Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Sway

2023-06-11T10:09:32Z

Cath: /* Flatpaks */ fix pkgname

[http://swaywm.org Sway] is a tiling [[Wayland]] compositor. It's a drop-in replacement for the i3 window manager.

== Installation ==

eudev:

<pre>
# setup-devd udev
</pre>

Graphics drivers:

* [[Intel Video]]
* [[Radeon Video]]
* [[Nvidia Video]]
Add user to the input and video groups:

<pre>
# adduser $USER input
# adduser $USER video
</pre>

Install some TTF fonts:

<pre>
# apk add font-dejavu
</pre>

seatd daemon:

<pre>
# apk add seatd
# rc-update add seatd
# rc-service seatd start
# adduser $USER seat
</pre>

Install sway:

<pre>
# apk add sway sway-doc
# apk add \ # Install optional dependencies:
xwayland \ # recommended for compatibility reasons
foot \ # default terminal emulator. Modify $term in config for a different one.
bemenu \ # wayland menu
swaylock swaylockd \ # lockscreen tool
swaybg \ # wallpaper daemon
swayidle # idle management (DPMS) daemon
</pre>

Configure [[Wayland#XDG_RUNTIME_DIR|XDG_RUNTIME_DIR]].

== Usage ==

For inter-program communication and functionality such as screensharing, install and enable dbus and PipeWire, see [[PipeWire]] and set <code>SWAYSOCK</code> environmental variable to the value exported by <code>sway</code>. In order to ensure that Pipewire and related services inherit the right environment variables, it is recommended to start these services via a process that is a direct descendant of sway itself.

Launch Sway with a D-Bus server available, use:

<pre>
dbus-run-session -- sway #prepend with exec in your login shell init script
</pre>

== Configuration ==

An example config is provided at <code>/etc/sway/config</code>. Copy it to <code>~/.config/sway/config</code> and read through it to learn the default keybindings.
Sway configuration is mostly backwards-compatible with that of [[I3wm|i3]] and if you are looking for a solution for a specific issue, you may also try checking if it hasn't been provided for i3WM.

For additional information, start at <code>man 5 sway</code> and read the [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki upstream wiki].

=== Firefox screensharing ===

For some programs, additional configuration is needed to launch them natively under Wayland and to support special features such as screen sharing.

To launch Firefox natively under Wayland and to enable support for screensharing, you need:

* Install and configure [[PipeWire]]
* Install xdg-desktop-portal and xdg-desktop-portal-wlr package
* Install wofi for screen selection
* Launch pipewire on sway startup:
<pre>
exec /usr/libexec/pipewire-launcher
</pre>
* xdg-desktop-portal will start xdg-desktop-portal-wlr when needed, but needs a few environment variables. Unless <code>dbus-daemon</code> is a descendant of the <code>sway</code> process, add to the sway config:
<pre>
exec dbus-update-activation-environment WAYLAND_DISPLAY XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
</pre>
* Export the following variables:

<pre>
export MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND="1"
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=sway
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM="wayland-egl"
</pre>

=== Flatpaks ===

Due to their sandboxing, flatpaks require the use of a portal frontend (xdg-desktop-portal) and backends (such as xdg-desktop-portal-wlr, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk, xdg-desktop-portal-gnome) that implement the methods. When in doubt, install multiple backends. For more information on backends, see [https://github.com/flatpak/xdg-desktop-portal/#using-portals flatpak's page on the subject]. In addition to the steps under the "Firefox Screensharing" section, it may also be necessary to launch additional backends in your Sway config file. Otherwise, you may run into GDBus errors as your flatpak fails to interface with the portal. This can cause issues such as with opening your file directories from a flatpak application.

After installing different backends, you might need to add the relevant backends to your sway config file similarly to in the "Firefox Screensharing" section above. For example, an autostart section of your sway config file may include:
<pre>
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
exec /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome
</pre>

This is only needed if they are not started automatically via other means.

=== Scaling for high resolution screens ===

Without further configuration, program interfaces might be too small to use on high resolution screens.

==== Via sway ====

Sway supports the per-display configuration of

* fractional (e.g., 1.5x), and
* integer scaling (e.g., 2x)

However, fractional scaling is discouraged due to both the performance impact and the blurry output it produces. In this case, where 1x scaling is too small and 2x scaling is too large, program-specific GTK/QT based scaling is recommended. See below.

To enable Sway scaling, the user can first preview different scaling factors with <code>wdisplays</code> package. Note the output name (eDP-1, LVDS-1) and try apply scaling factors such as 1 and 2. To make changes permanent, add

<pre>
output <name> scale <factor>
</pre>

to ~/.config/sway/config.

==== Via GTK/Qt ====

<pre>
# for GTK-based programs such as firefox and emacs:
export GDK_DPI_SCALE=2

# for QT-based programs
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI="physical"
# or if still too small, use a custom DPI
export QT_WAYLAND_FORCE_DPI=192 # 2x scaling
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM="wayland-egl"
</pre>

=== Make clipboard content persistent ===
By default the clipboard content does not persist after terminating the program: you copy some text from Firefox and then exit Firefox, the copied text is also lost.

Install clipman from test repo and add the following to sway config:

<pre>
exec wl-paste --type text/plain --watch clipman store --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"
bindsym $mod+h exec clipman pick --tool wofi --histpath="~/.local/state/clipman-primary.json"
</pre>

=== Firefox picture-in-picture mode/floating windows ===
Add this to your sway config file (modify the numeric values to suit your needs and your display):
<pre>
for_window [app_id="firefox" title="^Picture-in-Picture$"] floating enable, move position 877 450, sticky enable, border none
</pre>

=== Screenshots ===
A simple tool that works well under Wayland is Grimshot. Example keybindings:
<pre>
bindsym Print exec grimshot copy area
bindsym Shift+Print exec grimshot copy screen
bindsym Control+Print exec grimshot save area ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
bindsym Control+Shift+Print exec grimshot save screen ~/Pictures/$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M-%S).png
</pre>

See [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Useful-add-ons-for-sway the sway wiki's article] for a list of screenshot tools.

=== Start with NumLock enabled ===
Add this to your sway config file:
<code>input type:keyboard xkb_numlock enabled</code>

=== Change cursor theme and size ===
Add to your sway config:
<pre>
seat seat0 xcursor_theme my_cursor_theme my_cursor_size
</pre>
You can inspect their values with <code>echo $XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>echo $XCURSOR_THEME</code>. If reloading your config does not result in change, try logging out and in.
{{Note|Wayland uses client-side cursors. It is possible that applications do not evaluate the values of <code>$XCURSOR_SIZE</code> and <code>$XCURSOR_THEME</code>.}}

=== Start as a service ===
Although this is not necessary, you may write an init script like the following:

{{Cat|/etc/init.d/sway|#!/sbin/openrc-run

description{{=}}"Sway Compositor"

command{{=}}"/usr/bin/sway"
command_args{{=}}""

pidfile{{=}}"/run/sway.pid"

start_stop_daemon_args{{=}}"--background --pidfile ${pidfile}"

depend() {
need localmount
after elogind
use seatd dbus
}
}}

Then run

{{Cmd|# chmod +x /etc/init.d/seat}}

and

{{Cmd|# rc-update add sway default}}

Make sure you have {{Pkg|elogind}} installed or specify another service, like your display/login manager after which the sway service will run.

=== Custom keyboard layout ===

Since wayland does not support setxkbmap, you will also need to add similar content to your ''/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml'', after <code></modelList></code> and after <code><layoutList></code>:
<pre>
<layout>
<configItem>
<name>[the name of your layout, same as the name of the file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols]</name>
<shortDescription>[usually just two letters]</shortDescription>
<description>[description of your layout]</description>
<countryList>
<iso3166Id>US</iso3166Id>
<iso3166Id>NO</iso3166Id>
</countryList>
<languageList>
<iso639Id>eng</iso639Id>
</languageList>
</configItem>
</layout>

</pre>
Then, to enable for all keyboards, navigate to the input section of ''~/.config/sway/config'' and modify it to
<pre>
input * {
xkb_layout "my_layout"
}
</pre>
If you have enabled <code>xkb_numlock</code>, include this setting inside those braces as well.

== Troubleshooting ==

If you encounter any issues, try running <code>sway -Vc /etc/sway/config</code>. It will run sway with the default config file and set the output to be more verbose. It is generally a good idea to track your config files with git (when and if at all you use a remote repository for them, keep it private for security reasons).

=== Firefox (Flatpak) and/or GTK apps ===
==== Disappearing cursor ====
You may need to get an icon pack and possibly a theme from [https://www.pling.com/browse?cat=107&ord=latest Pling store] and set <code>GTK_THEME</code> environmental variable. Alternatively you can install a theme for all users (search [https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/ Alpine Linux Packages] for ''*-icon-theme'') using <code>apk add</code>.

==== Missing file picker/cannot download ====

Go to ''about:config'' and set <code>widget.use-xdg-desktop-portal.file-picker</code> to 0.

=== Failing to start under certain graphics cards/multiple wlroots stacked windows spawning upon start ===
As of Dec 31 2022, [https://developer.nvidia.com/docs/drive/drive-os/latest/linux/sdk/common/topics/window_system_stub/Gnome-WaylandDesktopShellSupport136.html Nvidia still doesn't fully support Wayland]. Therefore, the possible solutions are as outlined in the link, or setting your WLR_BACKENDS environmental variables to <code>drm,libinput</code> or <code>x11</code> (add libinput here as well if you cannot use your mouse and keyboard after starting Sway). The latter also works for AMD/ATI cards ('''make sure to install libinput first''').

=== Sway socket not detected ===

See [[Sway#Installation|Installation]] for instructions on how to set this environmental variable. This issue may occur with terminal multiplexers, such as [[Tmux terminal multiplexer|tmux]]

=== Steam games launched via Proton crash before creating a window ===

Instead of just using the in-Steam menu to install and select a Proton version, try installing the flatpak community build for Proton onto your system. There are several versions, depending on your desired stability, and the experimental version available in Flathub is called "com.valvesoftware.Steam.CompatibilityTool.Proton-Exp". After you install your chosen version, go into Steam to specify compatibility tool for a game as usual. The installed community build will now be an option. Select that and try launching the game again.

[[Category:Desktop]]
[[Category:Window Managers]]

Fonts

2023-05-22T10:04:19Z

Cath: /* Beginning */ fix casing

'''Fonts''' on Alpine Linux covers a wide range of various languages. If you can't see your language, you need to install the font that has glyphs (little picture) created for it. The square box called a substitute character or "tofu" that acts as a placeholder for missing a glyph usually with a two byte sequence. Tofu is a prepared food that is a traditional part of East Asian and Southeast Asian meals. It is often served in a white rectangular appearance.

 

{{Note|The system font directory is located at '''/usr/share/fonts''' which is reserved for the Alpine package creators and the package system. The user font location is located in '''~/.fonts''' which is the preferred install font location especially from unknown sources. Fonts have been used as a source of security exploits [https://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-4535/product_id-7835/Freetype-Freetype.html (See CVEs)] so to reduce the spread of attack install fonts inside '''~/.fonts'''. The trusted system fonts that Alpine Linux packages typically are from well known sources like corporations like Google, Adobe, open organizations like Xorg or well known font designers or projects licensed as either [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_Open_Font_License SIL], GPL, etc.}}

 

== Installation ==

Default internal fb fonts (tty console) or xorg fonts (desktops) are suitable for a default installation. {{Pkg|font-misc-misc}} is installed with Xorg, so fonts for most languages (Japanese, Korean, Latin, Cyrillic) are already covered. Exceptions are Arabic, Persian, Thai, Tamil, etc. according to the Wikipedia Page on languages for article translation.

 

These selections will cover most languages and are a good fit for most setups:

<pre>
<nowiki>
apk add font-terminus font-inconsolata font-dejavu font-noto font-noto-cjk font-awesome font-noto-extra
</nowiki>
</pre>

 

These selections add special support for '''cyrillic languages like Russian and Serbian, etc.''':

<pre>
<nowiki>
apk add font-vollkorn font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic
</nowiki>
</pre>

 

These selections cover special '''Asiatic languages like Japanese, etc.''':

<pre>
<nowiki>
apk add font-terminus font-noto font-noto-thai font-noto-tibetan font-ipa font-sony-misc font-daewoo-misc font-jis-misc
</nowiki>
</pre>

 

The following will add some '''partially supported Chinese fonts''':

<pre>
<nowiki>
apk add font-isas-misc
</nowiki>
</pre>

 

These selection will cover, in general '''Arabic, Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana languages support''' for desktop setups:

<pre>
<nowiki>
apk add font-terminus font-bitstream-* font-noto font-noto-extra font-arabic-misc

apk add font-misc-cyrillic font-mutt-misc font-screen-cyrillic font-winitzki-cyrillic font-cronyx-cyrillic

apk add font-noto-arabic font-noto-armenian font-noto-cherokee font-noto-devanagari font-noto-ethiopic font-noto-georgian

apk add font-noto-hebrew font-noto-lao font-noto-malayalam font-noto-tamil font-noto-thaana font-noto-thai

</nowiki>
</pre>

 

== Configuration ==

<code>fc-cache -fv</code> can be used to display the font locations and to update the cache.

 

Some applications do not specify a specific font to use but rather say sans-serif [sans means without as in without tiny lines], serif, monospace [as in proportional square font]. This is where Fontconfig comes into place by substituting the general font type with a specific font that you like. For package developers, '''/etc/fonts/conf.avail''' contains a fontconfig configuration file. This will be symlinked into '''/etc/fonts/conf.d'''. See '''/etc/fonts/conf.d/README''' for details about the meaning behind the priority numbers.

For regular users, you want to create/edit your personal '''~/.fonts.conf'''. This is in XML and describes which preferred font to use for these general types. See [https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html this] for details.

 

Per-user Configuration is made in <code><nowiki>~/.fonts.conf</nowiki></code>but it's hard to configure. An easier method is to use the
<code><nowiki>~/.Xresources</nowiki></code> file.

The following will set up for all users, a minimal resource usage for fonts. No antialiasing. No hint, etc:

<pre>
<nowiki>
cat > /home/*/.Xresources << EOF
Xft.antialias: 0
Xft.rgba: rgb
Xft.autohint: 0
Xft.hinting: 1
Xft.hintstyle: hintslight
EOF
</nowiki>
</pre>

 

== List of fonts in Alpine Linux ==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia_(typeface) Utopia] - font-adobe-utopia-*
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noto_fonts Noto] - font-noto-* -- These fonts can cover different glyphs for your language. If you go to https://fonts.google.com/noto , you can try to search for your language to see if it is supported. If Alpine doesn't have it, you can download it from Google into your {{path|~/.font}} . As hinted in the introduction, noto comes from '''no to'''fu or gradual elimination of these substitute characters off the web.
font-noto
font-noto-adlam
font-noto-adlamunjoined
font-noto-arabic
font-noto-armenian
font-noto-avestan
font-noto-bamum
font-noto-bengali
font-noto-buhid
font-noto-carian
font-noto-chakma
font-noto-cherokee
font-noto-cypriot
font-noto-deseret
font-noto-devanagari (Hindi / Sanskrit)
font-noto-emoji
font-noto-ethiopic
font-noto-extra
font-noto-georgian
font-noto-glagolitic
font-noto-gothic
font-noto-gujarati
font-noto-gurmukhi
font-noto-hebrew
font-noto-kannada
font-noto-kayahli
font-noto-khmer
font-noto-lao
font-noto-lisu
font-noto-malayalam
font-noto-mandaic
font-noto-myanmar
font-noto-nko
font-noto-olchiki
font-noto-oldturkic
font-noto-oriya
font-noto-osage
font-noto-osmanya
font-noto-shavian
font-noto-sinhala
font-noto-tamil
font-noto-telugu
font-noto-thaana
font-noto-thai
font-noto-tibetan
font-noto-tifinagh
font-noto-vai
* [http://terminus-font.sourceforge.net/ Terminus] - font-terminus -- Monospace font
* [https://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/systems/win32/bakoma/fonts/fonts.html BaKoMa] font-bakoma-* -- Fonts for TeX typesetting system (for academics in the math and sciences and book writers) and TeX (WYSIWYG) editors
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Speedo_Fonts Bitstream Speedo] - font-bitstream-speedo
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bitstream Vera] font-bitstream-*
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream_Vera Bera (Bitstream Vera Type 1)] - font-bitstream-type1 -- Use for LaTeX
* [https://fontawesome.com/ Font Awesome] - font-awesome -- It was used in Twitter Bootstrap. It is a font representing things and brands as Icons.
* [https://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/ GNU FreeFont] - font-freefont -- See link for support for different writing systems/languages
* [https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/unifont/ GNU Unifont] - unifont -- It contains glyphs of every codepoint
* font-misc-cyrillic -- Cyrillic fonts (Russian/Slavic Style)
* font-screen-cyrillic -- X.org public domain Cyrillic fonts for screen use
* font-misc-ethiopic -- Ethiopic fonts used in Ethiopia and Eritrea
* font-misc-meltho -- For the Syriac language
* font-misc-misc -- Bitmap fonts in PCF format (shows glyphs of many types and installed by default by xorg-server package)
* [https://www.rockbox.org/mail/archive/rockbox-dev-archive-2005-12/0029.shtml ClearlyU fonts] - font-mutt-misc -- Thai, Ethiopic, Hebrew, Romanian, Persian, Korean Hangul, Greek, Persian, Russian/Slavic Cyrillic, Macedonian/Serbian, Armenian, Georgian, Lao, Devanagari, Urdu (Hindustani as in Northern India and Pakistan), Cherokee, Thaana. See link to changelog for full list of languages supported.
* [https://github.com/lucy/tewi-font tewi font] font-tewi - A tiny bitmap font that contains braille glyphs
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpass_(typeface) Overpass] - font-overpass
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxi_fonts Luxi fonts] - font-bh-* -- designed by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow which bh is refers to the last name
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucida#Lucida_Typewriter_Serif Lucida Typewriter] - font-bh-lucidatypewriter-*
* [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/IPAfont IPA Font] - font-ipa -- A Japanese font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croscore_fonts Chrome OS core fonts] - font-croscore
* [http://vollkorn-typeface.com/ Vollkorn] - font-vollkorn - A serif font with glyphs for Cyrillic (Russian/Slavic), Greek, Polish, Dutch, Bulgarian, Serbian, and small capitals
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sans Open Sans] - font-opensans
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantarell_(typeface) Cantarell] - font-cantarell -- Designed for reading and the default GNOME font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DejaVu_fonts DejaVu] - font-dejavu -- A modified Bitstream Vera with more styles and unicode coverage
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Libertine Linux Libertine] - font-linux-libertine -- A free alternative to Times New Roman
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_fonts Liberation] font-liberation -- A free alternative to Helvetica and Arial
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inconsolata Inconsolata] - font-inconsolata -- A monospace font designed for terminals and reading source code
* [https://madmalik.github.io/mononoki/ mononoki] - font-mononoki -- A font for programming and code review
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droid_fonts Droid] - font-droid / font-droid-nonlatin -- Designed for small screens and was used in older Android
* font-schumacher-misc -- Fixed width fonts by Dale Schumacher
* font-sony-misc -- Japanese Kana fonts by Sony Electronics
* font-daewoo-misc -- JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Kanji and Korean Hangul fonts by Daewoo Electronics
* font-cursor-misc -- A standard cursor font
* font-sun-misc -- Cursor and glyph fonts by Sun Microsystems
* font-winitzki-cyrillic -- A Cyrillic (Russian) font by Serge Winitzki designed for proofreading mixed Russian-English text
* font-isas-misc -- Chinese Song Ti style fonts (thinner horizontal lines compared to vertical)
* font-jis-misc -- A Japanese International Standard font
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier_(typeface)#IBM_Courier IBM Courier] font-ibm-type1
* font-dec-misc -- A Digital Equipment Corporation cursor and session fonts
* font-cronyx-cyrillic -- A Russian font for X11 by Cronyx
* font-arabic-misc -- A bitmap and proportional Arabic font in newspaper style [https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/Archives-Old/UML010/0237.html ]

==Non-free fonts==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_fonts_for_the_Web Core fonts for the Web] ({{Pkg|msttcorefonts-installer}}) - For installing non-free proprietary Microsoft fonts like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_Sans Comic Sans]. Not recommended for commercial or open source projects. See their [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208063245/http://www.microsoft.com/typography/fontpack/eula.htm licensing].
Arial
Arial Black
Andalé Mono
Courier New
Comic Sans MS
Georgia
Impact
Times New Roman
Trebuchet MS
Verdana
Webdings

== Changing the console font ==

The default font may be too small on high-resolution monitors, e.g. 4K ones. To change the default font, e.g. to the 32px ISO Latin-1 Terminus font:

# <code>apk add terminus-font</code>
# try out fonts in a virtual console using <code>setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/ter-132n.psf.gz</code>
# edit <code>/etc/conf.d/consolefont</code>, set it to the font you choose, e.g. <code>consolefont="ter-132n.psf.gz"</code>
# enable this using <code>rc-update add consolefont boot</code>

== See Also ==

* [[Emojis]]

[[Category:Infographics]]