Cacti: traffic analysis and monitoring network: Difference between revisions
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Cacti is a complete network monitoring and data | Cacti is a complete network monitoring and data analyzing solution using RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. It is the most widely used monitoring tool by ISPs to see the network graphically. | ||
== Dedicated host | == Dedicated host pre configuration == | ||
'''Cacti | '''Cacti has very special and fixed requirements''' from the host. For production systems, it must be installed on a dedicated host machine. | ||
{{Note|here we use "venenux.net" as the domain. please change to your domain. if you are installing locally, use "localdomain"}} | |||
=== Hostname setup === | === Hostname setup === | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
We added | We added the ip address of cdn Alpine Linux to reduce DNS server traffic. | ||
=== Repositories and packages === | === Repositories and packages === | ||
Unfortunately, some commands are more complex. We must take into consideration that common commands are just busybox minimalist versions, so we must make changes to ensure we are using the real ones. The following commands install bash as well as some other system tools as shown below. If they aren't present, Catci will fail randomly: | |||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
Line 35: | Line 37: | ||
apk update | apk update | ||
apk add attr dialog binutils findutils readline lsof less nano curl | apk add bash attr dialog binutils findutils readline lsof less nano curl | ||
export PAGER=less | export PAGER=less | ||
Line 57: | Line 59: | ||
apk update | apk update | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
Take into consideration that if one package is retrieved, it must be the only package! i.e. not all the packages. First install all the dependencies and related files from the normal repository and later install only the required extras from edge! For that, you must visit https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages and search for all the requirements of the involved package from edge. like <code>utmps</code>. | |||
== Requirements == | == Requirements == | ||
* A web server | Before installing Cacti, many other packages must be installed and configured. | ||
* The ''PHP'' scripting | |||
* A database engine | * A web server e.g. ''lighttpd'' | ||
* To retreive data | * The ''PHP'' scripting language | ||
* To | * A database engine e.g. ''mariadb'' | ||
* To retreive data, ''net-snmp'' tools | |||
* To graph the data, the ''rrdtool'' package | |||
{{Warning|These complex configurations '''will be necessary''', as Cacti is demanding in its requirements | {{Warning|These complex configurations '''will be necessary''', as Cacti is demanding in its installation requirements to ensure complete functionality.}} | ||
=== The web server: Lighttpd installation and configuration === | === The web server: Lighttpd installation and configuration === | ||
Cacti runs as a web program, so we need the web server configured, | Cacti runs as a web program, so we need the web server configured, Because Apache2 is so well known, we will document only lighttpd. There is a lot of info available about configuration options: | ||
* setup port, cache engine, event handler of lighttpd, with htdocs | |||
* setup web server status page | |||
* setup alias mod for aliasing, cgi handler, and create the directories with the correct permissions | |||
* setup the webserver start script and start the webserver to test it | |||
* add network back-end handler. file descriptor setup and improve file cache retrieval time | |||
* setup https and generate self signed certificate | |||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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rc-service lighttpd restart | rc-service lighttpd restart | ||
checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'noatime' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.use-noatime = "enable"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'noatime' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ | ||
echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.use-noatime = "enable"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'network-backend' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.network-backend = "linux-sendfile"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'network-backend' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ | ||
echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.network-backend = "linux-sendfile"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'max-fds' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings\nserver.max-fds = 2048\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'max-fds' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ | ||
echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings\nserver.max-fds = 2048\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
rc-service lighttpd restart | rc-service lighttpd restart | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
{{ | {{Warning|Next steps are '''recommended''' but optional, Cacti can use only https for the traffic between the host monitor and the rest of monitored devices! Cacti should be accessed only over TLS. (https) Otherwise, passwords and user data will be exposed. The following steps will generate a self signed cert file that will require accepting a custom exception on the web browser, but all of the https traffic will use TLS/SSL.}} | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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} | } | ||
EOF | EOF | ||
sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_redirect.*,.*# "mod_redirect",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_redirect.*,.*# "mod_redirect",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | ||
itawxrc="";itawxrc=$(grep 'include "mod_ssl.conf' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$itawxrc" != "" ]] && echo listo || sed -i -r 's#.*include "mime-types.conf".*#include "mime-types.conf"\ninclude "mod_ssl.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
itawxrc="";itawxrc=$(grep 'include "mod_ssl.conf' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$itawxrc" != "" ]] && echo listo || \ | |||
sed -i -r 's#.*include "mime-types.conf".*#include "mime-types.conf"\ninclude "mod_ssl.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
sed -i -r 's#ssl.pemfile.*=.*#ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | sed -i -r 's#ssl.pemfile.*=.*#ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | ||
rc-service lighttpd restart | rc-service lighttpd restart | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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=== The PHP: installation and configurations === | === The PHP: installation and configurations === | ||
Next requirement | Next requirement is the PHP scripting Language. Because Cacti are build with PHP, it has support for LDAP. | ||
{{Note|Cacti supports PHP5 and PHP7 | {{Note|Cacti supports PHP5 and PHP7. In the next section, we will only cover PHP7 because that's only version available that works with recent Alpine versions. If you use an older Alpine host for testing, you can use this command to detect what to install <code><nowiki>export phpmax=$(debver=$(cat /etc/alpine-release|cut -d '.' -f1);[ $debver -ge 6 ] && echo 7|| echo 5)</nowiki></code>, the shel var <code>phpmax</code> indicates based on Alpine version if 5 or 7 php will be used in command lines as: <code>apk add php$phpmax</code>.}} | ||
The commit that mess | The commit that mess is at, is: https://git.alpinelinux.org/aports/commit/community/cacti/cacti.php-fpm.conf?id=4272e802a1be191657becb739e6a248c1d0411a7 where a specific pool for php-fpm is made for cacti. It's a mess because it's not documented. We must avoid and ignore it if we are to properly configure the general pool: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
The following configurations are for high or huge loads on a 2G RAM server, for more information about configuring PHP on Alpine | The following configurations are for high or huge loads on a 2G RAM server, for more information about configuring PHP on Alpine Linux see [[Production LAMP system: Lighttpd + PHP + MySQL]] wiki page. | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
After have php ready, | After you have php ready, let's integrate it into the current preinstalled web server. We've chosen lighttpd, so the commands are: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
To test PHP | To test PHP is working correctly, browse to <code><nowiki>http://ipaddress/info.php</nowiki></code> Change "ipaddrs" to the web server's ip address. | ||
=== The Database: MariaDB installation and configuration === | === The Database: MariaDB installation and configuration === | ||
{{Warning|Cacti also can run with PostgreSQL, | {{Warning|Cacti also can run with PostgreSQL, it's a better choice for heavily loaded production and huge data systems. We documented mysql only because postgresql needs complex tunning parameters}} | ||
{{Note| | {{Note|You can install '''adminer to manage the database''' via a web browser. See [[Production LAMP system: Lighttpd + PHP + MySQL#adminer:_Web_Frontend_administration|Adminer in production LAMP systems]] that can manage any kind of database via a GUI}} | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
After those commands | After those commands run the <code>mysql_secure_installation</code> script, and answer as follows: | ||
# '''Enter current password for root ( | # '''Enter current password for root (for none, enter):''' it must be provided because we've set it previously. Correct response is <code>OK, successfully used password, moving on...</code> | ||
# '''Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]''' | # '''Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]''' Not used. Must be disabled, '''answer NO''', the response will be <code>... skipping.</code> | ||
# '''Change the root password? [Y/n]''' | # '''Change the root password? [Y/n]''' Press "n" only if you provided a good password, otherwise change it! | ||
# '''Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]''' In | # '''Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]''' In a '''production system, we must remove them, so answer Y''' the correct response is <code>... Success!</code>. | ||
# '''Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]''' | # '''Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]''' Answer Y''' proper response is <code>... Success!</code>. | ||
# '''Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]''' | # '''Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]''' You should removed it, so answer Y''' the proper response is <code>... Success!</code>. | ||
# '''Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]''' Aanswer Y''' | # '''Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]''' Aanswer Y''' proper response is <code>... Success!</code>. | ||
After | After you respond to all of the questions, restart the service with <code>rc-service mariadb restart</code> | ||
=== The tools: net-snmp and | === The tools: net-snmp and rrdtool === | ||
<pre><nowiki>apk add net-snmp net-snmp-tools | {{Warning|do no set <code><nowiki>agentAddress tcp:161,tcp6:[::1]:161</nowiki></code>, by default the package adds the udp 161 protocol, so if you set it, it will only listen and show info using ipv6 only}} | ||
<pre><nowiki> | |||
apk add net-snmp net-snmp-tools rrdtool | |||
cat > /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf << EOF | |||
view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 | |||
view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1 | |||
rocommunity public localhost | |||
rocommunity public default -V systemonly | |||
sysLocation Bolivar Upata Venezuela | |||
sysContact infoadmin <info@pacificnetwork.com> | |||
sysServices 72 | |||
EOF | |||
rc-update add snmpd default | |||
rc-service snmpd restart | |||
</nowiki></pre> | |||
Here we need only the commands for cacti. For more info about the topic see: | |||
* [[Setting_up_traffic_monitoring_using_rrdtool_(and_snmp)]] | * [[Setting_up_traffic_monitoring_using_rrdtool_(and_snmp)]] | ||
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== Cacti Installation == | == Cacti Installation == | ||
As of Alpine 3.12, Cacti still | As of Alpine 3.12, Cacti still is in the edge branch, so first we pre-install the dependency packages. Afterward, from edge, we install only cacti. | ||
=== Installing | === Installing Cacti Packages === | ||
{{Warning|As of Alpine 3. | {{Warning|As of Alpine 3.5, Cacti was a only one package, i.e. "cacti". Beginning with Alpine 3.6, The cacti package is split into more than obe package. The commit that mess all is where a specific pool for php-fpm is made for cacti. It's a mess because it's not documented. We must avoid and ignore it if we are to properly configure the general pool:}} | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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apk add bash busybox coreutils net-snmp-tools perl rrdtool ttf-dejavu php7-snmp | apk add bash busybox coreutils net-snmp-tools perl rrdtool ttf-dejavu php7-snmp | ||
apk add cacti cacti-setup cacti-php7 cacti-lang | apk add cacti cacti-setup cacti-php7 cacti-lang | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
== Cacti pre Configuration == | == Cacti pre Configuration == | ||
Cacti | Cacti is run under the cacti user. We temporally set the file permissions to world writeable, then later, we'll set them correctly. | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
Cacti runs under cacti user, but web server user (apache2, lighttpd) also needs access | Cacti runs under the cacti user, but web server user (apache2, lighttpd) also needs access. So enable group access and as we said, temporally set world-writeable file permissions permissions: | ||
# grant | # grant temporary access to the web server | ||
# Create the cacti database and populate it | # Create the cacti database and populate it | ||
# Grant Cacti MySQL user access (give it a more secure password): | # Grant Cacti MySQL user access (give it a more secure password): | ||
# Quit from Mysql command prompt: | # Quit from Mysql command prompt: | ||
# Import the initial Cacti MySQL database | # Import the initial Cacti MySQL database | ||
# set the user, | # set the user, password, and database name to the cacti config file | ||
# grant | # temporarily grant world-write permission to the cacti log and lib directories | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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In the web page click: | In the web page click: | ||
: -> Next | : -> Next | ||
Then select new install | Then select new install if+ it's not selected: | ||
: -> New install, Next | : -> New install, Next | ||
{{Warning|take note since cacti 1.2.8 and still at cacti 1.2.10, installer have several errors for <code>Cacti_Stats.xml.gz</code> template, so | {{Warning|take note since cacti 1.2.8 and still at cacti 1.2.10, installer have several errors for <code>Cacti_Stats.xml.gz</code> template, so last "check" has no description. You must uncheck last as described here: https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/issues/3313#issuecomment-594114681 Th template can be installed later via the cli as: <code><nowiki>php -d max_execution_time=90 /usr/share/webapps/cacti/cli/import_package.php | ||
--filename=Cacti_Stats.xml.gz</nowiki></code> under the templates directory of the cacti install, but currently it hangs and never gets installed. Reported at https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/issues/3313#issuecomment-601508135 }} | |||
Then finish | Then finish | ||
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Add to crontab:<br /> | Add to crontab:<br /> | ||
== Cacti post | == Cacti post configuration == | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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chmod 664 /var/log/cacti/*.log | chmod 664 /var/log/cacti/*.log | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
=== Pooler and crontab === | |||
As we said, cacti needs a crontab for pool collection of data! These steps are not necesary as of Alpine 3.7 because the cacti package installs all necesary files. | |||
{{Note|These steps are only for older cacti packages up to Alpine version 3.6. Starting with version 3.7, cacti packages install a crontab for data collection}} | |||
cd /etc/crontabs | cd /etc/crontabs | ||
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copy to the end of the file: | copy to the end of the file: | ||
*/5 * * * * lighttpd php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1 | */5 * * * * lighttpd php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
In case you are using | In case you are using another web server, you have to modify the "lighttpd" user. | ||
*/5 * * * * "web server user" php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1 | */5 * * * * "web server user" php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
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=== cacti plugins === | === cacti plugins === | ||
If you used | If you used the latest cacti, you must use the latest development version of each plugin especially if you're using php7 on your webserver: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | 00<pre><nowiki> | ||
cd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/plugins/ | cd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/plugins/ | ||
wget https://github.com/Cacti/ | wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_mikrotik/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-monitor.tar.gz | ||
wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_gexport/archive/ | wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_gexport/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-gexport.tar.gz | ||
wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_routerconfigs/archive/ | wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_routerconfigs/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-routerconfigs.tar.g | ||
wget https://github.com/Cacti/ | wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_monitor/archive/master.tar.gz cacti-1.2.11-plugin-reportit.tar.gz | ||
wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_reportit/archive/ | wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_reportit/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-reportit.tar.gz | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
After extract all, change and fix permissions: | After extract all of the files, change and fix permissions: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
Go to cacti configuration and plugins via the web interface to install and enable all of them. | |||
== Re-installing Cacti == | |||
Let's suppose you make a mess of everything and want to reinstall all of it from the beginning. Let's get started: | |||
=== Erase everything cacti related === | |||
# remove istalled packages | |||
# remove configuration files | |||
# remove databases and users from mysql/postgresql (here only mysql for example) | |||
# reconfigure to not load the cacti web server configuration | |||
# restart services because the cacti pool was erased and lighttpd must reload its config files | |||
<pre><nowiki> | |||
apk del cacti cacti-setup cacti-php7 cacti-lang | |||
rm -rf /var/log/cacti | |||
rm -rf /usr/share/webapps/cacti | |||
rm -rf /etc/cacti | |||
mysql -u root -p -e "DROP DATABASE cacti;" | |||
mysql -u root -p -e "DROP USER 'cactiuser'@'localhost'" | |||
sed -i "/include \"mod_cacti.conf\"/d" /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf | |||
rc-service php-fpm7 restart | |||
rc-service lighttpd restart | |||
</nowiki></pre> | |||
After you complete all of these steps, repeat all the steps from [[Cacti:_traffic_analysis_and_monitoring_network#Cacti_Installation|Cacti_Installation section]]. | |||
= See Also = | = See Also = | ||
[[Category:Server]] | [[Category:Server]] | ||
[[Category:Web_Server]] | [[Category:Web_Server]] |
Latest revision as of 14:04, 6 January 2022
Cacti is a complete network monitoring and data analyzing solution using RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. It is the most widely used monitoring tool by ISPs to see the network graphically.
Dedicated host pre configuration
Cacti has very special and fixed requirements from the host. For production systems, it must be installed on a dedicated host machine.
Hostname setup
hostname monitor echo 'hostname="monitor"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname echo "monitor" > /etc/hostname cat > /etc/hosts << EOF 127.0.0.1 monitor.venenux.net monitor localhost.localdomain localhost 151.101.128.249 dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain EOF
We added the ip address of cdn Alpine Linux to reduce DNS server traffic.
Repositories and packages
Unfortunately, some commands are more complex. We must take into consideration that common commands are just busybox minimalist versions, so we must make changes to ensure we are using the real ones. The following commands install bash as well as some other system tools as shown below. If they aren't present, Catci will fail randomly:
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community EOF apk update apk add bash attr dialog binutils findutils readline lsof less nano curl export PAGER=less cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community http://uk.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main http://uk.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community EOF apk update apk add utmps cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community EOF apk update
Take into consideration that if one package is retrieved, it must be the only package! i.e. not all the packages. First install all the dependencies and related files from the normal repository and later install only the required extras from edge! For that, you must visit https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages and search for all the requirements of the involved package from edge. like utmps
.
Requirements
Before installing Cacti, many other packages must be installed and configured.
- A web server e.g. lighttpd
- The PHP scripting language
- A database engine e.g. mariadb
- To retreive data, net-snmp tools
- To graph the data, the rrdtool package
The web server: Lighttpd installation and configuration
Cacti runs as a web program, so we need the web server configured, Because Apache2 is so well known, we will document only lighttpd. There is a lot of info available about configuration options:
- setup port, cache engine, event handler of lighttpd, with htdocs
- setup web server status page
- setup alias mod for aliasing, cgi handler, and create the directories with the correct permissions
- setup the webserver start script and start the webserver to test it
- add network back-end handler. file descriptor setup and improve file cache retrieval time
- setup https and generate self signed certificate
apk add lighttpd gamin mkdir -p /var/www/localhost/htdocs sed -i -r 's#\#.*server.port.*=.*#server.port = 80#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*server.stat-cache-engine.*=.*# server.stat-cache-engine = "fam"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#\#.*server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll".*#server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf mkdir -p /var/www/localhost/htdocs/serverinfo sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_status.*,.*# "mod_status",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*status.status-url.*=.*#status.status-url = "/serverinfo/server-status"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*status.config-url.*=.*#status.config-url = "/serverinfo/server-config"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf mkdir -p /var/www/localhost/cgi-bin sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_alias.*,.*# "mod_alias",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_cgi.conf".*# include "mod_cgi.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf mkdir -p /var/lib/lighttpd chown -R lighttpd:lighttpd /var/www/localhost/ chown -R lighttpd:lighttpd /var/lib/lighttpd chown -R lighttpd:lighttpd /var/log/lighttpd rc-update add lighttpd default rc-service lighttpd restart checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'noatime' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.use-noatime = "enable"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'network-backend' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings"\nserver.network-backend = "linux-sendfile"\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf checkset="";checkset=$(grep 'max-fds' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkset" != "" ]] && \ echo listo || sed -i -r 's#server settings.*#server settings\nserver.max-fds = 2048\n#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf rc-service lighttpd restart
apk add openssl mkdir -p /etc/ssl/certs/ openssl req -x509 -days 1460 -nodes -newkey rsa:4096 \ -subj "/C=VE/ST=Bolivar/L=Upata/O=VenenuX/OU=Systemas:hozYmartillo/CN=localhost" \ -keyout /etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem -out /etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem chmod 755 /etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem cat > /etc/lighttpd/mod_ssl.conf << EOF server.modules += ("mod_openssl") \$SERVER["socket"] == "0.0.0.0:443" { ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem" ssl.cipher-list = "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:AES256-SHA256:RC4:HIGH:!MD5:!aNULL:!EDH:!AESGCM" ssl.honor-cipher-order = "enable" } \$HTTP["scheme"] == "http" { \$HTTP["host"] =~ ".*" { url.redirect = (".*" => "https://%0\$0") } } EOF sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_redirect.*,.*# "mod_redirect",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf itawxrc="";itawxrc=$(grep 'include "mod_ssl.conf' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$itawxrc" != "" ]] && echo listo || \ sed -i -r 's#.*include "mime-types.conf".*#include "mime-types.conf"\ninclude "mod_ssl.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#ssl.pemfile.*=.*#ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/certs/localhost.pem"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf rc-service lighttpd restart
The PHP: installation and configurations
Next requirement is the PHP scripting Language. Because Cacti are build with PHP, it has support for LDAP.
export phpmax=$(debver=$(cat /etc/alpine-release|cut -d '.' -f1);[ $debver -ge 6 ] && echo 7|| echo 5)
, the shel var phpmax
indicates based on Alpine version if 5 or 7 php will be used in command lines as: apk add php$phpmax
.The commit that mess is at, is: https://git.alpinelinux.org/aports/commit/community/cacti/cacti.php-fpm.conf?id=4272e802a1be191657becb739e6a248c1d0411a7 where a specific pool for php-fpm is made for cacti. It's a mess because it's not documented. We must avoid and ignore it if we are to properly configure the general pool:
apk add php7-fpm php7-bcmath php7-bz2 php7-ctype php7-curl php7-dom \ php7-enchant php7-exif php7-gd php7-gettext php7-gmp php7-iconv \ php7-imap php7-intl php7-json php7-mbstring php7-opcache php7-openssl \ php7-phar php7-posix php7-pspell php7-recode php7-session php7-simplexml \ php7-sockets php7-sysvmsg php7-sysvsem php7-sysvshm php7-tidy php7-tokenizer \ php7-xml php7-xmlreader php7-xmlrpc php7-xmlwriter php7-xsl php7-zip php7-sqlite3 \ php7-gd php7-gmp php7-ldap php7-openssl php7-pdo_mysql php7-posix php7-sockets php7-xml apk add php7-pdo php7-pdo_mysql php7-mysqli php7-pdo_sqlite php7-sqlite3 \ php7-odbc php7-pdo_odbc php7-dba
The following configurations are for high or huge loads on a 2G RAM server, for more information about configuring PHP on Alpine Linux see Production LAMP system: Lighttpd + PHP + MySQL wiki page.
sed -i -r 's|.*cgi.fix_pathinfo=.*|cgi.fix_pathinfo=1|g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#.*safe_mode =.*#safe_mode = Off#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#.*expose_php =.*#expose_php = Off#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#memory_limit =.*#memory_limit = 512M#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#upload_max_filesize =.*#upload_max_filesize = 56M#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#post_max_size =.*#post_max_size = 128M#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^file_uploads =.*#file_uploads = On#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^max_file_uploads =.*#max_file_uploads = 12#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^allow_url_fopen = .*#allow_url_fopen = On#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^.default_charset =.*#default_charset = "UTF-8"#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^.max_execution_time =.*#max_execution_time = 90#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^max_input_time =.*#max_input_time = 90#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#.*date.timezone =.*#date.timezone = America/Panama#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's|.*events.mechanism =.*|events.mechanism = epoll|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.conf sed -i -r 's|.*emergency_restart_threshold =.*|emergency_restart_threshold = 12|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.conf sed -i -r 's|.*emergency_restart_interval =.*|emergency_restart_interval = 1m|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.conf sed -i -r 's|.*process_control_timeout =.*|process_control_timeout = 8s|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.max_requests =.*|pm.max_requests = 10000|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.max_children =.*|pm.max_children = 12|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.start_servers =.*|pm.start_servers = 4|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.min_spare_servers =.*|pm.min_spare_servers = 4|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.max_spare_servers =.*|pm.max_spare_servers = 8|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm.process_idle_timeout =.*|pm.process_idle_timeout = 8s|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*pm =.*|pm = ondemand|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf mkdir -p /var/run/php-fpm7/ chown lighttpd:root /var/run/php-fpm7 sed -i -r 's|^.*listen =.*|listen = /run/php-fpm7/php7-fpm.sock|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^pid =.*|pid = /run/php-fpm7/php7-fpm.pid|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.conf sed -i -r 's#^user =.*#user = lighttpd#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's#^group =.*#group = lighttpd#g' /etc/php*/php.ini sed -i -r 's|^.*listen.owner =.*|listen.owner = lighttpd|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*listen.group =.*|listen.group = lighttpd|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 's|^.*listen.mode =.*|listen.mode = 0660|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf rc-update add php-fpm7 default service php-fpm7 restart
After you have php ready, let's integrate it into the current preinstalled web server. We've chosen lighttpd, so the commands are:
mkdir -p /var/www/localhost/cgi-bin sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_alias.*,.*# "mod_alias",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_cgi.conf".*# include "mod_cgi.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_fastcgi.conf".*#\# include "mod_fastcgi.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_fastcgi_fpm.conf".*# include "mod_fastcgi_fpm.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf cat > /etc/lighttpd/mod_fastcgi_fpm.conf << EOF server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" ) index-file.names += ( "index.php" ) fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => ( "localhost" => ( "socket" => "/var/run/php-fpm7/php7-fpm.sock", "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable" )) ) EOF sed -i -r 's|^.*listen =.*|listen = /var/run/php-fpm7/php7-fpm.sock|g' /etc/php*/php-fpm.d/www.conf sed -i -r 'php-fpm7 restart rc-service lighttpd restart echo "<?php echo phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/localhost/htdocs/info.php
To test PHP is working correctly, browse to http://ipaddress/info.php
Change "ipaddrs" to the web server's ip address.
The Database: MariaDB installation and configuration
apk add mysql mysql-client tzdata mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql rc-service mariadb start mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo/ | mysql -u root mysql sed -i "s|.*max_allowed_packet\s*=.*|max_allowed_packet = 100M|g" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf sed -i "s|.*bind-address\s*=.*|bind-address=127.0.0.1|g" /etc/mysql/my.cnf sed -i "s|.*bind-address\s*=.*|bind-address=127.0.0.1|g" /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf cat > /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server-default-charset.cnf << EOF [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 EOF cat > /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server-default-highload.cnf << EOF [mysqld] collation_server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci character_set_server = utf8mb4 max_heap_table_size = 32M tmp_table_size = 32M join_buffer_size = 62M innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_large_prefix = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_flush_log_at_timeout = 3 innodb_read_io_threads = 32 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 innodb_io_capacity = 5000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 10000 EOF rc-service mariadb restart rc-update add mariadb default
After those commands run the mysql_secure_installation
script, and answer as follows:
- Enter current password for root (for none, enter): it must be provided because we've set it previously. Correct response is
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
- Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Not used. Must be disabled, answer NO, the response will be
... skipping.
- Change the root password? [Y/n] Press "n" only if you provided a good password, otherwise change it!
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] In a production system, we must remove them, so answer Y the correct response is
... Success!
. - Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Answer Y proper response is
... Success!
. - Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] You should removed it, so answer Y the proper response is
... Success!
. - Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Aanswer Y proper response is
... Success!
.
After you respond to all of the questions, restart the service with rc-service mariadb restart
The tools: net-snmp and rrdtool
agentAddress tcp:161,tcp6:[::1]:161
, by default the package adds the udp 161 protocol, so if you set it, it will only listen and show info using ipv6 only
apk add net-snmp net-snmp-tools rrdtool cat > /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf << EOF view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1 rocommunity public localhost rocommunity public default -V systemonly sysLocation Bolivar Upata Venezuela sysContact infoadmin <info@pacificnetwork.com> sysServices 72 EOF rc-update add snmpd default rc-service snmpd restart
Here we need only the commands for cacti. For more info about the topic see:
- Setting_up_traffic_monitoring_using_rrdtool_(and_snmp)
- Setting_up_monitoring_using_rrdtool_(and_rrdcollect)
- Setting_up_A_Network_Monitoring_and_Inventory_System
Cacti Installation
As of Alpine 3.12, Cacti still is in the edge branch, so first we pre-install the dependency packages. Afterward, from edge, we install only cacti.
Installing Cacti Packages
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/main http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v$(cat /etc/alpine-release | cut -d'.' -f1,2)/community EOF apk update apk add bash busybox coreutils net-snmp-tools perl rrdtool ttf-dejavu php7-snmp apk add cacti cacti-setup cacti-php7 cacti-lang
Cacti pre Configuration
Cacti is run under the cacti user. We temporally set the file permissions to world writeable, then later, we'll set them correctly.
cat > /etc/lighttpd/mod_cacti.conf << EOF alias.url += ( "/cacti/" => "/usr/share/webapps/cacti/" ) \$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/cacti/" { dir-listing.activate = "disable" } EOF sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_alias.*,.*# "mod_alias",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_accesslog.*,.*# "mod_accesslog",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#\#.*mod_setenv.*,.*# "mod_setenv",#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_cgi.conf".*# include "mod_cgi.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf checkssl="";checkssl=$(grep 'include "mod_cacti.conf' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf);[[ "$checkssl" != "" ]] && echo listo || sed -i -r 's#.*include "mod_cgi.conf".*#include "mod_cgi.conf"\ninclude "mod_cacti.conf"#g' /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf rc-service lighttpd restart
Cacti runs under the cacti user, but web server user (apache2, lighttpd) also needs access. So enable group access and as we said, temporally set world-writeable file permissions permissions:
- grant temporary access to the web server
- Create the cacti database and populate it
- Grant Cacti MySQL user access (give it a more secure password):
- Quit from Mysql command prompt:
- Import the initial Cacti MySQL database
- set the user, password, and database name to the cacti config file
- temporarily grant world-write permission to the cacti log and lib directories
chown -R cacti:lighttpd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/;chown -R cacti:lighttpd /var/lib/cacti/ mysql -u root -p -e "CREATE DATABASE cacti;" mysql -u root -p -e "GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO 'cactiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'cactipassword';FLUSH PRIVILEGES; mysql -u root -p -e "GRANT GRANT OPTION ON cacti.* TO 'cactiuser'@'localhost';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;" mysql -u root -p -e "GRANT SELECT ON mysql.time_zone_name TO 'cactiuser'@'localhost';" mysql --user=cactiuser -p cactipassword cacti < /usr/share/webapps/cacti/cacti.sql sed -i -r 's#\$database_default.*=.*;#\$database_default = 'cacti';#g' /etc/cacti/config.php sed -i -r 's#\$database_username.*=.*;#\$database_username = 'cactiuser';#g' /etc/cacti/config.php sed -i -r 's#\$database_password.*=.*;#\$database_password = 'cactipassword';#g' /etc/cacti/config.php chmod 777 /var/log/cacti chmod 666 /var/log/cacti/*.log
Cacti web setup install
Login using:
Password= admin user= admin
Next will be prompted to change password:
change password.
In the web page click:
- -> Next
Then select new install if+ it's not selected:
- -> New install, Next
Cacti_Stats.xml.gz
template, so last "check" has no description. You must uncheck last as described here: https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/issues/3313#issuecomment-594114681 Th template can be installed later via the cli as: php -d max_execution_time=90 /usr/share/webapps/cacti/cli/import_package.php
--filename=Cacti_Stats.xml.gz
under the templates directory of the cacti install, but currently it hangs and never gets installed. Reported at https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/issues/3313#issuecomment-601508135
Then finish
- -> Finish
Add to crontab:
Cacti post configuration
chmod 775 /var/log/cacti chmod 664 /var/log/cacti/*.log
Pooler and crontab
As we said, cacti needs a crontab for pool collection of data! These steps are not necesary as of Alpine 3.7 because the cacti package installs all necesary files.
cd /etc/crontabs vi root
copy to the end of the file:
*/5 * * * * lighttpd php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1
In case you are using another web server, you have to modify the "lighttpd" user.
*/5 * * * * "web server user" php /var/www/localhost/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1
Add your devices and you're ready to start monitoring!
cacti plugins
If you used the latest cacti, you must use the latest development version of each plugin especially if you're using php7 on your webserver:
00
cd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/plugins/ wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_mikrotik/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-monitor.tar.gz wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_gexport/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-gexport.tar.gz wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_routerconfigs/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-routerconfigs.tar.g wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_monitor/archive/master.tar.gz cacti-1.2.11-plugin-reportit.tar.gz wget https://github.com/Cacti/plugin_reportit/archive/master.tar.gz -O cacti-1.2.11-plugin-reportit.tar.gz
After extract all of the files, change and fix permissions:
cd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/plugins/ chown -R cacti:lighttpd /usr/share/webapps/cacti/ chown -R cacti:lighttpd /var/lib/cacti/
Go to cacti configuration and plugins via the web interface to install and enable all of them.
Re-installing Cacti
Let's suppose you make a mess of everything and want to reinstall all of it from the beginning. Let's get started:
- remove istalled packages
- remove configuration files
- remove databases and users from mysql/postgresql (here only mysql for example)
- reconfigure to not load the cacti web server configuration
- restart services because the cacti pool was erased and lighttpd must reload its config files
apk del cacti cacti-setup cacti-php7 cacti-lang rm -rf /var/log/cacti rm -rf /usr/share/webapps/cacti rm -rf /etc/cacti mysql -u root -p -e "DROP DATABASE cacti;" mysql -u root -p -e "DROP USER 'cactiuser'@'localhost'" sed -i "/include \"mod_cacti.conf\"/d" /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf rc-service php-fpm7 restart rc-service lighttpd restart
After you complete all of these steps, repeat all the steps from Cacti_Installation section.