Alpine setup scripts: Difference between revisions
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The information fed to this script is written to {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}} | The information fed to this script is written to {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}} | ||
Example usage (with 192.168.1.1 being the local router | Example usage (with 192.168.1.1 being the local router/dns-forwarder): {{Cmd|setup-dns -d example.org -n 192.168.1.1}} | ||
Example {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}: | Example {{Path|/etc/resolv.conf}}: |
Revision as of 11:10, 7 May 2021
Feature descriptions for available Alpine Linux setup scripts (/sbin/setup-*).
These scripts can be installed from alpine-conf package using apk.
(Some particular example usages can be seen at Alpine for new users install manuals.)
setup-alpine
This is the main Alpine configuration and installation script.
The script interactively walks the user through executing several auxiliary setup-*
scripts, in the order shown below.
The bracketed options represent example configuration choices, formatted as they may be supplied when manually calling the auxiliary setup scripts, or using a setup-alpine
"answerfile" (see below).
setup-keymap
[us us]- setup-hostname [-n alpine-test]
- setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]
/etc/init.d/networking --quiet start &
- if none of the networking interfaces were configured using dhcp, then:
setup-dns
[-d example.com -n "192.168.0.1 [...]"] - set the root password
- if not in quick mode, then:
setup-timezone
[-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5] - enable the new hostname (
/etc/init.d/hostname --quiet restart
) - add
networking
andurandom
to the boot rc level, andacpid
andcron
to the default rc level, and start the boot and default rc services - extract the fully-qualified domain name and hostname from /etc/resolv.conf and
hostname
, and update /etc/hosts setup-proxy
[-q "http://webproxy:8080"], and activate proxy if it was configuredsetup-apkrepos
[-r (to select a mirror randomly)]- if not in quick mode, then:
setup-sshd
[-c openssh | dropbear | none] - if not in quick mode, then:
setup-ntp
[-c chrony | openntpd | busybox | none] - if not in quick mode, then:
DEFAULT_DISK=none
setup-disk
-q
[-m data /dev/sda] (see Installation#Installation_Overview about the disk modes) - if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then:
setup-lbu
[/media/sdb1] - if installation mode selected during setup-disk was "data" instead of "sys", then:
setup-apkcache
[/media/sdb1/cache | none]
setup-alpine
itself accepts the following command-line switches
- -h
- Shows the up-to-date usage help message.
- -a
- Create an overlay file: this creates a temporary directory and saves its location in ROOT; however, the script doesn't export this variable so I think this feature isn't currently functional.
- -c answerfile
- Create a new "answerfile", with default choices. You can edit the file and then invoke
setup-alpine -f answerfile
. - -f answerfile
- Use an existing "answerfile", which may override some or all of the interactive prompts.
- -q
- Run in "quick mode".
setup-hostname
setup-hostname
[-h] [-n hostname]
Options:
-h Show help
-n Specify hostname
This script allows quick and easy setup of the system hostname by writing it to /etc/hostname. The script prevents you from writing an invalid hostname (such as one that used invalid characters or starts with a '-' or is too long).
The script can be invoked manually or is called as part of the setup-alpine
script.
setup-interfaces
setup-interfaces [-i < interfaces-file]
Note that the contents of interfaces-file has to be supplied as stdin, rather than naming the file as an additional argument. The contents should have the format of /etc/network/interfaces, such as:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp hostname alpine-test
setup-dns
setup-dns
[-h] [-d domain name] [-n name server]
Options:
-h Show help
-d specify search domain name
-n name server IP
The setup-dns script is stored in /sbin/setup-dns and allows quick and simple setup of DNS servers (and a DNS search domain if required). Simply running setup-dns
will allow interactive use of the script, or the options can be specified.
The information fed to this script is written to /etc/resolv.conf
Example usage (with 192.168.1.1 being the local router/dns-forwarder):
setup-dns -d example.org -n 192.168.1.1
Example /etc/resolv.conf:
search example.org nameserver 192.168.1.1
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine
script unless interfaces are configured for DHCP.
setup-timezone
setup-timezone
[-z UTC | -z America/New_York | -p EST+5]
Can pre-select the timezone using either of these switches:
-z subfolder of /usr/share/zoneinfo
-p POSIX TZ format
setup-proxy
setup-proxy
[-hq] [PROXYURL]
Options:
-h Show help
-q Quiet mode prevents changes from taking effect until after reboot
This script requests the system proxy to use in the form http://<proxyurl>:<port>
for example:
http://10.0.0.1:8080
To set no system proxy use none
.
This script exports the following environmental variables:
http_proxy=$proxyurl
https_proxy=$proxyurl
ftp_proxy=$proxyurl
where $proxyurl
is the value input.
If none
was chosen then the value it is set to a blank value (and so no proxy is used).
setup-sshd
setup-sshd
[-h] [-c choice of SSH daemon]
Options:
-h Show help
-c SSH daemon where SSH daemon can be one of the following:
openssh
install the openSSH daemon
dropbear
install the dropbear daemon
none
Do not install an SSH daemon
Example usage:
setup-sshd -c dropbear
The setup-sshd script is stored in /sbin/setup-sshd and allows quick and simple setup of either the OpenSSH or Dropbear SSH daemon & client.
It can be run manually but is also invoked in the setup-alpine
script.
setup-apkrepos
setup-apkrepos
[-fhr] [REPO...]
Setup apk
repositories.
options:
-f Detect and add fastest mirror
-r Add a random mirror and do not prompt
-1 Add first mirror on the list (normally a CDN)
This is run as part of the setup-alpine
script.
setup-disk
DEFAULT_DISK=none setup-disk -q
[-m data | sys] [mountpoint directory | /dev/sda ...]
In "sys" mode, it's an installer, it permanently installs Alpine on the disk, in "data" mode, it provides a larger and persistent /var volume.
This script accepts the following command-line switches:
- -k kernel flavor
- -o apkovl file
- Restore system from apkovl file
- -m data | sys
- Don't prompt for installation mode. With -m data, the supplied devices are formatted to use as a /var volume.
- -r
- Use RAID1 with a single disk (degraded mode)
- -L
- Create and use volumes in a LVM group
- -s swap size in MB
- Use 0 to disable swap
- -q
- Exit quietly if no disks are found
- -v
- Verbose mode
The script also honors the following environment variables:
BOOT_SIZE
- Size of the boot partition in MB; defaults to 100. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.
SWAP_SIZE
- Size of the swap volume in MB; set to 0 to disable swap. If not specified, will default to twice RAM, up to 4096, but won't be more than 1/3 the size of the smallest disk, and if less than 64 will just be 0. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected.
ROOTFS
- Filesystem to use for the / volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
BOOTFS
- Filesystem to use for the /boot volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if -m sys is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
VARFS
- Filesystem to use for the /var volume; defaults to ext4. Only used if -m data is specified or interactively selected. Supported filesystems are: ext2 ext3 ext4 btrfs xfs.
SYSROOT
- Mountpoint to use when creating volumes and doing traditional disk install (-m sys). Defaults to /mnt.
MBR
- Path of MBR binary code, defaults to /usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin.
BOOTLOADER
- Bootloader to use, defaults to syslinux. Supported bootloaders are: grub syslinux zipl.
DISKLABEL
- Disklabel to use, defaults to dos. Supported disklabels are: dos gpt eckd.
Partitioning
If you have complex partitioning needs, you can partition, format, and mount your volumes manually, then just supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk
. Doing so implicitly behaves as though -m sys had also been specified.
See Setting up disks manually for more information.
RAID
setup-disk
will automatically build a RAID array if you supply the -r switch, or if you specify more than one device. The array will always be RAID1 (and --metadata=0.90) for the /boot volumes, but will be RAID5 (and --metadata=1.2 for non-boot volumes when 3 or more devices are supplied.
If you instead want to build your RAID array manually, see Setting up a software RAID array. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk
.
LVM
setup-disk
will automatically build and use volumes in a LVM group if you supply the -L switch. The group and volumes created by the script will have the following names:
- volume group: vg0
- swap volume: lv_swap (only created when swap size > 0)
- root volume: lv_root (only created when -m sys is specified or interactively selected)
- var volume: lv_var (only created when -m data is specified or interactively selected)
The lv_var or lv_root volumes are created to occupy all remaining space in the volume group.
If you need to change any of these settings, you can use vgrename
, lvrename
, lvreduce
or lvresize
.
If you instead want to build your LVM system manually, see Setting up Logical Volumes with LVM. Then format and mount the disks, and supply the root mountpoint to setup-disk
.
setup-lbu
This script will only be invoked for by setup-alpine
when installing data
installation types (ramdisk)
In the previous step, we set up the disk used for the swap partition and for mounting /var
. Here we set up where lbu commit
will store its backup configuration. See Alpine local backup for more information.
When started, setup-lbu
will prompt where to store your data. The options it will prompt for will be taken from the directories found in /media
(except for cdrom
). [not sure how these are mounted: are they automatically mounted by setup-lbu? Does the user have to manually mount using another tty?]
setup-apkcache
This script will only be invoked for by setup-alpine
when installing data
installation types (ramdisk)
In the previous steps, we setup the disk partitions, and told Alpine where it can save its configuration for ramdisk installations. Here we tell Alpine where to save the apk files that you will want to persist across boots. The apkcache is where apk stores cached packages, such that the system does not need to download them at each boot, and doesn't have to depend on the network. See Local APK cache for a detailed explanation.
You should be able to use a partition that you set up in the previous steps.
setup-bootable
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine
but must be run manually.
It allows to create boot media that boots the system running from RAM memory (diskless) like the installation images, but uses a writable (i.e. not iso9660) filesystem. So that it can also serve to store local customizations (e.g. apkovl files and cached packages).
The script first copies the contents of an ISO onto a USB key, CF, SDCard, etc., or harddisk partition. And then installs the syslinux bootloader to make the device bootable.
However, the syslinux install currently seems to fail on non-FAT partitions, so, you may use setup-bootable
with the -u
option to skip the syslinux install.
The script accepts the following arguments and command-line switches (you can run setup-bootable -h
to see a usage message).
setup-bootable source [dest]
The argument source can be a directory or an ISO (will be mounted to MNT
or /mnt) or a URL (will be downloaded with WGET
or wget
). The argument dest can be a directory mountpoint, or will default to /media/usb if not supplied.
- -k
- Keep alpine_dev in syslinux.cfg; otherwise, replace with UUID.
- -u
- Upgrade mode: keep existing syslinux.cfg and don't run
syslinux
- -f
- Overwrite syslinux.cfg even if -u was specified.
- -s
- Force the running of
syslinux
even if -u was specified.
- -v
- Verbose mode
The script will ensure that source and dest are available; will copy the contents of source to dest, ensuring first that there's enough space; and unless -u was specified, will make dest bootable.
For other ways to set up boot media (manually) see Creating a bootable Alpine Linux USB Stick from the command line.
setup-xorg-base
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine
but must be run manually.
Installs a basic xorg configuration, e.g. among other packages: xorg-server xf86-video-vesa xf86-input-evdev xf86-input-mouse xf86-input-keyboard udev
.
Additional packages may be supplied as arguments to setup-xorg-base
. You might need, for example, some of: xf86-input-synaptics xf86-video-something xinit
. For Qemu, see Qemu. For Intel GPUs, see Intel Video.
Documentation needed
setup-xen-dom0
setup-gparted-desktop
Uses openbox.
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine
but must be run manually.
setup-mta
Uses ssmtp.
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine
but must be run manually.
setup-acf
This is a standalone script; it's not invoked by setup-alpine
but must be run manually.
This script was named setup-webconf
before Alpine 1.9 beta 4.
See ACF pages for more information.