}}
One of the [[Installation#Post-Install|first commands you might want to use]] is <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code>.

== Installation Handbook ==
=== Basics ===
Alpine can be used in any of three modes:
<dl>
<dt>diskless mode
<dd>You'll boot from a read-only medium such as the installation CD, a [[Create a Bootable USB|USB drive]], or a [[Create a Bootable Compact Flash|Compact Flash card]]. {{Tip| To prepare either a USB or Compact Flash card, you can use the <code>[[setup-bootable]]</code> script; see the pages linked above for details.}} When you use Alpine in this mode, you need to use [[Alpine local backup|Alpine Local Backup (lbu)]] to save your modifications between reboots. That requires some writable medium, usually removable. If your boot medium is, for example, a USB drive, you can save modifications there; you don't need a separate partition or drive. See also [[Local APK cache]].
{{Note| When the <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script asks for a disk, say "none". It will then prompt whether you'd like to preserve modifications on any writable medium.}}
<dt>data mode
<dd>As in diskless mode, your OS is run from a read-only medium. However, here a writable partition (usually on a hard disk) is used to store the data in {{Path|/var}}. That partition is accessed directly, rather than copied into a tmpfs; so this is better-suited to uses where large amounts of data need to be preserved between reboots. {{Note| The <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script handles installing Alpine in this mode, too, when you supply a writable partition instead of "none", and request mode "data".}} This mode may be used for mailspools, database and log servers, and so on.
<dt>sys mode
<dd>This is a [[Install to disk|traditional hard-disk install]] (see link for details).  Both the boot system and your modifications are written to the hard disk in a standard Linux hierarchy. {{Note| The <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> script handles installing Alpine in this mode, too, when you supply a writable partition instead of "none", and request mode "sys". By default, it will create three partions on your disk for {{Path|/boot}}, {{Path|/}}, and {{Path|swap}}; however you can also [[Setting up disks manually|partition your disk manually]].
}} This mode may be used for [[Desktops|desktops]], development boxes, and virtual servers.

</dl>

=== Advanced ===
* [[Kernels]]
* [[Create UEFI boot USB]]
* [[Tutorials_and_Howtos#Storage|Setting up storage with RAID, LVM, LUKS encryption, iSCSI, or suchlike]]
* [[Setting up disks manually]]
* [[Partitioning and Bootmanagers]]
* [[Migrating data]]
* Details about [[Alpine setup scripts]]

* [[Installing Alpine on HDD dualbooting|Install to HDD with dual-boot]]
* [[Create A VirtualBox Guest with Grub and XFS]]
* [[Replacing non-Alpine Linux with Alpine remotely]]



* [[Bootstrapping Alpine Linux]]


* [[Installing Alpine Linux in a chroot]]
* [[Install Alpine on LXC]]
* [[Install Alpine on LXD|Install Alpine on Ubuntu with LXD]]
* Install Alpine on [[Install Alpine on VirtualBox|VirtualBox]], [[Install Alpine on VMware|VMware]], [[Install Alpine on coLinux|coLinux]], [[Qemu]],  [[Install Alpine on Amazon EC2|Amazon EC2]], or [[Install Alpine on Rackspace|RackSpace]]

* [[Xen Dom0]] ''(Setting up Alpine as a dom0 for Xen hypervisor)''
* [[Xen Dom0 on USB or SD]]
* [[Create Alpine Linux PV DomU]]
* [[Xen LiveCD]]

* [[Setting up a basic vserver]]
* [[Setting up the build environment on HDD]]
* [[Setting up a compile vserver]] for official or for [[Setting up a compile vserver for third party packages|third party]] packages


=== Post-Install ===



* [[Tutorials_and_Howtos#Networking|Setting up Networking]]
* [[Alpine Linux package management|Package Management (apk)]] ''(How to add/remove packages on your Alpine)''

* [[Alpine local backup|Alpine local backup (lbu)]] ''(Permanently store your modifications in case your box needs reboot)''
** [[Back Up a Flash Memory Installation|Back Up a Flash Memory ("diskless mode") Installation]]
** [[Manually editing a existing apkovl]]
* [[Alpine Linux Init System|Init System (OpenRC)]] ''(Configure a service to automatically boot at next reboot)''
** [[Multiple Instances of Services]]

* [[Alpine setup scripts#setup-xorg-base|Setting up Xorg]]

* [[Upgrading Alpine]]


* [[Setting up a ssh-server]] ''(Using ssh is a good way to administer your box remotely)''
* [[setup-acf]] ''(Configures ACF (webconfiguration) so you can manage your box through https)''
* [[Hosting services on Alpine]]''(Links to several mail/web/ssh server setup pages)''
* [[Changing passwords for ACF|Changing passwords]]


* [[Setting the timezone]] ''(Not needed for the default musl- or uClibc-based installs)''

* [[Setting up a new user]]

=== Further Help and Information ===
* [[FAQ|FAQs]]
* [[Tutorials and Howtos]]
* [[Contribute|How to Contribute]]
* [[Developer Documentation]]

[[Category:Installation]]

Setting up a new user

2019-08-04T05:56:25Z

CorruptedBear: Created page with "Creating a user is an important step when first configuring a Linux system. Generally ''root'' account is used for administration only as it has access to the operating system..."

Creating a user is an important step when first configuring a Linux system. Generally ''root'' account is used for administration only as it has access to the operating system and its configuration.

= Overview =

When Alpine Linux is first installed by default it comes with the user ''root'' with no password set. For security reasons it's always a good idea to either set a password to the user ''root'' or disabling the login to the user, which its why is suggested to run <code>[[setup-alpine]]</code> to change ''root'' password.

Creating an account allows it to have it's own $HOME directory and allows you to limit access to the configuration of the operating system for security reasons.

= Creating a new user =

Using the command '''adduser''' will allow you to create a new user in the system.
# adduser --help
Usage: adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP]
Create new user, or add USER to GROUP
-h DIR Home directory
-g GECOS GECOS field
-s SHELL Login shell
-G GRP Group
-S Create a system user
-D Don't assign a password
-H Don't create home directory
-u UID User id
-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)

If no ''OPTIONS'' is set, by default when creating a new user, it will create a home directory in {{Path|/home/<username>}}, with the shell set that uses the ''root'' account (ash by default), user ID and group ID 1000+, and the GECOS field ''Linux User,,,''.

== Example creating a user ==
{{Cmd|adduser test}}

It will prompt to set a password for the new user
# adduser test
Changing password for test
New password:
Retype password:
passwd: password for test changed by root

The new user can be seen in

{{Cat|/etc/passwd|root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash
.
.
.
test:x:1000:1000:Linux User,,,:/home/test:/bin/ash}}

You can now ''exit'' and login to the new account.

= TODO =
Adding user to a group?, Privilege escalation with sudo?

Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Installation

Setting up a new user