ZoneMinder video camera security and surveillance

From Alpine Linux

ZoneMinder usually runs with Apache, but in this short how-to we use Lighttpd.


Base Install

ZoneMinder is found in the community repositories, please enable it by following the instructions here

Then, add the needed packages to our system 

apk add zoneminder mariadb mysql-client lighttpd php8-fpm php8-pdo php8-pdo_mysql

Note: In Alpine 3.17, php 8.1 replaces php8.0 

apk add zoneminder mariadb mysql-client lighttpd php81-fpm php81-pdo php81-pdo_mysql

Database

Initialize MySQL database 

rc-service mariadb setup

Start the database 

rc-service mariadb start

Set root password for MySQL as instructed by MySQL setup 

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'your_secure_root_mysql_password'

You can log into MySQL as current root user with 

mysql

Create a ZoneMinder MySQL database and user 

mysql> create database zm;

mysql> CREATE USER zmuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'your_zm_password_as_set_in_config';

mysql> grant ALL on zm.* to zmuser@localhost;

Web Server

We are running lighttpd, so let's run php-fpm as lighttpd user/group 

vi /etc/php8/php-fpm.conf

Note: for php 8.1 

vi /etc/php81/php-fpm.conf

Add this section to the bottom of the file: 

; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
;user = nobody
;group = nobody
user = lighttpd
group = lighttpd

Enable the php cgi fpm config in lighttpd.conf 

vi /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

Go down to the server modules section and uncomment mod_alias, which is needed for the cgi-bin, and mod_rewrite, for the api. It should look like: 

# {{{ modules
# At the very least, mod_access and mod_accesslog should be enabled.
# All other modules should only be loaded if necessary.
# NOTE: the order of modules is important.
server.modules = (
     "mod_rewrite",
#    "mod_redirect",
     "mod_alias",
     "mod_access",
#    "mod_cml",
#    "mod_trigger_b4_dl",
#    "mod_auth",
#    "mod_status",
#    "mod_setenv",
#    "mod_proxy",
#    "mod_simple_vhost",
#    "mod_evhost",
#    "mod_userdir",
#    "mod_deflate",
#    "mod_ssi",
#    "mod_usertrack",
#    "mod_expire",
#    "mod_secdownload",
#    "mod_rrdtool",
#    "mod_webdav",
     "mod_accesslog"
)
# }}}

Go down to the includes section, it should look like: 

# {{{ includes
include "mime-types.conf"
# uncomment for cgi support
   include "mod_cgi.conf"
# uncomment for php/fastcgi support
#   include "mod_fastcgi.conf"
# uncomment for php/fastcgi fpm support
   include "mod_fastcgi_fpm.conf"

# }}}

In order for video streaming to work in 1.36, you'll need the following added to /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf: 

server.stream-response-body = 1

In lighttpd.conf for the API, we will want to redirect any api+ requests to cakephp. Thus, add: 

url.rewrite = (
      "^/zm/api(.+)$"           =>              "/zm/api/index.php"
)


Edit lighttpd cgi config and add old style cgi support by adding to cgi.assign 

vi /etc/lighttpd/mod_cgi.conf

which should look like 

cgi.assign = (
    ""      =>      "",
    ".pl"   =>      "/usr/bin/perl",
    ".cgi"  =>      "/usr/bin/perl"
)

Also add the following to alias.url in mod_cgi.conf so that it looks like 

alias.url = (
    "/cgi-bin/"            =>      var.basedir + "/cgi-bin/",
    "/zm/api"              =>      "/usr/share/webapps/zoneminder/htdocs/api/app/webroot/",
    "/zm/"                 =>      "/usr/share/webapps/zoneminder/htdocs/"
)

Remove the symlink in /var/www/localhost/htdocs (we will be using the alias, not the symlink). 

unlink /var/www/localhost/htdocs/zm

Start php-fpm 

rc-service php-fpm8 start

Note: for php-fpm81, use the following command: 

rc-service php-fpm81 start

Start lighttpd 

rc-service lighttpd start

Zoneminder

Set the MySQL hostname, username, password.

Change the ZoneMinder user (ZM_WEB_USER) and group (ZM_WEB_GROUP) to lighttpd

And set ZM_SERVER_HOST to your ZoneMinder hostname/ipaddress 

vi /etc/zm/zm.conf

Which should look like: 

# Username and group that web daemon (httpd/apache) runs as
ZM_WEB_USER=lighttpd
ZM_WEB_GROUP=lighttpd
ZM_PATH_DATA=/usr/share/zoneminder

# ZoneMinder database type: so far only mysql is supported
ZM_DB_TYPE=mysql

# ZoneMinder database hostname or ip address
ZM_DB_HOST=localhost

# ZoneMinder database name
ZM_DB_NAME=zm

# ZoneMinder database user
ZM_DB_USER=zmuser

# ZoneMinder database password
ZM_DB_PASS=your_zm_password_as_set_in_config

# Host of this machine
ZM_SERVER_HOST=yourserver

Change ownership of zm.conf to lighttpd 

chown lighttpd.lighttpd /etc/zm/zm.conf

Zoneminder will create a cache in /var/cache/zoneminder which isn't created by default. Create this directory and allow lighttpd access to it. Note that if you are using a diskless install, you must lbu add /var/cache/zoneminder. 

mkdir /var/cache/zoneminder
chown lighttpd.lighttpd /var/cache/zoneminder


Initialize the ZoneMinder database 

rc-service zoneminder setup

Start ZoneMinder 

rc-service zoneminder start

Profit!

Conclusion

To access ZoneMinder, browse to http://yourserver/zm/

To test the API, run 

curl -X GET  http://yourserver/zm/api/host/getVersion.json

(This assumes you aren't using authentication.)

To make it start automatically on boot: 

rc-update add lighttpd default
rc-update add mariadb default
rc-update add php-fpm8 default
rc-update add zoneminder default

Added notes to work with Nginx

Later to add some notes about running via nginx

Related Links

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