Alpine Linux - User contributions [en]

Setting up unbound DNS server

2022-11-26T02:44:22Z

Agowa338: /* root-hints */ busybox wget does not support "-N" therefore removing that parameter.

[http://unbound.net/ Unbound] is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver that supports DNSSEC.

= Install =

Install the {{Pkg|unbound}} package:
{{Cmd|apk add unbound}}

= Configure =

The following configuration is an example of a caching name server (in a production server, it's recommended to adjust the access-control parameter to limit access to your network). The forward-zone(s) section will forward all DNS queries to the specified servers. Don't forget to change the 'interface' parameter to that of your local interface IP address (or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all local IPv4 interfaces). The following is a minimal example with many options commented out.

{{Path|/etc/unbound/unbound.conf}}
<pre>
server:
verbosity: 1
## Specify the interface address to listen on:
interface: 10.0.0.1
## To listen on all interfaces use:
# interface: 0.0.0.0
do-ip4: yes
do-ip6: yes
do-udp: yes
do-tcp: yes
do-daemonize: yes
access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 allow
## Other access control examples
#access-control: 192.168.1.0/24 action
## 'action' should be replaced by any one of:
#deny (drop message)
#refuse (sends a DNS rcode REFUSED error message back)
#allow (recursive ok)
#allow_snoop (recursive and nonrecursive ok).
## Minimum lifetime of cache entries in seconds. Default is 0.
#cache-min-ttl: 60
## Maximum lifetime of cached entries. Default is 86400 seconds (1 day).
#cache-max-ttl: 172800
## enable to prevent answering id.server and hostname.bind queries.
hide-identity: yes
## enable to prevent answering version.server and version.bind queries.
hide-version: yes
## default is to use syslog, which will log to /var/log/messages.
use-syslog: yes
## to log elsewhere, set 'use-syslog' to 'no' and set the log file location below:
#logfile: /var/log/unbound
python:
remote-control:
control-enable: no
## Stub zones are like forward-zones (see below) but must contain only the authority server (no recursive servers)
#stub-zone:
# name: "my.test.com"
# stub-addr: 172.16.1.1
# stub-addr: 172.16.1.2
## Note: for forward-zones, the destination servers must be able to handle recursion to other DNS servers
## Forward all *.example.com queries to the server at 192.168.1.1
#forward-zone:
# name: "example.com"
# forward-addr: 192.168.1.1
## Forward all other queries to the Verizon DNS servers
forward-zone:
name: "."
## Level3 Verizon
forward-addr: 4.2.2.1
forward-addr: 4.2.2.4
</pre>

== root-hints ==
Instead of forwarding queries to a public DNS server, you may prefer to query the root DNS servers. To do this, comment out the forwarding entries ("forward-zone" sections) in the config. Then, grab the latest root hints file using wget:
{{Cmd|wget -S https://www.internic.net/domain/named.cache -O /etc/unbound/root.hints}}
And finally point unbound to the root hints file by adding the following line to the server section of the unbound config file:
<pre>
root-hints: "/etc/unbound/root.hints"
</pre>
Restart unbound to ensure the changes take effect. You may wish to setup a [[FAQ#My cron jobs don.27t run.3F|cron job]] to update the root hints file occasionally.

== 0x20 bit ==
Use of the [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-vixie-dnsext-dns0x20-00.html 0x20 bit] is considered experimental. It makes use of an otherwise unused bit in a DNS packet to ask an authoritative server to respond with an answer mimicking the case used in the query.

For example, when using this feature a query for www.google.com could appear in the request as www.google.com or Www.GoogLe.coM or WWW.GoOGlE.cOm or any other conbination of upper and lower case. The authoritative server should respond with the same case. This helps prevent DNS spoofing attacks.

In some cases a very small number of old or misconfigured servers may return an error (less than 1% of servers will respond incorrectly). To turn on this feature, simply add the following line to the 'server' section of {{Path|/etc/unbound/unbound.conf}} and restart the server:
<pre>
use-caps-for-id: yes
</pre>

= Set auto-start, start and test the daemon =

Check the configuration for errors:
{{Cmd|unbound-checkconf}}
if no errors are reported, set to auto-start then start unbound:
{{Cmd|rc-update add unbound
rc-service unbound start}}
Test. For example:
{{Cmd|dig nl.alpinelinux.org @10.0.0.1}}
or:
{{Cmd|nslookup www.google.cz 10.0.0.1}}
or use {{Pkg|drill}}:
{{Cmd|drill www.bbc.co.uk @10.0.0.1}}

= Additional information =
unbound.conf man page [http://linux.die.net/man/5/unbound.conf here] or [http://unbound.net/documentation/unbound.conf.html here]

[http://unbound.net/documentation/howto_optimise.html unbound optimization guide]

[https://calomel.org/unbound_dns.html excellent unbound tutorial at calomel.org]

General information via the Wikipedia pages on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System DNS], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types record types], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dns_zone zones], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server name servers] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnssec DNSsec]

[[Category:Networking]]

Alpine Linux:Contribute

2022-08-12T12:04:14Z

Agowa338: /* Contribute quality */ update "suggest new to point directly to gitlab issue tracker instead of double redirect through wiki and bugs.alpinelinux.org

[[Image:kuser.png|left|link=]]
__NOTOC__
There are many ways that ''you'' can contribute. Whether you are a normal user, a geek, or a hardcore developer, the one and most important thing you can do is to actually '''use''' Alpine Linux.

The list below explains some of the ways that you can contribute.

= Contribute quality =
* Submit '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports]'''. New issues can also be created by emailing alpine (at) bugs (dot) alpinelinux (dot) org.
* Suggest new '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine features/ideas]''' (Previously: '''[[Project:Ideas|features/ideas]]''' and '''[[FAQ#Can_you_build_an_apk_package_for_....3F|packages]]''')
* Submit new '''[[Creating_an_Alpine_package|packages]]''' that you've created, or '''[[Development using git|patches]]''' to existing packages. For more information about developing on Alpine Linux, read our [[Developer Documentation]].
* Submit '''[[Special:NewFiles|artwork]]''' (icons, backgrounds, logos)
* Correct '''spelling and grammar''' mistakes in the documentation
* Help '''[[Project:Wiki_maintenance|maintain]]''' the wiki

= Contribute documentation =
* Help write good '''[[Tutorials_and_Howtos|documentation]]'''
* '''Translate''' the documentation (and program texts) into another language
* '''Proofread''' existing documentation, follow the examples, and make corrections
* Create diagrams, '''screenshots''', and graphics for the documentation
* Develop style, formatting, spelling, and grammar conventions for documenters
* Expand the '''[[Glossary]]''' of technical terms (so non-geeks can understand)
* Convert documentation into more formats

= Contribute support =
* '''Answer questions''' on the wiki, [[mailing lists]], [[IRC]] channels and [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alpine StackOverflow]
* Contribute to (or start) an online support group
* Post a tutorial or other to https://asciinema.org
* Write '''HOWTOs''' and post them in the [[Tutorials and Howtos]] or your own blog

= Contribute projects =
* [[Wishlist]]

= Contribute publicity =
{{Tip|As Alpine Linux gets more popular, there will be more people wanting to contribute.}}
* '''[[Project:Listings|Link to]]''' the Alpine Linux web site
* Write '''reviews'''
* Convince people to choose Open Source products when possible
* Write about new ways of using an Open Source application

= Contribute appreciation =
* Be '''polite''' when reporting bugs or asking for new features; after all, the developers have no obligation to do it
* '''Express''' your appreciation to developers (through [[Mailing_lists|e-mail]], [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports], and [[Alpine Linux:IRC|IRC]])
* Send the programmers post cards
* Give the project or [[Alpine_Linux:Developers|a developer a donation/gift]] (some have wish lists for this)
* Contribute to [https://www.patreon.com/musl musl libc development].

Alpine Linux:Contribute

2022-08-12T12:03:40Z

Agowa338: /* Contribute quality */ update "suggest new to point directly to gitlab issue tracker instead of double redirect through wiki and bugs.alpinelinux.org

[[Image:kuser.png|left|link=]]
__NOTOC__
There are many ways that ''you'' can contribute. Whether you are a normal user, a geek, or a hardcore developer, the one and most important thing you can do is to actually '''use''' Alpine Linux.

The list below explains some of the ways that you can contribute.

= Contribute quality =
* Submit '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports]'''. New issues can also be created by emailing alpine (at) bugs (dot) alpinelinux (dot) org.
* Suggest new '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine Project:Idea]''' (Previously: '''[[Project:Ideas|features/ideas]]''' and '''[[FAQ#Can_you_build_an_apk_package_for_....3F|packages]]''')
* Submit new '''[[Creating_an_Alpine_package|packages]]''' that you've created, or '''[[Development using git|patches]]''' to existing packages. For more information about developing on Alpine Linux, read our [[Developer Documentation]].
* Submit '''[[Special:NewFiles|artwork]]''' (icons, backgrounds, logos)
* Correct '''spelling and grammar''' mistakes in the documentation
* Help '''[[Project:Wiki_maintenance|maintain]]''' the wiki

= Contribute documentation =
* Help write good '''[[Tutorials_and_Howtos|documentation]]'''
* '''Translate''' the documentation (and program texts) into another language
* '''Proofread''' existing documentation, follow the examples, and make corrections
* Create diagrams, '''screenshots''', and graphics for the documentation
* Develop style, formatting, spelling, and grammar conventions for documenters
* Expand the '''[[Glossary]]''' of technical terms (so non-geeks can understand)
* Convert documentation into more formats

= Contribute support =
* '''Answer questions''' on the wiki, [[mailing lists]], [[IRC]] channels and [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alpine StackOverflow]
* Contribute to (or start) an online support group
* Post a tutorial or other to https://asciinema.org
* Write '''HOWTOs''' and post them in the [[Tutorials and Howtos]] or your own blog

= Contribute projects =
* [[Wishlist]]

= Contribute publicity =
{{Tip|As Alpine Linux gets more popular, there will be more people wanting to contribute.}}
* '''[[Project:Listings|Link to]]''' the Alpine Linux web site
* Write '''reviews'''
* Convince people to choose Open Source products when possible
* Write about new ways of using an Open Source application

= Contribute appreciation =
* Be '''polite''' when reporting bugs or asking for new features; after all, the developers have no obligation to do it
* '''Express''' your appreciation to developers (through [[Mailing_lists|e-mail]], [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports], and [[Alpine Linux:IRC|IRC]])
* Send the programmers post cards
* Give the project or [[Alpine_Linux:Developers|a developer a donation/gift]] (some have wish lists for this)
* Contribute to [https://www.patreon.com/musl musl libc development].

Alpine Linux:Contribute

2022-08-12T12:03:28Z

Agowa338: /* Contribute quality */ update "suggest new to point directly to gitlab issue tracker instead of double redirect through wiki and bugs.alpinelinux.org

[[Image:kuser.png|left|link=]]
__NOTOC__
There are many ways that ''you'' can contribute. Whether you are a normal user, a geek, or a hardcore developer, the one and most important thing you can do is to actually '''use''' Alpine Linux.

The list below explains some of the ways that you can contribute.

= Contribute quality =
* Submit '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports]'''. New issues can also be created by emailing alpine (at) bugs (dot) alpinelinux (dot) org.
* Suggest new '''[[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine Project:Idea]]''' (Previously: '''[[Project:Ideas|features/ideas]]''' and '''[[FAQ#Can_you_build_an_apk_package_for_....3F|packages]]''')
* Submit new '''[[Creating_an_Alpine_package|packages]]''' that you've created, or '''[[Development using git|patches]]''' to existing packages. For more information about developing on Alpine Linux, read our [[Developer Documentation]].
* Submit '''[[Special:NewFiles|artwork]]''' (icons, backgrounds, logos)
* Correct '''spelling and grammar''' mistakes in the documentation
* Help '''[[Project:Wiki_maintenance|maintain]]''' the wiki

= Contribute documentation =
* Help write good '''[[Tutorials_and_Howtos|documentation]]'''
* '''Translate''' the documentation (and program texts) into another language
* '''Proofread''' existing documentation, follow the examples, and make corrections
* Create diagrams, '''screenshots''', and graphics for the documentation
* Develop style, formatting, spelling, and grammar conventions for documenters
* Expand the '''[[Glossary]]''' of technical terms (so non-geeks can understand)
* Convert documentation into more formats

= Contribute support =
* '''Answer questions''' on the wiki, [[mailing lists]], [[IRC]] channels and [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alpine StackOverflow]
* Contribute to (or start) an online support group
* Post a tutorial or other to https://asciinema.org
* Write '''HOWTOs''' and post them in the [[Tutorials and Howtos]] or your own blog

= Contribute projects =
* [[Wishlist]]

= Contribute publicity =
{{Tip|As Alpine Linux gets more popular, there will be more people wanting to contribute.}}
* '''[[Project:Listings|Link to]]''' the Alpine Linux web site
* Write '''reviews'''
* Convince people to choose Open Source products when possible
* Write about new ways of using an Open Source application

= Contribute appreciation =
* Be '''polite''' when reporting bugs or asking for new features; after all, the developers have no obligation to do it
* '''Express''' your appreciation to developers (through [[Mailing_lists|e-mail]], [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports], and [[Alpine Linux:IRC|IRC]])
* Send the programmers post cards
* Give the project or [[Alpine_Linux:Developers|a developer a donation/gift]] (some have wish lists for this)
* Contribute to [https://www.patreon.com/musl musl libc development].

Alpine Linux:Contribute

2022-08-12T12:03:03Z

Agowa338: /* Contribute quality */ update "suggest new to point directly to gitlab issue tracker instead of double redirect through wiki and bugs.alpinelinux.org

[[Image:kuser.png|left|link=]]
__NOTOC__
There are many ways that ''you'' can contribute. Whether you are a normal user, a geek, or a hardcore developer, the one and most important thing you can do is to actually '''use''' Alpine Linux.

The list below explains some of the ways that you can contribute.

= Contribute quality =
* Submit '''[https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports]'''. New issues can also be created by emailing alpine (at) bugs (dot) alpinelinux (dot) org.
* Suggest new '''[[Project:Idea|https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine]]''' (Previously: '''[[Project:Ideas|features/ideas]]''' and '''[[FAQ#Can_you_build_an_apk_package_for_....3F|packages]]''')
* Submit new '''[[Creating_an_Alpine_package|packages]]''' that you've created, or '''[[Development using git|patches]]''' to existing packages. For more information about developing on Alpine Linux, read our [[Developer Documentation]].
* Submit '''[[Special:NewFiles|artwork]]''' (icons, backgrounds, logos)
* Correct '''spelling and grammar''' mistakes in the documentation
* Help '''[[Project:Wiki_maintenance|maintain]]''' the wiki

= Contribute documentation =
* Help write good '''[[Tutorials_and_Howtos|documentation]]'''
* '''Translate''' the documentation (and program texts) into another language
* '''Proofread''' existing documentation, follow the examples, and make corrections
* Create diagrams, '''screenshots''', and graphics for the documentation
* Develop style, formatting, spelling, and grammar conventions for documenters
* Expand the '''[[Glossary]]''' of technical terms (so non-geeks can understand)
* Convert documentation into more formats

= Contribute support =
* '''Answer questions''' on the wiki, [[mailing lists]], [[IRC]] channels and [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/alpine StackOverflow]
* Contribute to (or start) an online support group
* Post a tutorial or other to https://asciinema.org
* Write '''HOWTOs''' and post them in the [[Tutorials and Howtos]] or your own blog

= Contribute projects =
* [[Wishlist]]

= Contribute publicity =
{{Tip|As Alpine Linux gets more popular, there will be more people wanting to contribute.}}
* '''[[Project:Listings|Link to]]''' the Alpine Linux web site
* Write '''reviews'''
* Convince people to choose Open Source products when possible
* Write about new ways of using an Open Source application

= Contribute appreciation =
* Be '''polite''' when reporting bugs or asking for new features; after all, the developers have no obligation to do it
* '''Express''' your appreciation to developers (through [[Mailing_lists|e-mail]], [https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues bug reports], and [[Alpine Linux:IRC|IRC]])
* Send the programmers post cards
* Give the project or [[Alpine_Linux:Developers|a developer a donation/gift]] (some have wish lists for this)
* Contribute to [https://www.patreon.com/musl musl libc development].

Bonding

2022-07-30T11:10:21Z

Agowa338: /* Configuration */ fix invalid closing pre

This article shows how to bond (or aggregate) multiple ethernet interfaces into a bond0 interface.
{{Note| Alpine Linux v2.4 or later is required}}
==Installation==
First, install the ''bonding'' package. This will give you support for bonding in the ''/etc/network/interfaces'' file.
{{Cmd|apk add bonding}}
And if you want to setup a LACP setup with a ''bridge'' interface you also need to install:
{{Cmd|apk add bridge}}

==Configuration==
Edit the ''/etc/network/interfaces'' file:
<pre>
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
# specify the ethernet interfaces that should be bonded
bond-slaves eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3
</pre>

The keyword is ''bond-slaves'' that will make ifup add the slaves to the bond0 interface.

References: http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt

[[Category:Networking]]

Bonding with br0 (LACP)
<pre>
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet manual
bond-slaves eth0 eth1
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer2+3

auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge-ports bond0
bridge-stp 0
hostname alpine
</pre>

Bonding

2022-07-30T11:09:08Z

Agowa338: /* Installation */ Add install command for 2nd example

This article shows how to bond (or aggregate) multiple ethernet interfaces into a bond0 interface.
{{Note| Alpine Linux v2.4 or later is required}}
==Installation==
First, install the ''bonding'' package. This will give you support for bonding in the ''/etc/network/interfaces'' file.
{{Cmd|apk add bonding}}
And if you want to setup a LACP setup with a ''bridge'' interface you also need to install:
{{Cmd|apk add bridge}}

==Configuration==
Edit the ''/etc/network/interfaces'' file:
<pre>
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
# specify the ethernet interfaces that should be bonded
bond-slaves eth0 eth1 eth2 eth3
</pre>

The keyword is ''bond-slaves'' that will make ifup add the slaves to the bond0 interface.

References: http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt

[[Category:Networking]]

Bonding with br0 (LACP)
<pre>

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet manual
bond-slaves eth0 eth1
bond-mode 802.3ad
bond-xmit-hash-policy layer2+3

auto br0
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge-ports bond0
bridge-stp 0
hostname alpine
<pre>